Limited pollen flow and high selfing rates toward geographic range limit in an Atlantic forest bromeliad

Bromeliaceae is a Neotropical family that evolved ecological key innovations in association with extensive adaptive radiation. Its species present a variety of different mating system strategies varying within and among species, within genera and subfamilies. Also, species with a wide geographical range can display large variation in mating system, reproductive success and genetic diversity. Here we combined data from hand pollinations and genetic analysis to assess outcomes of contemporary gene flow and mating system variation at the range edge of Vriesea gigantea. Results from pollen germination rates showed that this species is cryptically self-incompatible. Hand-pollination experiments and genetic analysis of progeny arrays revealed that V. gigantea has a mixed mating system, with high selfing rates (s = 0.612), and high inbreeding coefficient (F = 0.372). Inbreeding in V. gigantea at southern edge of its distribution range was caused by high levels of selfing rather than by mating among relatives. Moreover, strong pollen pool genetic structure was observed (Φ’FT = 0.671), with an increase from north to south. The parameters observed help us to understand historical and ecological conditions under which V. gigantea has experienced moderate to high levels of selfing in the face of reduced pollen flow from central to peripheral populations due to recent southward range expansion

Genetic diversity and population structure of Vriesea reitzii (Bromeliaceae), a species from the Southern Brazilian Highlands

The Southern Brazilian Highlands are composed by a mosaic of Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF) and grassland formations, an interesting landscape for the study of population structure. We analyzed the genetic diversity within and among populations of the MOF-endemic bromeliad Vriesea reitzii by genotyping seven nuclear microsatellite loci in 187 individuals from six populations. We characterized levels of genetic diversity and assessed the genetic structure among populations. Vriesea reitzii populations showed high levels of genetic variation (number of alleles 28 - 43, allelic richness 3.589 - 5.531) and moderate levels of genetic differentiation (FST = 0.123, RST = 0.096). The high levels of genetic diversity may be explained by species life-history traits, such as habit and mating system. The moderate structure may be a product of the combination of ancient and contemporary gene flow, resulting from the expansion of the forest in the Holocene, and/or due to facilitated dispersal mediated by the MOF’s mosaic landscape. The genetic results indicated no imminent threat to this bromeliad. However, the species is highly associated with the MOF, putting landscape conservation at the center of conservation efforts for the species’ maintenance

IAPT chromosome data 31

Marhold, Karol. Slovak Academy of Sciences. Institute of Botany. Science and Biodiversity Centre. Bratislava, Slovak Republic.Kučera, Jaromír. Slovak Academy of Sciences. Institute of Botany. Science and Biodiversity Centre. Bratislava, Slovak Republic.Melo, Camila Aguiar. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Instituto de Biociências. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Almeida, Erton Mendonça de. Federal University of Paraíba. Department of Biological Sciences. Areia, Paraíba, Brazil.Alves, Lânia Isis Ferreira. Instituto Nacional do Semi Árido (INSA). Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil.An’kova, Tatyana V. Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS. Zolotodolinskaya Str. Novosibirsk, Russia.Bered, Fernanda. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular. Instituto de Biociências. Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.Rua, Gabriel Hugo. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomía. Departamento de Recursos Naturales y Ambiente. Cátedra de Botánica Sistemática. Buenos Aires, Argentina.1374-1380IAPT Chromosome Data is a regular column in Taxon that publishes vouchered chromosome counts and ploidy level estimates, providing that the contributions fulfil some basic quality requirements

Índice meiótico e viabilidade do pólen em linhagens sintéticas de trigo em comparação com cultivares comerciais de T. aestivum

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Development, characterization, and transferability of SSR markers for Vriesea carinata (Bromeliaceae) based on RNA sequencing

Premise of the Study: Expressed sequence tag–simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers were isolated for Vriesea carinata, an endemic bromeliad from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. These SSR loci may be used to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of this species and related bromeliads. Methods and Results: Based on the transcriptome data of V. carinata, 30 primer pairs were designed and selected for initial validation. Of these primer pairs, 16 generated suitable SSR loci in 69 individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from one to 13; the levels of observed and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.000 to 1.000 and from 0.000 to 0.935, respectively. All loci produced heterologous amplification. Transferability of the loci was tested in 15 species belonging to three Bromeliaceae subfamilies. Conclusions: The developed EST-SSR markers revealed polymorphism in the four studied populations and could be useful to investigate the genetic diversity of V. carinata and related species. The markers may also be suitable for novel gene annotation and discovery

Morphological characterization of a nucellar population from 'Montenegrina' mandarin

A tangerineira ‘Montenegrina’ é uma das cultivares mais importantes no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Visando à seleção de variedades com características distintas, uma população nucelar obtida através da autopolinização da tangerineira 'Montenegrina' foi avaliada quanto às características de plantas, folhas e frutos. Embora de origem nucelar, a população avaliada apresentou ampla variação e diferenças significativas foram observadas entre algumas plantas nucelares e a cultivar ’Montenegrina’ em formato de planta, de folhas, no diâmetro, altura, massa e número de sementes em frutos; porém, quanto à maturação, estes seguiram o padrão da cultivar ‘Montenegrina’, ou seja, da segunda quinzena de agosto a outubro, com índice de maturação de 8 a 16 e percentagem de suco superior a 40 %. Embora diferenças morfológicas em plantas, folhas e frutos tenham sido observadas, estas não ocorreram na maturação dos frutos, não permitindo a identificação de plantas com maturação em épocas distintas da ‘Montenegrina’ e que pudessem ser avaliadas como novas cultivares.The tangerine cultivar ‘Montenegrina’ is one of the most important citrus cultivars in state of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state in Brazil. Large morphological variation in citrus species motivated the evaluation of a nucellar population obtained from autopollinated ‘Montenegrina’ mandarins. Plant morphology, leaf and fruit characteristics were described. Albeit coming from nucellar tissue, the evaluated population presented high dissimilarities in tree format, leaf and fruit external appearance. However, with relation to ripening period the fruits of the nucellar population had similar behavior to that of the standard cultivar ‘Montenegrina’, i. e., ripening from the second half of August until October with a ripening index in between 8 and 16. Juice percentage was about 40 %. Consequently it was not possible to distinguish plants, which could eventually be regarded as a new cultivar, from that nucellar population with ripening pattern different from that of the standard cultivar ‘Montenegrina’

Characterization of wheat germplasm through the cycle and height adaptive characters

A caracterização de variabilidade genética é essencial para qualquer programa de melhoramento. O conhecimento dos genótipos permite que o melhorista planeje seus cruzamentos objetivando a ampliação da variância genética. O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar e agrupar o germoplasma de trigo disponível para o melhorista do Sul do Brasil através dos caracteres adaptativos ciclo e estatura. Foram avaliados 53 genótipos e evidenciada uma redução significativa dos dois caracteres analisados no decorrer das últimas décadas. O agrupamento dos genótipos revelou a formação de cinco grupos principais, constituídos, basicamente, de cultivares da mesma época de recomendação para cultivo.Identification of genetic variability is crucial in any breeding program. The knowledge of genotypes helps the breeder in planning crosses aiming to increase genetic variance. The objective of this study was to identify and cluster useful wheat germplasm through the adaptive characters heading date and plant height. Fifty-three wheat genotypes which revealed a significant decrease of both characters in the last years were evaluated. The dendrogram clustered five groups composed mainly of cultivars of the same era of release

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Avaliações morfológicas na identificação de indivíduos zigóticos provenientes da autopolinização da tangerineira 'Montenegrina'

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