Growth and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes and asymptomatic celiac disease treated with a gluten -free diet for 1 year

To compare growth and glycemic control in children with type 1 diabetes and silent celiac disease treated with a gluten-free diet for 1 year with those of similar age and gender with type 1 diabetes but without celiac disease, 16 type 1 diabetes patients with silent celiac disease were enrolled and each celiac disease-positive case was matched for age, sex, and duration of diabetes with two type 1 diabetes controls with negative serologic markers of celiac disease. All 16 children with positive celiac disease serology had histologic features consistent with celiac disease despite the absence of symptoms. The mean growth and metabolic control values were similar between children with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease and those with type 1 diabetes but without celiac disease. This study seems to suggest that the early diagnosis of celiac disease and initiation of a gluten-free diet may prevent further deterioration in the nutritional status of children with type 1 diabetes and celiac disease and may reduce the prospect of celiac disease complications without any impact on type 1 diabetes control

Deficiency of immunoregulatory indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 in juvenile diabetes

A defect in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1), which is responsible for immunoregulatory tryptophan catabolism, impairs development of immune tolerance to autoantigens in NOD mice, a model for human autoimmune type 1 diabetes (T1D). Whether IDO1 function is also defective in T1D is still unknown. We investigated IDO1 function in sera and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from children with T1D and matched controls. These children were further included in a discovery study to identify SNPs in IDO1 that might modify the risk of T1D. T1D in children was characterized by a remarkable defect in IDO1 function. A common haplotype, associated with dysfunctional IDO1, increased the risk of developing T1D in the discovery and also confirmation studies. In T1D patients sharing such a common IDO1 haplotype, incubation of PBMCs in vitro with tocilizumab (TCZ) - an IL-6 receptor blocker - would, however, rescue IDO1 activity. In an experimental setting with diabetic NOD mice, TCZ was found to restore normoglycemia via IDO1-dependent mechanisms. Thus, functional SNPs of IDO1 are associated with defective tryptophan catabolism in human T1D, and maneuvers aimed at restoring IDO1 function would be therapeutically effective in at least a subgroup of T1D pediatric patients.The authors wish to thank patients and subjects who participated in this study, as well as nurses and staff of the Pediatric Clinic of S. Maria della Misericordia Hospital (Perugia), Juvenile Diabetes Center-Anna Meyer Children's Hospital (Florence), Unit of Endocrinology and Diabetes-'Bambino Gesu' Children's Hospital (Rome), Hopital Necker-Enfants Malades (Paris), and Diabetes and Metabolism Service-University Hospital Centre of Coimbra (Coimbra). The authors wish also to thank Roberto Gerli for the gift of TCZ, Giovanni Ricci for histologies, and Francisco Carrilho and Eduarda Coutinho for providing and processing, respectively, DNA samples from the Portuguese cohorts. This work was supported by the European Research Council (338954-DIDO to UG) and, in part, by Associazione per l'Aiuto ai Giovani con Diabete Italia e dell'Umbria (to UG) and the Northern Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the Portugal 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) (NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000013 to AC) and the Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (contracts IF/00735/2014 to AC, and SFRH/BPD/96176/2013 to CC).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Corrigendum: The silent epidemic of diabetic ketoacidosis at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents in italy during the covid-19 pandemic in 2020(Front. Endocrinol., (2022), 13, (878634), 10.3389/fendo.2022.878634)

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A Multicenter Retrospective Survey regarding Diabetic Ketoacidosis Management in Italian Children with Type 1 Diabetes

We conducted a retrospective survey in pediatric centers belonging to the Italian Society for Pediatric Diabetology and Endocrinology. The following data were collected for all new-onset diabetes patients aged 0-18 years: DKA (pH < 7.30), severe DKA (pH < 7.1), DKA in preschool children, DKA treatment according to ISPAD protocol, type of rehydrating solution used, bicarbonates use, and amount of insulin infused. Records (n = 2453) of children with newly diagnosed diabetes were collected from 68/77 centers (87%), 39 of which are tertiary referral centers, the majority of whom (n = 1536, 89.4%) were diagnosed in the tertiary referral centers. DKA was observed in 38.5% and severe DKA in 10.3%. Considering preschool children, DKA was observed in 72%, and severe DKA in 16.7%. Cerebral edema following DKA treatment was observed in 5 (0.5%). DKA treatment according to ISPAD guidelines was adopted in 68% of the centers. In the first 2 hours, rehydration was started with normal saline in all centers, but with different amount. Bicarbonate was quite never been used. Insulin was infused starting from third hour at the rate of 0.05-0.1 U/kg/h in 72% of centers. Despite prevention campaign, DKA is still observed in Italian children at onset, with significant variability in DKA treatment, underlying the need to share guidelines among centers

Some remarks on sparse graph codes for packet loss recovery

Abstract—In this paper we provide some novel design techniques for sparse-graph-based erasure correcting codes. The paper is focused on codes based on sparse graph belonging to the category of the so-called generalized low-density parity-check (G-LDPC) codes. Some design insights are provided for multiedge type G-LDPC codes based on protographs. The performance assessment of some G-LDPC codes is carried out by use of both simulation and analytic tools, showing the capacity-approaching performance of the presented code designs on the uncorrelated binary erasure channel (BEC)

Broadband satellite multimedia

The broadband satellite multimedia (BSM) architecture standardised by ETSI defines a satellite independent service access point (SI-SAP) interface layer that separates the satellite independent features of the upper layers from the satellite dependant features of the lower layers, and provides a mechanism to carry IP-based protocols over these satellite dependent lower layers. This enables interoperability at the IP layer between satellite systems of different physical and link layers technologies that fully comply with the SI-SAP concept. This study reviews past and current standardisation activities including the BSM quality of service (QoS) architecture, security architecture, network management that have been carried out by the ETSI Technical Committee-Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (TC-SES)/BSM working group and looking into the future to extend current SI-SAP functions that can enhance existing QoS provision and security management capabilities as well as proposing a mobility management architecture that complies with the IEEE 802.21 media independent handover framework to support BSM mobility and to allow integration of satellite networks with fixed and mobile network infrastructures. A service-based network management architecture is also proposed to allow management flexibility and integration of business and operation support functions, paving the way for satellite integration into the Internet of the future

Method for transferring data packet in satellite communication network, involves performing interference-free reception of one of replica data packet to receiver, and removing replica of interference-free data packet

The method involves sharing a transmission channel to a receiver (60) by users (10,20,30,40). The time domain is divided into timeslots for user. Two replica data packets are transmitted to receiver in each timeslot. The interference-free reception of one of replica data packet is performed to receiver. The replica of the interference-free data packet is removed. The replica data packets are transmitted to receiver within a time window. The starting of time window is determined for each user, and is defined by the start of each timeslot to which data packet is to be sent for user