Implementasi manajemen bimbingan konseling di MAN Binjai

<p>Number of municipalities with yellow fever vaccine recommendations and municipalities in which vaccination against yellow fever was recommended during a yellow fever outbreak, by time period, number of municipalities affected and resident population.</p

Surveillance for yellow Fever virus in non-human primates in southern Brazil, 2001-2011: a tool for prioritizing human populations for vaccination.

In Brazil, epizootics among New World monkey species may indicate circulation of yellow fever (YF) virus and provide early warning of risk to humans. Between 1999 and 2001, the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul initiated surveillance for epizootics of YF in non-human primates to inform vaccination of human populations. Following a YF outbreak, we analyzed epizootic surveillance data and assessed YF vaccine coverage, timeliness of implementation of vaccination in unvaccinated human populations. From October 2008 through June 2009, circulation of YF virus was confirmed in 67 municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul State; vaccination was recommended in 23 (34%) prior to the outbreak and in 16 (24%) within two weeks of first epizootic report. In 28 (42%) municipalities, vaccination began more than two weeks after first epizootic report. Eleven (52%) of 21 laboratory-confirmed human YF cases occurred in two municipalities with delayed vaccination. By 2010, municipalities with confirmed YF epizootics reported higher vaccine coverage than other municipalities that began vaccination. In unvaccinated human populations timely response to epizootic events is critical to prevent human yellow fever cases

Políticas de saúde materna no Brasil: os nexos com indicadores de saúde materno-infantil Maternal health policies in Brazil: relations to maternal and child health indicators

Desde o início do processo de medicalização diversos esforços ocorreram para a perpetuação da força de trabalho. Uma das medidas para o exercício do controle estatal foi a institucionalização do parto. Com isso, o entendimento sobre os processos fisiológicos e patológicos referentes à gestante, ao parto e ao recém-nascido avançou nos campos científico e tecnológico, permitindo a intervenção médica para melhoria das condições de saúde materno-infantil. O presente estudo se propõe a identificar as principais legislações que fundamentaram a formulação e a execução de políticas públicas para a saúde materno-infantil no Brasil, a partir da década de 1980, além de estabelecer as relações dessas políticas com indicadores de mortalidade materna e neonatal, no período de 1996 a 2005. Uma pesquisa documental foi realizada para identificar as principais legislações aprovadas e políticas implementadas pelo Ministério da Saúde relacionadas à saúde materno-infantil; enquanto os dados referentes aos indicadores de saúde foram coletados nas bases de dados do SINASC e SIM e disponibilizados on-line. Concluiu-se que as políticas públicas geradas no seio da sociedade pelos movimentos sociais na década de 1980, apesar de seus limites, culminaram na consolidação de diversas leis e programas de saúde voltados à atenção materno-infantil e estas tiveram papel importante na organização dos sistemas e serviços de saúde, de modo a refletir na melhoria dos indicadores de mortalidade neonatal nos anos 1990 e 2000. Entretanto, a persistência dos elevados índices de mortalidade materna leva ao questionamento inevitável de que as políticas de gênero não têm conseguido êxito tão significativo.<br>Since the beginning of the medicalization process, there has been a huge effort towards the maintenance of the working force. One of the measures taken to control the work forces was the institutionalization of delivery. With this, knowledge concerning the physiological and pathological processes of the pregnant woman and of the newborn evolved so much that it allowed medical intervention focusing on the improvement of maternal and child health. The present study aims to identify the main laws and regulations, dating from 1980 onwards, which act as the basis to the creation and execution of public health policies towards pregnant women and newborns in Brazil. It also proposes to discuss the relation between these policies and maternal and child mortality from 1996 to 2005. A documental research was performed to identify the main laws and policies implemented by the Health Ministry regarding Maternal and Child Health. Information on health indicators was extracted from SIM and SINASC databases, available on-line. It is possible to conclude that the policies generated in society by social movements in the 1980s ended up consolidating many laws and health policies aiming at maternal and child health These had an important role in the organization of health services and systems, improving neonatal mortality indicators in the 1990s. However, the persistence of high maternal mortality rates brings the inevitable question: why have the female gender policies not been so successful in the last years

Práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida

O estudo buscou analisar a literatura publicada referente às práticas alimentares no primeiro ano de vida de filhos de mães adolescentes, por meio de uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados Lilacs, Medline e Cochrane, no período de 2000 a 2010. Foram utilizadas as palavras-chave: adolescente, aleitamento materno, alimentação mista e nutrição do lactente, sendo selecionados onze artigos científicos, que compuseram a amostra do estudo. Os resultados apontaram a incipiência de pesquisas publicadas sobre o tema proposto, sobretudo para as que versam sobre alimentação complementar, desvelando uma lacuna na produção mundial sobre o tema. Novas pesquisas, portanto, precisam ser desenvolvidas com foco em mães adolescentes, devendo-se explorar a alimentação infantil em toda sua dimensão

Timeliness of yellow fever vaccine recommendations.

<p>Dates of reported deaths or epizootics among non-human primates and onset of illness for confirmed human yellow fever cases in nine municipalities identified as the Probable Place of Infection for confirmed cases, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, October, 2008 to June, 2009.</p><p>* Note: Denotes interval (in days) from first reported epizootic to collection of YFV-positive specimens. No specimens were obtained from initial investigations on 21 January 2009 in Santa Cruz do Sul and Vera Cruz. Specimens collected on 3 and 14 February from Santa Cruz do Sul and on 19 February 2009 from Vera Cruz tested negative for the presence of YFV.</p

Temporal and geographic spread of yellow fever epizootics involving deaths of non-human primates, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, October, 2008 to June, 2009.

<p>(Shading corresponds to municipalities with confirmed yellow fever epizootics in non-human primates).</p