The topological description of coronal magnetic fields

Determining the structure and behavior of solar coronal magnetic fields is a central problem in solar physics. At the photosphere, the field is believed to be strongly localized into discrete flux tubes. After providing a rigorous definition of field topology, how the topology of a finite collection of flux tubes may be classified is discussed

Interaction Of Electrons With Spin Waves In The Bulk And In Multilayers

The exchange interaction between electrons and magnetic spins is considerably enhanced near interfaces, in magnetic multilayers. As a result, a dc current can be used to generate spin oscillations. We review theory and experimental evidence. The s-d exchange interaction causes a rapid precession of itinerant conduction-electron spins s around the localized spins S of magnetic electrons. Because of the precession, the time-averaged interaction torque between s and S vanishes. An interface between a magnetic layer and a spacer causes a local coherence between the precession phases of differnt electrons, within 10 nm from the interface, and restores the torque. Also, a second magnetic layer with pinned S is used to prepare s in a specific direction. the current-induced drive torque of s on S in the active layer may be calculated from the spin current (Slonczewski) or from the spin imbalance Delta-mu (Berger). Spin current and Delta-mu are proportional to each other, and can arise from Fermi-surface translation, as well as from expansion/contraction.Comment: Invited paper at Seattle MMM01 Conference, Nov. 2001 (to appear in J. Appl. Phys.

Rethinking Advocacy Training

This article examines advocacy teaching methodology and how to impart to students and beginning attorneys the methods and approaches that experienced trial lawyers use

Rethinking Advocacy Training

This article examines advocacy teaching methodology and how to impart to students and beginning attorneys the methods and approaches that experienced trial lawyers use

Letters and Postcards We Wished We Had Sent to Gary Bellow and Bea Moulton

To celebrate the 25th anniversary of the publication of Gary Bellow\u27s and Bea Moulton\u27s The Lawyering Process, this essay consists of eleven letters and postcards about how The Lawyering Process inspired the writing of the authors’ books - Pretrial Advocacy: Planning, Analysis & Strategy and Trial Advocacy: Planning, Analysis & Strategy. Alas, this correspondence is imaginary because that exchange of ideas did not take place. This method was inspired by the medieval letters of Abelard and Heloise and the modern-day fictional postcards and letters of Griffin and Sabine. Tracing the evolution of their thoughts from first reading the Bellow and Moulton text, the authors describe the specific ways in which The Lawyering Process stimulated the writing of their own books. These include both the organizational structure of the authors’ books and their emphasis on narrative. As they journey in this new, high-tech millennium, the authors hope that the familiar genre of letters and postcards provides both an entertaining, voyeuristic voyage into their minds and hearts as writers, and a fitting tribute to the bold, creative enterprise that was The Lawyering Process