Alterações no padrão cronológico e sequencial de erupção na dentição permanente: revisão narrativa

Tese mestrado, Medicina Dentaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Dentária,2020A cronologia e a sequência de erupção da dentição decídua e permanente são marcos importantes no desenvolvimento da criança. Desvios significativos das normas aceites para os tempos de erupção devem ser alvo de atenção por parte do clínico, no sentido de diagnosticar precocemente e minimizar as consequências prejudiciais decorrentes desses desvios. Esta revisão tem o objetivo de analisar o padrão cronológico e sequencial da erupção dos dentes permanentes, identificar possíveis fatores etiológicos para a sua variabilidade e possíveis associações com fatores locais e sistémicos, bem como parâmetros clínicos sugestivos de alterações na erupção. Realizou-se uma pesquisa na base de dados eletrónica MEDLINE, aplicando os seguintes filtros: publicações com resumos disponíveis, em inglês, português, espanhol, romeno, russo e referentes à dentição permanente na espécie humana, sem restrição de data de publicação. A pesquisa gerou 567 resultados. Após leitura dos resumos, foram selecionados 98 artigos. A amostra consistiu em 79 estudos, 9 revisões e 10 relatos de casos clínicos. Além do significativo controlo genético, fatores como doenças sistémicas, hormonas, nascimento prematuro, malnutrição crónica, bifosfonatos, radiação ionizante, experiência de cárie, excesso de peso, morfologia craniofacial, etnia e género influenciam o processo de erupção estão associados a alterações do padrão cronológico e sequencial da erupção, no entanto são necessários mais estudos longitudinais para estabelecer uma relação de causalidade e precisar o seu efeito na erupção dentária permanente. A experiência de cárie na dentição decídua e o estado de erupção do dente permanente contralateral representam dois parâmetros clínicos, úteis no diagnóstico de possíveis alterações de erupção. A ausência ou deformação do canal gubernacular nas imagens de tomografia computorizada de feixe cónico constitui um forte preditor de erupção anómala ou falha de erupção.The timing and sequence of eruption of deciduous and permanent dentition are important milestones during a child’s development. Significant deviation from the established norms should raise clinician’s concern, prompting an early diagnosis to minimize negative consequences of the eruption disturbances. The scope of this review is to analyze the chronological and sequential permanent teeth eruption pattern, identify the aetiology behind its variability, identify how certain local and systemic factors affect the eruption pattern, as well as clinical parameters predicting eruption disturbances. A search was conducted on electronic database MEDLINE, through available abstract publications, in English, Portuguese, Spanish, Romanian and Russian, on human permanent dentition eruption. The search generated 567 results, having been selected 98 articles after abstract reading. The sample consisted of 79 studies, 9 reviews and 10 case reports. Despite significant genetic control, systemic diseases, hormones, premature birth, chronic malnutrition, bisphosphonates, ionizing radiation, caries experience, excessive weight, craniofacial morphology, ethnicity, and gender are associated with variability of the timing and sequence of the permanent teeth eruption pattern. To fully understand how these factors affect the eruption process, further studies of longitudinal nature are needed to identify a causal relationship. Caries experience in primary dentition, and the eruption status of the contralateral tooth represent two clinical parameters, useful for diagnosing possible eruption disturbances. The absence or deformation of the gubernacular canal on cone beam computed tomography imaging can be a strong predictor of anomalous eruption or failure of eruption

Análise qualitativa de lamas de ETAR e competitividade económica dos processos de tratamento e escoamento: caso da ETAR da Guia

Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente - Tecnologias Ambientais - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThe purpose of this project was to conduct a survey for the established measureable parameters of Guia WWTP’s operations, focusing on the sludge treatment process and analyse the sewage sludge management and recycling model, aiming to an idealized sustainable one based upon viable economical and financial solutions. According to values contained in the most representative operational efficiency of sludge treatment and production parameters, alternative options to the currently used disposal site by the Guia WWTP for the disposal sewage sludge were presented and debated. Moreover, it is considered a perspective of optimization, namely, for the waste management process final phase (purified sludge), according to the possibility of the implementation of the treatment techniques presently recognized and efficiently applied, though, considering sizing and exploitation particularities of the concerning facilities. However, the used methodology including an extensive literature review, allowed a systemic qualitative screening of the produced sewage sludge at the WWTP, technical searching and relevant statistical data analysis allowed the systemic trace/pursue of the quantitative and qualitative markers on the generated sludge. The associated costs projected estimation culminated in an option ranking according to each technical-economical performance criteria, abiding to the legal requirements and suitable to the WWTP’s installed operating capacity

O laboratório de química na escola brasileira: uma abordagem histórica

Este trabalho não tem como objetivo insistir na importância do laboratório como facilitador da aprendizagem da Ciência Química, algo de certo já apontado à exaustão em um número infinito de produções acadêmicas nas últimas décadas. Tem como foco, no entanto, responder à pergunta: como e por que o laboratório surge como uma “necessidade pedagógica” na Escola? relacionando-o à formação social e econômica brasileira, com ênfase no período compreendido entre 1808, data da chegada da Família Real ao Brasil, e as três primeiras décadas do século XX. A pesquisa, de caráter histórico e documental – pesquisa bibliográfica e análise das Reformas Educacionais até a Reforma Francisco Campos, de 1931 –, permite situar a mentalidade educacional brasileira, bem como apontar a configuração de forças políticas que determinavam o que, com que finalidade e para quem ensinar. Parte da hipótese de que a Escola deveria, tanto quanto a Ciência o fez no plano das ideias e das práticas econômicas, incumbir-se de construir um “homem novo”, afinado com o ideal liberal-burguês consolidado no rastro das Revoluções Industriais europeias. O desenvolvimento capitalista experimentado nas economias centrais reproduz-se no Brasil de forma peculiar e é no curso das imensas contradições na formação da nossa modernidade, conservadora e tardia, que se deve entender nosso próprio desenvolvimento científico e seus reflexos na Escola. Considerar a transição histórica em que isso se processou é fundamental para questionar o perfil desse “homem novo”, encarnado nos traços claramente positivistas que nortearam o avanço da pedagogia científica brasileira, cujo entendimento deve contribuir para a compreensão crítica das finalidades de atividades experimentais em sala de aula de Química na atualidade

Management of Diabetic Retinopathy and Other Ocular Complications in Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes can reduce vision by affecting various parts of the eye. Proactive, interdisciplinary coordination of treatment and timely referrals can aid in the minimization of visually threatening complications, significantly enhancing patient quality of life. The main causes of visual impairment in diabetes are proliferative diabetic retinopathy and macular edema. Until recently, the mainstay of treatment for both conditions was retinal laser, which prevented significant vision loss but was much less effective at improving vision, especially in macular edema. Over the past decade, exciting new advances in treating diabetic eye disease, namely intraocular steroid and antivascular endothelial growth factor injections, have greatly improved the visual prognosis for the majority of patients with diabetic eye disease

La campaña contra los sacerdotes pederastas (1880-1912): un ejemplo de «pánico moral» en la España de la Restauración

This article analyses the campaign promoted by the anticlerical republican press in Restoration Spain against the abuses committed by «paedophile» priests. Based on approximately 400 news items on the subject, taken from the anticlerical press of the time (1880-1912), a total of 151 cases related to pederasty abuses perpetrated by the clergy have been verified. The methodology used is based on the American sociology of «moral panics». After introducing the problem, the sources and chronology, the phases that mark the construction process of this moral panic regarding pederast priests are delineated. Attention is then drawn to the parallelism between the aforementioned journalistic campaign and the growing anticlerical offensive between 1898 and 1912. Finally, the journalistic crusade against paedophile priests is analysed as a political catalyst for struggles that also involve the domination of gender, age and social clas

Uncovering the unmentionable vice: Male homosexuality, race and class in Spain's Golden Age

This study examined male homosexuality in Spain during the early modern period in the context of social structures, race relations and gender assumptions. Since men who engaged in homosexual activity also contended with issues of status and ethnicity, the analysis focused on the interaction between their sexuality and their public personae. From this baseline, the study also examined public and official attitudes towards homosexual practices and how they shifted on the basis of social hierarchy. Over five hundred sodomy trials from the Aragonese Inquisition were examined, alongside a range of supporting archival and manuscript evidence. The use of sodomy trials allowed for an exploration of attitudes concerning the explosive mix of sexuality and hierarchy in three distinctive groups: the people of cities and towns who accused individuals of sodomy, the inquisitors who tried the latter, and the accused themselves. The analysis showed that early modern men defined sexuality on the basis of gender assumptions that upheld the masculinity of the active, usually older partner. The combination of a masculinity of penetrative sexuality and status within the community meant that homosexuality could both uphold or subvert hierarchies depending on the social identities of the active and passive partners in intercourse. Moreover, Aragonese people displayed a tendency to denounce outsiders to their communities. Inquisitorial judges, however, while demonstrating leniency towards these targets of popular persecution, reserved the harshest punishments for those who specifically challenged order by engaging in active sodomy with a social superior. These two differing strategies that separated the objectives of accusers from those of judges highlight the heterogeneous and diffuse nature of the process by which differing groups sought to impose particular views of required social order. Homosexuality in early modern Aragon emerges as a space that tested the boundaries of hierarchy and also reflected the structure of the social milieu that contextualized it

Determining Insanity in the Inquisition: Sensory Perception and Legal Culture in Seventeenth-Century Lima

Based on trial records from the Lima tribunal in the seventeenth century, this article examines the Inquisition’s difficulties in determining legal insanity. Focusing on detailed analyses of reports on suspects’ mental capacities reveals how institutional cultures and legal traditions intersected with sensory processes in an ambiguous fashion that would result in conflicted opinions on the matter. After all, not only were the repercussions momentous to judges intent on stamping out heresy, but they also largely relied on the equivocal perception and interpretation of sensory stimuli. Keywords: Inquisition, Peru, insanity, sensory perception.Basado en causas inquisitoriales de la Inquisición de Lima durante el siglo XVII, este artículo examina las dificultades que encontraba el tribunal para determinar la existencia de locura como figura legal en sus reos. El análisis detallado de informes acerca de las capacidades mentales de los reos demuestra cómo la cultura institucional y las tradiciones legales interactuaban con procesos sensoriales de una manera ambigua y que daba lugar a conflictos y opiniones encontradas al respecto. Al fin y al cabo, no solo entrañaba la determinación de la locura sendas repercusiones para inquisidores tan dados al combate contra la herejía, sino que al mismo tiempo la cuestión estaba ligada a procesos equívocos de percepción e interpretación de signos sensoriales. Palabras clave: Inquisición, Perú, locura, percepción sensorial