Growth simulation and yield prediction for perennial jujube fruit tree by integrating age into the WOFOST model

peer reviewedMathematical models have been widely employed for the simulation of growth dynamics of annual crops, thereby performing yield prediction, but not for fruit tree species such as jujube tree (Zizyphus jujuba). The objectives of this study were to investigate the potential use of a modified WOFOST model for predicting jujube yield by introducing tree age as a key parameter. The model was established using data collected from dedicated field experiments performed in 2016–2018. Simulated growth dynamics of dry weights of leaves, stems, fruits, total biomass and leaf area index (LAI) agreed well with measured values, showing root mean square error (RMSE) values of 0.143, 0.333, 0.366, 0.624 t ha−1 and 0.19, and R2 values of 0.947, 0.976, 0.985, 0.986 and 0.95, respectively. Simulated phenological development stages for emergence, anthesis and maturity were 2, 3 and 3 days earlier than the observed values, respectively. In addition, in order to predict the yields of trees with different ages, the weight of new organs (initial buds and roots) in each growing season was introduced as the initial total dry weight (TDWI), which was calculated as averaged, fitted and optimized values of trees with the same age. The results showed the evolution of the simulated LAI and yields profiled in response to the changes in TDWI. The modelling performance was significantly improved when it considered TDWI integrated with tree age, showing good global (R2≥0.856, RMSE≤0.68 t ha−1) and local accuracies (mean R2≥0.43, RMSE≤0.70 t ha−1). Furthermore, the optimized TDWI exhibited the highest precision, with globally validated R2 of 0.891 and RMSE of 0.591 t ha−1, and local mean R2 of 0.57 and RMSE of 0.66 t ha−1, respectively. The proposed model was not only verified with the confidence to accurately predict yields of jujube, but it can also provide a fundamental strategy for simulating the growth of other fruit trees

Olaparib plus Bevacizumab as First-Line Maintenance in Ovarian Cancer

Olaparib has shown significant clinical benefit as maintenance therapy in women with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer with a mutation. The effect of combining maintenance olaparib and bevacizumab in patients regardless of mutation status is unknown. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, international phase 3 trial. Eligible patients had newly diagnosed, advanced, high-grade ovarian cancer and were having a response after first-line platinum-taxane chemotherapy plus bevacizumab. Patients were eligible regardless of surgical outcome or mutation status. Patients were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to receive olaparib tablets (300 mg twice daily) or placebo for up to 24 months; all the patients received bevacizumab at a dose of 15 mg per kilogram of body weight every 3 weeks for up to 15 months in total. The primary end point was the time from randomization until investigator-assessed disease progression or death. Of the 806 patients who underwent randomization, 537 were assigned to receive olaparib and 269 to receive placebo. After a median follow-up of 22.9 months, the median progression-free survival was 22.1 months with olaparib plus bevacizumab and 16.6 months with placebo plus bevacizumab (hazard ratio for disease progression or death, 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 0.72; P<0.001). The hazard ratio (olaparib group vs. placebo group) for disease progression or death was 0.33 (95% CI, 0.25 to 0.45) in patients with tumors positive for homologous-recombination deficiency (HRD), including tumors that had mutations (median progression-free survival, 37.2 vs. 17.7 months), and 0.43 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.66) in patients with HRD-positive tumors that did not have mutations (median progression-free survival, 28.1 vs. 16.6 months). Adverse events were consistent with the established safety profiles of olaparib and bevacizumab. In patients with advanced ovarian cancer receiving first-line standard therapy including bevacizumab, the addition of maintenance olaparib provided a significant progression-free survival benefit, which was substantial in patients with HRD-positive tumors, including those without a mutation. (Funded by ARCAGY Research and others; PAOLA-1 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02477644.)

Chemotherapeutic errors in hospitalised cancer patients: attributable damage and extra costs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In spite of increasing efforts to enhance patient safety, medication errors in hospitalised patients are still relatively common, but with potentially severe consequences. This study aimed to assess antineoplastic medication errors in both affected patients and intercepted cases in terms of frequency, severity for patients, and costs.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A 1-year prospective study was conducted in order to identify the medication errors that occurred during chemotherapy treatment of cancer patients at a French university hospital. The severity and potential consequences of intercepted errors were independently assessed by two physicians. A cost analysis was performed using a simulation of potential hospital stays, with estimations based on the costs of diagnosis-related groups.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among the 6, 607 antineoplastic prescriptions, 341 (5.2%) contained at least one error, corresponding to a total of 449 medication errors. However, most errors (n = 436) were intercepted before medication was administered to the patients. Prescription errors represented 91% of errors, followed by pharmaceutical (8%) and administration errors (1%). According to an independent estimation, 13.4% of avoided errors would have resulted in temporary injury and 2.6% in permanent damage, while 2.6% would have compromised the vital prognosis of the patient, with four to eight deaths thus being avoided. Overall, 13 medication errors reached the patient without causing damage, although two patients required enhanced monitoring. If the intercepted errors had not been discovered, they would have resulted in 216 additional days of hospitalisation and cost an estimated annual total of 92, 907€, comprising 69, 248€ (74%) in hospital stays and 23, 658€ (26%) in additional drugs.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our findings point to the very small number of chemotherapy errors that actually reach patients, although problems in the chemotherapy ordering process are frequent, with the potential for being dangerous and costly.</p

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Analyse dynamique de la cinétique de décroissance des marqueurs tumoraux sériques en cours de traitement au moyen de la modélisation et de la cinétique de population

Several cancers are associated with abnormal serum concentrations of tumor markers such as prostate specific antigen (PSA) in prostate tumor diseases, alfa-fetoprotein (AFP) or human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in germ cell tumors or persistent gestational trophoblastic diseases (GTD). Cancer treatment should induce decline of serum tumor marker concentrations. The predictive values of many kinetic parameters supposed to characterize tumor marker declines such as nadir, time-point cutoff, half-life, time to normalization etc…, have been reported in previous studies. However very few of them have been used in routine due to the lack of outcome reproducibility. Population pharmacokinetic approach-based modeling is already used in pharmacokinetic studies. It might be helpful to characterize tumor marker decline equations dynamically and overcome limitations of previous studies. The feasibility and the relevance of this approach were assessed in 4 studies involving: PSA titers in patients with prostate adenoma or cancer treated with surgery; hCG-AFP in non-seminomatous germ cell tumor patients treated with BEP regimen (Bleomycin-Etoposide-Cisplatin) and hCG in GTD patients treated with methotrexate. Tumor marker decline modeling was feasible in all studies provided the methodology was adjusted to marker specificities. Apparent clearance of hCG and PSA might enable identification of patients with unfavorable decline profiles and thereby with high risk of relapse. Confirmatory studies with independent cohorts of patients are warrantedPlusieurs cancers sont associés à des concentrations sériques anormales de marqueurs tumoraux, tels que le prostate specific antigen (PSA) dans le cancer de prostate, l’alfafoetoproteine (AFP) ou l’human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) dans les tumeurs germinales ou les maladies trophoblastiques gestationnelles (MTG). Le traitement du cancer doit s’accompagner d’une chute de leurs concentrations. Les valeurs prédictives de nombreux paramètres cinétiques censés caractériser la décroissance des marqueurs ont été publiées dans la littérature (nadir, valeur seuil, demi-vie, temps à normalisation etc…) Cependant très peu de ces paramètres sont utilisés en pratique par manque de reproductibilité. La modélisation en approche de cinétique de population, déjà utilisée dans les études pharmacocinétiques, permettrait de caractériser de façon dynamique la décroissance des marqueurs tumoraux sériques et de compenser les limites des autres méthodes. Nous avons étudié la faisabilité et l’intérêt de cette approche dans 4 études portant sur le PSA après chirurgie d’adénome ou de cancer de la prostate, l’hCG-AFP dans les tumeurs germinales non-séminomateuses traitées par polychimiothérapie de type Bléomycine-Etoposide- Cisplatine (BEP) et l’hCG dans les MTG traitées par méthotrexate. La modélisation de la décroissance des marqueurs tumoraux a été possible dans toutes les études en adaptant la méthodologie aux spécificités de chaque marqueur. Il apparaît que les clairances apparentes du PSA et de l’hCG permettraient d’identifier les patients ayant des profils cinétiques défavorables et donc à haut risque de rechute. Des études de validation sur des cohortes indépendantes sont nécessaire

La qualité de rédaction des articles rapportant des essais de phase III en oncologie médicale (quel rôle pour le biostatisticien ?)

La qualité de rédaction de 357 articles rapportant des essais de phase Ill en oncologie médicale publiés entre 200~ et 2009 a été évaluée en fonction de leur adhérence aux recommandations CONSORT. Les biostatisticiens responsables des essais ont été identifiés en contactant par e-mail les auteurs des articles. Les items lies à la méthodologie des essais, qui sont les plus importants pour évaluer la validité interne des essais, étaient rarement correctement détaillés. La qualité de rédaction des manuscrits s'améliorait entre 2005 et 2009. La publication dans un journal avec un facteur d'impact élevé et l'origine géographique hors Amérique du nord étaient également associées à une meilleure adhérence aux critères CONSORT. Nous n'avons pas pu mettre en évidence de relation entre l'adhérence aux critères CONSORT et l'implication d'un biostatisticien dans la rédaction des manuscrits. Au cours de notre analyse, nous avons pu identifier plusieurs limites à l'interprétation des résultats des essais de phase Ill en lien avec la rédaction des manuscrits. Nous recommandons que les journaux publiant des essais de phase Ill en oncologie exigent une adhérence plus stricte aux critères CONSORT et mettent à disposition les protocoles des essais.LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Pharmacocinétique de l'étoposide et survie globale dans les cancers bronchiques à petites cellules (une étude multicentrique)

LYON1-BU Santé (693882101) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Patent Classification using Extreme Multi-label Learning: A Case Study of French Patents

International audienceMost previous patent classification methods have treated the task as a general text classification task, and others have tried to implement XML (extreme multi-label learning) methods designed to handle vast numbers of classes. However, they focus only on the IPC subclass level, which has fewer than 700 labels and is far from "extreme." This paper presents a French Patents corpus INPI-CLS extracted from the INPI internal database. It contains all parts of patent texts (title, abstract, claims, description) published from 2002 to 2021, with IPC labels at all levels. We test different XML methods and other classification models at the subclass and group levels of the INPI-CLS dataset with about 600 and 7k labels, respectively, demonstrating the XML approach's validity to patent classification

Exploring Data-Centric Strategies for French Patent Classification: A Baseline and Comparisons

National audienceThis paper proposes a novel approach to French patent classification leveraging data-centric strategies. We compare different approaches for the two deepest levels of the IPC hierarchy: the IPC group and subgroups. Our experiments show that while simple ensemble strategies work for shallower levels, deeper levels require more sophisticated techniques such as data augmentation, clustering, and negative sampling. Our research highlights the importance of language-specific features and data-centric strategies for accurate and reliable French patent classification. It provides valuable insights and solutions for researchers and practitioners in the field of patent classification, advancing research in French patent classification