Odun dışı bitkisel ürünler için gerçek tarife bedelinin saptanmasının gerekliliği, olabilirliği ve muhtemel fırsatları

Consistent with the changes and the increase in demand for the forests in the society, utilization of forest products became significant. Non-wood herbal products, which constitute a significant part among non-wood forestry products, is an important source of income for State Forest Enterprises and forestry industry in domestic and international markets, however non-wood herbal products are generally neglected in the Turkish forestry industry. Within the scope of the study, it was aimed to determine the income earned from the sales of Vaccinum sp., Arumitalicum, Galanthus woronowii and Cyclamen sp. species which are produced under the Sürmene State Forestry Enterprise management and the proportional distribution of these incomes between channel members. The share received from income of distribution channel members was determined by evaluating data obtained from Sürmene State Forestry Enterprise Production Tables and the records of a joint-stock company trading non-wood herbal products in Sürmene via percentage analysis method. In Turkey, an analysis of distribution of income among the members of non-wood herbal products distribution channels would reflect an unfair distribution. Most of the revenues are kept by wholesalers and especially retailers if present, while raw material producer State Forestry Enterprise and raw material gatherer forest villagers do not get their fair share. One of the major problems behind this is the low tariff prices. The extremely law tariff rates adversely affects the economic success of State Forestry Enterprise and active and productive use of resources by the enterprise. To resolve these problems, the actual tariff rates should be calculated for non-wood herbal products and the production and trade of these products should be conducted based on these rates and enforced policies should support rural development.Günümüzde toplumun ormanlara yönelik talebinin değişmesi ve artmasına koşut olarak odun hammaddesi faydalanmasının yanında odun dışı orman ürünlerine yönelik faydalanma da önem kazanmıştır. Odun dışı orman ürünleri içerisinde önemli bir yer tutan odun dışı bitkisel ürünler ülke içi ve dışı pazarlar göz önüne alındığında, devlet orman işletmeleri ve ormancılık sektörü için önemli bir gelir kaynağı olmakta ve fakat odun dışı bitkisel ürünler, Türkiye ormancılık sektöründe gereken önemi görememektedir. Çalışma kapsamında, Trabzon Bölge Müdürlüğü’ne bağlı Sürmene Devlet Orman İşletmesinin, üretimini gerçekleştirdiği ayı üzümü, sıklamen, yılanyastığı ve kardelen türlerinden elde edilen gelirlerin belirlenmesi ve elde edilen gelirlerin, dağıtım kanalında yer alan kanal üyeleri arasındaki oransal dağılımının ortaya konulması amaçlanmıştır. Sürmene Devlet Orman İşletme Müdürlüğü üretim cetvelleri ve Sürmene’de odun dışı bitkisel ürünlerin ticaretini yapmakta olan tek bir anonim şirketin kayıtlarından elde edilen veriler, yüzde çözümlemesi yöntemiyle değerlendirilerek dağıtım kanalı üyelerinin gelirden aldığı paylar belirlenmiştir. Odun dışı bitkisel ürünlerin dağıtım kanallarında yer alan kanal üyeleri arasındaki gelir dağılımı incelendiğinde adil olmayan bir dağılımın mevcut olduğu görülmektedir. Elde edilen gelirin ağırlıklı bir kısmı toptancılarda ve özellikle varsa perakendecilerde kalmakta, hammadde toplayıcısı orman köylüleri ve hammadde üreticisi Devlet Orman İşletmesi bu paylaşımdan hakça bir pay alamadığı görülmektedir. Bunun altında yatan önemli kök sorunlardan biri, tarife bedelinin düşüklüğüdür. Tarife bedelinin bu derece düşük olması, Devlet Orman İşletmelerinin iktisadi başarısını düşürmekte ve kaynaklarını etkin ve verimli kullanılmasını olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu olumsuzlukların düzeltilmesi için odun dışı bitkisel ürünlerin gerçek tarife bedelleri hesaplanmalı, bu ürünlerin üretimi ve ticareti bu bedel üzerinden yapılmalı ve uygulanan politikalar, kırsal kalkınmayı da destekleyecek şekilde olmalıdır

Osmanlı ve Cumhuriyet tarihinde arzuhalcilik

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2016.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Yiğit, Aslı

Using GRACE Terrestrial Water Storage Data for Groundwater Flow Model Calibration of Alaşehir-Sarıgöl Sub-Basin, Turkiye

Water resources are under immense stress due to the continuous increase of anthropogenic and natural pressures. Therefore, effective water management backed by advanced tools and methods is essential for the sustainability of water resources. One of these tools is groundwater flow modeling, which can be used to estimate changes in groundwater storage. In this study, we propose an approach to improve groundwater flow modeling by supporting model calibration with remote sensing data. The approach is demonstrated on the Alaşehir-Sarıgöl sub-basin in the east of the Gediz River Basin, a water-stressed basin in western Turkiye. A MODFLOW-2005 based flow model is constructed to determine time series hydraulic head changes and aquifer storage. The model simulation period is from 2013 to 2021. The groundwater recharge input of the model is obtained by a remote sensing-supported water balance method (Batkan et al., 2022). Except for precipitation data measured at meteorological stations, other model parameters are remote sensing products. Evapotranspiration is obtained from the MODIS Global Evapotranspiration product (MOD16A2), and soil water content and runoff are obtained from the ERA-5 Land Model reanalysis dataset. Hydraulic parameters such as hydraulic conductivity and storage coefficient are determined as a result of the calibration of the groundwater flow model. Model performance is improved by using terrestrial water storage (TWS) data from NASA's GRACE mission in the calibration of the storage coefficient. TWS represents the total water content above and below ground in the unconfined aquifer, therefore data needs to be adjusted to obtain an estimate of groundwater storage. Streams in the region can be ignored as a contributor to the TWS as they are intermittent and have typically low discharges. The soil water content in the unconfined aquifer is determined using ERA-5 data. The calibrated model RMSE value is 7.4 m, which was subsequently improved to lower values after the conjunctive use of the GRACE-derived TWS data. </p

Türkiye’de aşık kültürü ve bağlama yapımının tarihi

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2015.This work is a student project of the The Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.by Aslan, Mustafa Çağatay

A Modular Chain Bioreactor Design for Fungal Productions

Plastic bag bioreactors are single-use bioreactors, frequently used in solid culture fermentation. This study developed plastic bag bioreactors with more effective aeration conditions and particular connection elements that yield sensors, environmental control, and modular connectivity. This bioreactor system integrates the bags in a chain that circulates air and moisture through filtered connections. Within the present scope, this study also aimed to reveal that cultures in different plastic bags can be produced without affecting each other. In this direction, biomass production in the modular chain bioreactor (MCB) system developed in this study was compared to traditional bag systems. In addition, contamination experiments were carried out between the bags in the system, and it was observed that the filters in the developed system did not affect the microorganisms in different bags.<br

Elevated Interleukin‐17A expression in amlodipine‐induced gingival overgrowth

WOS:000563549300001PubMed: 32173874Background and objectives Amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker derivative, is frequently used by patients with high blood pressure. Studies reported that it can induce gingival overgrowth. However, the underlying mechanism is not fully described yet. Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is known as a proinflammatory cytokine, but current studies indicate that it has a role in fibrotic disorders and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The aim of this study was to figure out the possible role of IL-17A in amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth. Materials and methods Twenty-nine (29) individuals participated in the study, and they were assigned into 3 groups based on medical status and clinical periodontal examination; 9 patients with amlodipine-induced gingival overgrowth, 11 patients with inflammatory gingival overgrowth, and 9 healthy individuals as a control group. Clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), and gingival overgrowth index (GOI) were recorded. Blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained. Gingival tissues were taken by appropriate periodontal surgery following initial periodontal therapy. To detect IL-17A on tissue samples, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed. Quantitative analysis was done, and the expression level of IL-17A was given as the percent positively stained cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits were used to analyze IL-17A in serum and GCF samples. Results All recorded clinical parameters were significantly higher in gingival overgrowth groups compared with control. Evaluation of inflammation on tissue sections did not show any significant change within the groups. Immunohistochemistry findings showed that IL-17A expression was increased in amlodipine samples (81.90%) compared with control samples (42.35%) (P < .001). There was an increase in the inflammatory group (66.08%) which is significantly less than the amlodipine group (P < .05). IL-17A levels in serum and GCF samples were not different within the study groups. Conclusion In this study, elevated IL-17A expression regardless of inflammation shows that amlodipine might cause an increase of IL-17A in gingival tissues. This increase might induce fibrotic changes and EMT in gingival overgrowth tissues. The association of IL-17A with fibrosis and EMT in gingival tissues requires further investigation.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Ankara, TurkeyTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK)The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK), Ankara, Turkey