Graph embedding in SYNCHEM2, an expert system for organic synthesis discovery

AbstractGraph embedding (subgraph isomorphism) is an NP-complete problem of great theoretical and practical importance in the sciences, especially chemistry and computer science. This paper presents positive test results for techniques to speed embedding by modeling graphs with subroutines, precalculating edge tables, turning recursion into iteration, and using search-ordering heuristics.The expert system synchem2 searches for synthesis routes of organic molecules without the online guidance of a user, and this paper examines how embedding information helps to implement the central operations of synchem2: selection, application, and evaluation of chemical reactions. The paper also outlines the architecture of synchem2, analyzes the computational time complexity of embedding and related problems in graph isomorphism and canonical chemical naming, and suggests topics and techniques for further research

Coping with Joyce: essays from the Copenhagen symposium

Essays from the Tenth International James Joyce Symposium held in Copenhagen in 1986(print) xviii, 280 p. : port. ; 24 cmIntroduction ix -- Abbreviations xvii -- MAJOR ADDRESS -- 1. Joyce's Heliotrope Margot Norris 3 -- 2. Joyce the Verb Fritz Senn 25 -- 3. The Joycead Colbert Kearney 55 -- 4. Inscribing James Joyce's Tombstone Bernard Benstock 73 -- 5. Joyce and Modernist Ideology Robert Scholes 91 -- CRITICAL STUDIES -- 6. Farrington the Scrivener : A Story of Dame Street Morris Beja 111 -- 7. The Language of Exiles Give Hart 123 -- 8. And the Music Goes Round and Round : A Couple of New Approaches to Joyce's Uses of Music in Ulysses Zack Bowen 137 -- 9. "Roll Away the Reel World, the Reel World" : "Circe" and Cinema Austin Briggs 145 -- 10. Images of the Lacanian Gaze in Ulysses Sheldon Brivic 157 -- 11. Jellyfish and Treacle : Lewis, Joyce, Gender, and Modernism Bonnie Kime Scott 168 -- 12. The Letter Selfpenned to One's Other : Joyce's Writing, Deconstruction, Feminism Ellen Carol Jones 180 -- 13. Simulation, Pluralism, and the Politics of Everyday Life Jules David Law 195 -- 14. Joyce's Pedagogy: Ulysses and Finnegans Wake as Theory Patrick McGee 206 -- 15. From Catechism to Catachresis : Aspects of Joycean Pedagogy in Ulysses and Finnegans Wake Lorraine Weir 220 -- 16. ALP's Final Monologue in Finnegans Wake : The Dialectical Logic of Joyce's Dream Text Kimberly Devlin 232 -- 17. Shahrazade, Turko the Terrible, and Shem : The Reader as Voyeur in Finnegans Wake Henriette Lazaridis Power 248 -- 18. The Wakes Confounded Language Derek Attridge 262 -- Contributors 269 -- Index 27

The reliability of pseudoneglect is task dependent

Funding: This work was supported by the University of St. Andrews and by Wellcome Trust Institutional Strategic Support Funds (105621/Z/14/Z).Bisection tasks that require individuals to identify the midpoint of a line are often used to assess the presence of biases to spatial attention in both healthy and patient populations. These tasks have helped to uncover a phenomenon called pseudoneglect, a bias towards the left-side of space in healthy individuals. First identified in the tactile domain, pseudoneglect has been subsequently demonstrated in other sensory modalities such as vision. Despite this, the specific reliability of pseudoneglect within individuals across tasks and time has been investigated very little. In this study, we investigated the reliability of response bias within individuals across four separate testing sessions and during three line bisection tasks: landmark, line bisection and tactile rod bisection. Strong reliability was expected within individuals across task and session. Pseudoneglect was found when response bias was averaged across all tasks, for the entire sample. However, individual data showed biases to both left and right, with some participants showing no clear bias, demonstrating individual differences in bias. Significant, cross-session within-individual reliability was found for the landmark and tactile rod bisection tasks respectively, but no significant reliability was observed for the line bisection task. Alongside this, no significant cross-task within-individual reliability was observed. These results highlight the inconsistent nature of pseudoneglect within individuals, particularly across sensory modality. They also provide strong support for the use of the landmark task as the most reliable measure of pseudoneglect.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Dancing Greek Antiquity in Private and Public: Isadora Duncan's Early Patronage in Paris

This paper maps Isadora Duncan’s navigation of public and private venues, audiences, and receptions of “Greek” dances from her early career in Paris. I explore Duncan's relationship with Paris’ lesbian communities and the proliferation of ancient Greek dance in both private and public venues. Through comparisons to her contemporaries I contend that Duncan was aware of her early audiences’ interest in exotic and erotic representations of antiquity, and that she realigned these aspects of her art in later writings to appeal to changing aesthetics and interpretations of antiquity

Self/image: reading the visual in Atwood's fictive autobiographies

Margaret Atwood's extensive back catalogue includes a group of fictive autobiographies, each engaged in a self-reflexive consideration of the problems involved in writing a life story. These fictive meta-autobiographies consciously critique any act of self-representation within narrative in a radical challenge to phallogocentric models of life-writing and truth-telling. This group of texts (including Cat's Eye [1988], Lady Oracle [1976], The Handmaid's Tale [1985], and The Blind Assassin [2000], as well as some of Atwood's poetry) also incorporates a dominant use of visual images, particularly photographs: each extending questions involving the "real," the "copy," origination, attribution, and authority. These questions open up new ways of considering how text and image conspire to defer certainty in the objective and subjective "real," as Atwood's visual texts prove to be as duplicitous as the language through which they are narrated. This article connects with critical accounts of life-writing and with Susan Sontag's reflections on photography in order to discuss the status of the visual image as an agent of representation within any autobiographical account

Prophetic Reading: Sisterhood and Psychoanalysis in H.D.’s HERmione

This article offers a comparative reading of H.D.’s 1927 kunstlerroman à clef, HERmione, and Freud’s Dora alongside an intertextual close reading of its dense web of literary allusions in order to argue that it offers a sustained critique of Freudian psychoanalysis and an alternative origin story for the condition of hysteria. Drawing on the notion of prophecy as it is thematised in the novel, the article demonstrates H.D.’s prefiguring of Juliet Mitchell’s recent reconfiguration of hysteria as a response to, replacement by, or failure of identification with a sibling

Sub-100-nm negative bend resistance ballistic sensors for high spatial resolution magnetic field detection

We report the magnetic field detection properties of ballistic sensors utilizing the negative bend resistance of InSb∕In(1−x)Al(x)Sb quantum well cross junctions as a function of temperature and geometric size. We demonstrate that the maximum responsivity to magnetic field and its linearity increase as the critical device dimension is reduced. This observation deviates from the predictions of the classical billiard ball model unless significant diffuse boundary scattering is included. The smallest device studied has an active sensor area of 35×35 nm(2), with a maximum responsivity of 20 kΩ∕T, and a noise-equivalent field of [Formula: see text] at 100 K

Extreme value analysis of ultrasonic thickness measurements

Modern infrastructure and industrial plants have a finite design life. Their effective and profitable operation depends on well organised maintenance and condition assessments. Non-destructive evaluation and inspection is a key tool for condition assessment. However, despite best efforts, full inspection coverage of a plant is not always possible because of access problems, time constraints and limited budgets. Many inspection companies are beginning to use partial coverage inspection (PCI) techniques to solve this problem. PCI describes the use of inspection data collected from a small area of the component to extrapolate to the condition an the rest of the component. Extreme value analysis (EVA) is a technique of particular interest for this application as it allows an inspector to construct a statistical model of the smallest thickness measurements across the component. This model can then be used to extrapolate to the most likely minimum thickness. In this thesis, an analysis of the uncertainties that can arise when using EVA for extrapolation is performed. A clear outline of the uncertainties expected to result from EVA extrapolation is presented and it is made usable for inspectors. In addition, a simple test algorithm to analyse when EVA is suitable for a set of inspection data is described. It is hoped that the work described in this thesis will enhance confidence in the practical use of the technique in the field. Furthermore, the effect of surface roughness on ultrasonic thickness measurements is investigated with joint experimental and computational studies. It is shown that the thickness measurement distribution can differ significantly from the actual thickness distribution, particularly for the smallest values of thickness and with rougher surface conditions. Consequently, extrapolations from extreme value models using ultrasonic thickness data are shown to be conservative compared to the true condition of the component.Open Acces

Extreme value analysis (EVA) of inspection data and its uncertainties

Extreme value analysis (EVA) is a statistical tool to estimate the likelihood of the occurrence of extreme values based on a few basic assumptions and observed/measured data. While output of this type of analysis cannot ever rival a full inspection, it can be a useful tool for partial coverage inspection (PCI), where access, cost or other limitations result in an incomplete dataset. In PCI, EVA can be used to estimate the largest defect that can be expected. Commonly the return level method is used to do this. However, the uncertainties associated with the return level are less commonly reported on. This paper presents an overview of how the return level and its 95% confidence intervals can be determined and how they vary based on different analysis parameters, such as the block size and extrapolation ratio. The analysis is then tested on simulated wall thickness data that has Gaussian and Exponential distributions. A curve that presents the confidence interval width as a percentage of the actual return level and as a function of the extrapolation ratio is presented. This is valid for the particular scale parameter (σ ) that was associated with the simulated data. And for this data it was concluded that, in general, extrapolations to an area the size of 500–1000 times the inspected area result in acceptable return level uncertainties (<20% at 95% confidence). When extrapolating to areas that are larger than 1000 times the inspected area the width of the confidence intervals can become larger than 30–50% of the actual return level. This was deemed unacceptable: for the example of wall thickness mapping that is used throughout this paper, these uncertainties can represent critical defects of nearly through wall extent. The curve that links the confidence interval width to the return value as a function of extrapolation ratio is valid only for a particular scale parameter value of the EVA model. However, it is imagineable that a few of such relations for different scale parameters σ could be simulated. By picking the relation with the closest σ value (based on observation or estimation) for the inspection dataset, the presented approach can then be used to quickly estimate the uncertainty associated with an EVA extrapolation