THE NANOCOSMOS GAS CELL AS A TOOL FOR SPECTROSCOPY: THE MILLIMETERWAVE SPECTRUM OF N-ETHYLFORMAMIDE

Several molecules containing a peptidic bond in their structure such as formamide (HCONH$_{2}$) and some derivative compounds have been already found in the interstellar medium\footnote{R.H. Rubin \textit{et al.}, \textbf{1971}, \textit{ApJL}, 169, L39, and see \textit{e.g.} A.J. Remijan \textit{et al.}, \textbf{2014}, \textit{ApJ}, 783, 77}. In case of N-ethylformamide (HCONHCH$_{2}$CH$_{3}$), only the microwave spectrum is known up to 20 GHz hence the rotational constants for the conformers found are not accurate enough to detect the molecule in the interstellar medium. \\ In the present work we have employed the Nanocosmos Gas Cell spectrometer to record the millimeterwave spectrum of N-ethylformamide. The recently built broadband Fourier transform millimeterwave spectrometer\footnote{I. Tanarro \textit{et al.}, \textbf{2018}, \textit{A\&A}, 609, A15 and J. Cernicharo \textit{et al.}, \textbf{2019}, \textit{A\&A}} employs radio astronomical receivers for the Q-band (31.5-50GHz) and W-band (72-116GHz) to detect the thermal emission of the molecules in the Gas Cell chamber. The aim consists on establishing the concept of Nanocosmos Gas Cell as a new tool for high resolution broadband molecular spectroscopy in the millimeterwave region. In this study not only the ground state but also a higher energy conformer and some vibrational excited states have been identified and analyzed. The rotational constants will be used to search for this molecule in the space

THE NANOCOSMOS GAS CELL: A BROADBAND FOURIER TRANSFORM MILLIMETERWAVE SPECTROMETER BASED ON RADIO ASTRONOMY RECEIVERS

We present the first spectroscopic results on a newly built broadband Fourier transform millimeterwave spectrometer for the laboratory which employs the same detection system as that present in radio-telescopes. The spectrometer is equipped with Q-band (31.5-50GHz) and W-band (72-116GHz) receivers, very sensitive to the rotational emission of the molecules present in a one meter Gas Cell. The technique provides large instantaneous bandwidth, spectral purity, and a linear dependence of the signals with the partial pressure so that it is perfectly suited for high resolution emission spectroscopy of molecules of astrophysical importance. The full description of the cell can be found in the literature\footnote{I. Tanarro \textit{et al.} \textbf{2019}, \textit{A\&A}, 609, A15}$^{,}$\footnote{J. Cernicharo \textit{et al.}, \textbf{2019}, \textit{A\&A}}. \\ In the present contribution we will show the capabilities of the spectrometer. The Gas Cell has been initially tested with molecules whose rotational spectrum was well known (CH$_{3}$CN, OCS, SO$_{2}$…). High accuracy measurements of the frequencies (38KHz) and intensities (in K) can also be determined using our new instrument. Subsequently, Gas Cell experiments have been devoted to the study the rotational spectra of molecules of astrochemical interest whose millimeterwave spectrum remains unknown. Among these molecules, the formamide derivatives and dinitriles are very attractive because they are candidates to be found in the space and they present low-energy excited vibrational states that can also contribute to the large number of unidentified lines in the millimeter and submillimeter wave surveys

Gas phase studies of molecules of biological and astrophysical interest

Durante el periodo de tesis doctoral se han realizado diversos estudios conformacionales de biomoléculas para así comprender la relación entre su estructura y sus propiedades. En concreto, se han realizado trabajos de investigación sobre azúcares, aminoácidos, bases nitrogenadas y neurotransmisores. Las investigaciones de los azúcares se han centrado en lo relativo a su sabor ya que este depende directamente de su estructura tridimensional. En aminoácidos, se ha estudiado por primera vez los efectos del equilibrio tautomérico sobre su comportamiento conformacional a través del análisis de la histidina. Análogamente, se ha investigado sobre la influencia de la microsolvatación en el equilibrio tautomérico de la citosina. Dentro de los neurotransmisores, se ha abordado el estudio de octopamina y sinefrina. Asimismo, se han colaborado en la puesta a punto de la instrumentación de 26-GH-1THz y se han realizado estudios rotacionales sobre moléculas que potencialmente están presentes en el medio interestelar.Departamento de Química Física y Química Inorgánic

Comprehensive analysis of prebiotic propenal up to 660 GHz

Since interstellar detection of propenal is only based on two rotational transitions in the centimeter wave region, its high resolution rotational spectrum has been measured up to 660 GHz and fully characterized by assignment of more than 12,000 transitions to provide direct laboratory data to the astronomical community. Spectral assignments and analysis include transitions from the ground state of the trans and cis isomers, three trans-13C isotopologues, and ten excited vibrational states of the trans form. Combining new millimeter and submillimeter data with those from the far-infrared region has yielded the most precise set of spectroscopic constants of trans-propenal obtained to date. Newly determined rotational constants, centrifugal distortion constants, vibrational energies, and Coriolis and Fermi interaction constants are given with high accuracy and were used to predict transition frequencies and intensities over a wide frequency range. Results of this work should facilitate astronomers further observation of propenal in the interstellar medium

The shape of D-glucosamine

The bioactive amino monosaccharide D-glucosamine has been generated in gas phase via laser ablation of D-glucosamine hydrochloride. Three cyclic α- 4C1 pyranose forms have been identified using Fourier transform microwave techniques. Stereoelectronic hyperconjugative forces – essentially linked with the anomeric or gauche effect – and cooperative OH…O, OH…N and NH…O chains, extended along the entire molecule, are found to be the main factors driving the conformational behavior. The orientation of the NH2 group within each conformer has been determined by the values of the nuclear quadrupole constants. The results have been compared with those recently obtained for the archetypical D-glucose

Estado y colonialidad: preguntas iniciales y primeros avances de investigación

El presente artículo presenta los avances del investigación del grupo "Estado y colonialidad" que se formó en 2013 con el propósito de discutir el potencial de la teoría y método descoloniales para pensar críticamente el Estado-Nación en los diversos contextos nacionales latinoamericanos. La teoría de la colonialidad del poder formulada originalmente por Aníbal Quijano a principios de los años 90, y ampliada posteriormente por la red latinoamericana-latina/o de intelectuales-activistas ligados a lo que se ha denominado Proyecto Modernidad/Colonialidad-Decolonialidad o también Giro Decolonial, es una de las propuestas epistémicas más debatidas en el escenario intelectual contemporáneo en América Latina. Especialmente en la región andina, esta propuesta ha sido y es central en el proceso de emergencia de nuevas perspectivas críticas, no sólo en el campo académico sino junto al accionar epistémico y político de los diferentes movimientos sociales.Mientras los últimos veinte años han tenido una copiosa producción crítica sobre las implicaciones de la colonialidad del poder respecto del saber, del género, del ser, y del lenguaje ; el problema de la autoridad política, creemos, no fue suficientemente analizado. En respuesta a esta falta, este Colectivo de Investigación se propone inscribir la potencialidad explicativa que contienen las elaboraciones teóricas y metodológicas de línea decolonial para la comprensión de la estructuración de Estados-Nación en América Latina.Fil: Bermúdez, Claudia Elizabeth. Universidad del Valle; ColombiaFil: Troya, Marisol. Universidad de Buenos Aires; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín; ArgentinaFil: Vacca, Laura Celina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Veronelli, Gabriela Alejandra. University of Binghamton; Estados Unidos. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Altos Estudios Sociales; Argentin

Ultra-deep 31.0-50.3 GHz spectral survey of IRC+10216

51 pags., 43 figs., 3 tabs.Context. The carbon-rich envelope of the asymptotic giant branch star CW Leo, IRC+10216, is one of the richest molecular sources in the sky. Available spectral surveys below 51 GHz are more than 25 years old, and new work is needed. Aims. Characterizing the rich molecular content of this source, specially for heavy species, requires carrying out very sensitive spectral surveys at low frequencies. In particular, we have achieved an rms in the range 0.2-0.6mK per MHz. Methods. Long Q band (31.0-50.3 GHz) single-dish integrations were carried out with the Yebes-40m telescope using specifically built receivers. The most recent line catalogs were used to identify the lines. Results. The data contain 652 spectral features, corresponding to 713 transitions from 81 species (we count the isomers, isotopologs, and ortho/para species separately). Only 57 unidentified lines remain with signal-to-noise ratios ≤3. Some new species and/or vibrational modes have been discovered for the first time with this survey. Conclusions. This IRC+10216 spectral survey is by far the most sensitive survey carried out to date in the Q band. It therefore provides the most complete view of IRC+10216 from 31.0 to 50.3 GHz, giving unique information about its molecular content, especially for heavy species. Rotational diagrams built from the data provide valuable information about the physical conditions and chemical content of this circumstellar envelope.We thank Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain for funding support through projects PID2019-106110GB-I00, PID2019- 107115GB-C21/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PID2019-106235GB-I00, and grant FJCI-2016-27983 for CB. We also thank ERC for funding through grant ERC-2013-Syg-610256-NANOCOSMOS. M.A. thanks MICIU for grant RyC2014-16277

Using radioastronomy techniques and cold plasmas to study transient and stable molecular species of astrophysical interest: a proof of concept.

45th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics. European Physical Society Conference on Plasma Physics. 2-6 July. Prague, Czech Republic(2018. --. https://eps2018.eli-beams.eu/en

Protocolo de manejo de pancreatitis aguda. Hospital Universitario San Ignacio (HUSI) Bogotá

La pancreatitis aguda es la inflamación aguda del páncreas con grado variable de compromiso de los tejidos regionales y diferente grado de compromiso sistémico. Se utilizan como definiciones las establecidas en el consenso de Atlanta.8-2

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (n = 143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (n = 152), or no hydrocortisone (n = 108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (n = 137), shock-dependent (n = 146), and no (n = 101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707