EFFETS DU SOUTIEN AU TELETRAVAIL SUR LES CHANGEMENTS DANS L’ENGAGEMENTAFFECTIF POST COVID-19 DES SALARIES

La pandémie du COVID-19 a été, depuis son déclenchement en mars 2020, porteuse d’une forte accélération des transformations managériales dans la plupart des secteurs au Maroc (industrie, transport & logistique, éducation, …), notamment la digitalisation des process et le travail à distance, que l’on appelle « télétravail », et qui n’était pas une activité légiférée par le code du travail marocain. Le travail à distance, représente pour l’entreprise une solution favorable au maintien de son activité dans un contexte sanitaire contraignant. Mais, pour le salarié, bien que ce soit une opportunité de préserver son emploi, il représente un changement, perçu quelquefois comme imposé. C’est un nouveau mode de travail auquel il n’est pas habitué et qui comporte des risques : imbrication de la vie privée et la vie personnelle, manque de sociabilisation entre collègues, dépression, ...). Tout cela peut provoquer une montée du stress chez l’individu et risque d’impacter son bien-être et son engagement envers l’entreprise. Dans cet article, nous tenterons de clarifier l’impact du soutien au travail sur les changements dans l’engagement affectif des salariés envers leur organisation. Ceci, en réponse au télétravail imposé par la pandémie du COVID 19. Nous tenterons également d’examiner les interactions possibles des traits de personnalité (auto-évaluation et orientation temporelle) dans la relation entre télétravail et engagement affecti

Breast tuberculosis: a case report

Mammary tuberculosis is a rare disease that affects young women during the genital period, usually between the ages of 20 and 40 years, and remains rare in postmenopausal women. Its risk factors are multiparity, breastfeeding, breast trauma and chronic mastitis. Depending on the mode of contamination, there are 2 forms of mammary tuberculosis: primary or secondary. On ultrasound, breast tuberculosis often appears as a heterogeneous hypoechoic image, poorly limited with minimal posterior enhancement. It may also appear as a hypoechoic, homogeneous or heterogeneous image, well limited with posterior enhancement and some calcifications. Histological criteria suggestive of breast tuberculosis are the presence of epithelioid follicles and Langhans-type giant cells, which may or may not be associated with caseous necrosis. A certain number of diagnoses must be eliminated before the diagnosis of breast tuberculosis can be made, in particular breast cancer; it should be noted that the literature describes forms associating cancer and breast tuberculosis, hence the need for a histological study of the breast tissue in order to eliminate an associated carcinoma. It poses diagnostic and therapeutic problems. Current treatment is based on antituberculosis chemotherapy sometimes associated with surgery. The evolution of the disease is usually favourable with a well conducted treatment

Expression analysis of mitotic spindle checkpoint genes in breast carcinoma: role of NDC80/HEC1 in early breast tumorigenicity, and a two-gene signature for aneuploidy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Aneuploidy and chromosomal instability (CIN) are common abnormalities in human cancer. Alterations of the mitotic spindle checkpoint are likely to contribute to these phenotypes, but little is known about somatic alterations of mitotic spindle checkpoint genes in breast cancer.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To obtain further insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying aneuploidy in breast cancer, we used real-time quantitative RT-PCR to quantify the mRNA expression of 76 selected mitotic spindle checkpoint genes in a large panel of breast tumor samples.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The expression of 49 (64.5%) of the 76 genes was significantly dysregulated in breast tumors compared to normal breast tissues: 40 genes were upregulated and 9 were downregulated. Most of these changes in gene expression during malignant transformation were observed in epithelial cells.</p> <p>Alterations of nine of these genes, and particularly <it>NDC80</it>, were also detected in benign breast tumors, indicating that they may be involved in pre-neoplastic processes.</p> <p>We also identified a two-gene expression signature (<it>PLK1 </it>+ <it>AURKA</it>) which discriminated between DNA aneuploid and DNA diploid breast tumor samples. Interestingly, some DNA tetraploid tumor samples failed to cluster with DNA aneuploid breast tumors.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study confirms the importance of previously characterized genes and identifies novel candidate genes that could be activated for aneuploidy to occur. Further functional analyses are required to clearly confirm the role of these new identified genes in the molecular mechanisms involved in breast cancer aneuploidy. The novel genes identified here, and/or the two-gene expression signature, might serve as diagnostic or prognostic markers and form the basis for novel therapeutic strategies.</p

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Synostose mandibulo-maxillaire ou syngnathia.

La fusion mandibulo-maxillaire congénitale ou syngnathia est une malformation rare. Le premier cas a été décrit en 1936, et depuis, seuls quelques cas ont été rapportés dans la littérature. La syngnathia est secondaire à la formation d’une membrane ectopique qui provoque une adhérence soit fibreuse soit osseuse entre le processus alvéolaire maxillaire et mandibulaire, et elle se traduit par une impossibilité d’ouvrir la bouche à la naissance. Les problèmes posés par cette malformation concernent essentiellement la prise en charge de l’alimentation, et des voies respiratoires à court terme, et la croissance et le développement facial et celui des dents à plus long terme. Dans ce travail nous rapportons 03 nouveaux cas de syngnathia colligés au service des urgences chirurgicales pédiatriques de l’hôpital d’enfant de Rabat entre 2010 et 2012, les caractéristiques clinique et paraclinique sont présentées ainsi que la prise en charge chirurgicale et le suivi

Doc2Vec &Naïve Bayes: Learners’ Cognitive Presence Assessment through Asynchronous Online Discussion TQ Transcripts

Due to the lack of face to face interaction in online learning environment, this article aims essentially to give tutors the opportunity to understand and analyze learners’ cognitive behavior. In this perspective, we propose an automatic system to assess learners’ cognitive presence regarding their social interactions within synchronous online discussions. Combining Natural Language Preprocessing, Doc2Vec document embedding method and machine learning techniques; we first make some transformations and preprocessing to the given transcripts, then we apply Doc2Vec method to represent each message as a vector that will be concatenated with LIWC and context features. The vectors are input data of Naïve Bayes algorithm; a machine learning method; that aims to classify transcripts according to cognitive presence categories

Determinants and effects or consequences of internal HIV-related stigma among people living with HIV in Morocco

International audienceBackground: HIV-related stigma and discrimination constitute a barrier to different intervention programs. Unlike external stigma, internal stigma is not well explored in in the Middle East and North African countries, while grasping this particular form of stigma is essential to limit its effects. The present study aims to measure internal stigma effects and to identify factors associated with this kind of stigma not yet documented among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Morocco. Methods: The PLHIV Stigma Index questionnaire (adapted and translated into French and Moroccan Arabic dialect "darija") was used to collect information regarding the stigma and discrimination experienced by PLHIV across 8 cities in Morocco (September-October 2016). A randomly drawn cluster of 10 PLHIV, consisting of 5 men and 5 women, was drawn at each participating medical care center to achieve a nationally representative sample of PLHI V. Fifteen interviewers living with HIV and five supervisors were selected and trained to administer the questionnaire. An internal stigma score (range: 0-7), was calculated based on seven negative feelings/ beliefs. Negative binomial regression was used to identify characteristics associated with the internal stigma score. Results: Among 626 PLHIV, internal stigma was reported by 88.2%. The median [IQR] internal stigma score was 4 [2-5]. Regarding internal stigma, 51% avoided going to the local clinic when needed and 44% chose not to attend social gatherings. Belonging to at least one key population (aIRR [95%CI] = 1.15 [1.03; 1.28]), experiencing discriminatory reactions from family following HIV status disclosure (1.28 [1.11; 1.49]), avoiding HIV services for fear of stigmatization by staff (1.16 [1.05; 1.28]) and being denied health services because of HIV status (1.16 [1.03;1.32]), are among the factors significantly associated with an increase of the internal stigma score. Conclusions: Internal stigma is high among Moroccan PLHIV and significantly impacting their life decisions and their healthcare access. Multi-level interventions are needed to address internal stigma experienced by PLHIV in Morocco