Análisis del abordaje de la neurosis desde el punto de vista de neuróticos anónimos.

Identificó el abordaje de la neurosis en las personas que asisten a Neuróticos Anónimos y comprobó la eficacia en los procesos de recuperación. El estudio se realizó en el Grupo de N.A. “Fuente de Paz”, ubicada en la 11 avenida 8-31, la Reformita zona 12 de la ciudad de Guatemala. Tuvo una duración de tres meses. La población estuvo integrada por hombre y mujeres, comprendidos en edades de 20 a 60 años. Las técnicas que se utilizaron para recopilar información fueron: la observación participante y los instrumentos que se utilizaron fueron: entrevistas estructurada, testimonios en relación al proceso de recuperación, el Test ¿Es usted Neurótico?, el inventario de ansiedad de Beck, test que se utiliza en neuróticos anónimos Test de Othmer y De Souza para la Detección del Trastorno de Somatización para evidenciar si se es neurótico y listas de cotejo. Se realizó el análisis de resultados y se concluyó que, El programa de Neuróticos Anónimos, posee un esquema que tiene 12 pasos y 12 tradiciones, las cuales describen la forma en como conocerse interiormente y de cómo deben ir sanando, se considera que el programa es completo, tiene gran potencial para ayudar a sanar la enfermedad de la neurosis

Evasión fiscal y deudas tributarias en las empresas constructoras de lima metropolitana, año 2017

La investigación realizada abordó un tema muy puntual y específico y que viene pasando actualmente en las empresas constructoras en general y está relacionado a las deudas tributarias que tienen estas empresas y que de alguna manera son generadas por la evasión de impuestos en las diversas modalidades en que se puede incurrir por parte de los administrados por la SUNAT. La investigación fue importante porque es un tema que afecta al estado, a los empresarios y empleados que trabajan asociados de alguna manera a este sector de empresas; algunas de las consecuencias de este manejo de tributos son las multas, intereses moratorios y sanciones a las que están sujetas las empresas del rubro y que puede afectar sus operaciones y su liquidez. La investigación fue de tipo aplicada, correlacional descriptiva y transversal. Se aplicó un instrumento (encuesta) a 91 personas que trabajan en estas empresas y posteriormente se procesó la información y se presentaron debidamente organizados y analizados e interpretados. La principal conclusión a la que se llegó fue que existe relación entre la evasión fiscal y las deudas tributarias en las empresas constructoras en Lima Metropolitana y que esta situación provoca dificultades tanto a las empresas como al estado al no contar con estos impuestos que son importantes para poder realizar obras sociales

Application and benchmarking of a direct method to optimize the fuel consumption of a diesel electric locomotive

[EN] This paper addresses the optimal control of a long-haul passenger train to deliver minimum-fuel operations. Contrary to the common Pontryagin minimum principle approach in railroad-related literature, this work addresses this optimal control problem with a direct method of optimization, the use of which is still marginal in this field. The implementation of a particular direct method based on the Euler collocation scheme and its transcription into a nonlinear problem are described in detail. In this paper, this optimization technique is benchmarked with well-known optimization methods in the literature, namely dynamic programming and the Pontryagin minimum principle, by simulating a real route. The results showed that the direct methods are on the same level of optimality compared with other algorithms while requiring reduced computational time and memory and being able to handle very complex dynamic systems. The performance of the direct method is also compared to the real trajectory followed by the train operator and exhibits up to 20% of fuel saving in the example route.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The authors acknowledge the support of Spanish Ministerio de Economı´a, Industria y Competitividad through project TRA2016-78717-R.Macian Martinez, V.; Guardiola, C.; Pla Moreno, B.; Reig, A. (2018). Application and benchmarking of a direct method to optimize the fuel consumption of a diesel electric locomotive. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part F Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit. 232(9):2272-2289. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954409718772133S22722289232

Advanced exergy analysis of a jet ejector refrigeration cycle used to cool down the intake air in an internal combustion engine

[EN] This paper describes a jet ejection cycle coupled to a 1.5 L diesel engine to reduce the intake air temperature using the waste heat of the exhaust gases. This cycle is evaluated by means of conventional and advanced exergy analysis. The conventional analysis allows to determine the origin and magnitude of the irreversibilities, whereas the advanced analysis sheds light on the mutual interdependencies between components and the real improvement potential considering technological limitations. From the conventional exergy analysis it is inferred that more than a half of exergy destruction is due to generator followed by ejector (one third part) and condenser. However, the advanced exergy analysis suggests that the ejector plays a prominent role because the avoidable endogenous part corresponds to 42% of total exergy destruction in that component whereas the avoidable part of exergy destruction in the generator is mostly exogenous (83%). Hence, exergy destruction could be significantly reduced if improvement efforts are focused on the ejector instead of other components like the generator.Authors want to acknowledge to the institution 'Conselleria d'Educacio, Investigacio, Cultura i Esport de la Generalitat Valenciana' and its grant program `Subvenciones para la contratacion de personal investigador de caracter predoctoral' for doctoral studies (ACIF/2018/124).Galindo, J.; Dolz, V.; Pla Moreno, B.; Ponce-Mora, A. (2020). Advanced exergy analysis of a jet ejector refrigeration cycle used to cool down the intake air in an internal combustion engine. International Journal of Exergy. 32(4):388-411. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJEX.2020.108948S38841132

Confiabilidad y validez de la Escala de Déficit Atencional (EDAH) adaptada en estudiantes chilenos

Antecedentes. Las necesidades de atención en salud mental infantil hacen necesario contar con estudios epidemiológicos que sirvan de base para perfeccionar las intervenciones y acrecentar el diagnóstico, con instrumentos fiables y adecuados al contexto. Objetivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala para la Evaluación del Trastorno por Déficit Atencional (EDAH), en escolares de primaria y secundaria de Chile. Método. Se evaluó una muestra de 508 alumnos (144 con Déficit Atencional, 110 con sospecha de padecerlo y 254 comunes) mediante un test completado por sus profesores. Resultados. La estructura factorial de la EDAH reveló tres factores que en conjunto explican el 71,61% de la varianza total de la escala, con un coeficiente Alfa de 0,948. Esto permite concluir que la adaptación de la escala presenta características psicométricas aceptables, una adecuada consistencia interna y que sus elementos poseen un adecuado poder discriminatorio. Discusión y conclusión. Se efectuó el estudio transversal de salud mental en escolares chilenos, el cual reveló que la escala EDAH adaptada posee alta capacidad de discriminación, adecuada fiabilidad de elementos y factores, además de presentar un óptimo poder discriminante entre factores. Se analizan las implicaciones y el posible aporte en la detección precoz del diagnóstico clínico en salud mental.Background. The needs of children’s mental health care make it necessary to have epidemiological studies that serve as a basis to refine the interventions and enhance the diagnosis with reliable and appropriate tools. Objective. The objective of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the scale for the assessment of the Attentional Deficit Disorder (ADHD) in primary and secondary schools in Chile. Method. A sample of 508 students (144 with Attentional deficits, 110 with suspected autism and 254 common) was assessed through a test completed by their teachers. Results. The factorial structure of the ADHD revealed that three factors explain together the 71.61 % of the total variance of the scale, with a coefficient alpha of 0,948. This allows us to conclude that the scale presents acceptable psychometric characteristics and adequate internal consistency, and that its elements have a suitable discriminatory power. Discussion and conclusion. The present study of mental health in Chilean schoolchildren revealed that the ADHD adapted scale possesses a high discriminant capacity and adequate elements and factors reliability, as well as an optimal discriminant power among factors. We analyze the implications and possible contribution to the early detection of clinical diagnosis in mental health

Fast estimation of diesel oxidation catalysts inlet gas temperature

With the tightening of on-board diagnostics requirements, accuracy of sensors is essential to monitor the efficiency and ensure a proper control of the after-treatment systems. Temperature sensors are commonly used in the exhaust line at the diesel oxidation catalyst-inlet of turbocharged diesel engines for control and diagnosis of the after-treatment system. In particular, negative temperature constant sensors are used for this purpose. However, due to the necessary robustness that on-board sensors must fulfil, thermal inertia causes significant differences during engine transient operating conditions in temperature measurements. A Kalman filter is proposed in this paper for the on-line dynamic estimation of the catalyst-inlet temperature, which combines a slow but accurate measurement of the on-board temperature sensor with a fast but drifted temperature model. A fast research-grade thermocouple is used as reference of the actual exhaust gas temperature as well as a frequency analysis is performed in order to calibrate the model and analyse results of the signal reconstruction. Results of the algorithm are then successfully proved in experimental transient tests and typical European approval test cyclesThis research has been partially financed by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad, through project TRA2013-40853-R PRELIMIT.Guardiola, C.; Dolz García, VM.; Plá Moreno, B.; Mora-Pérez, J. (2016). Fast estimation of diesel oxidation catalysts inlet gas temperature. Control Engineering Practice. 56:148-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2016.08.020S1481565

AFDX networks simulation-based evaluation system

Aircraft on-board systems, including navigation equipment, sensors and actuator, among others, present an increasingly demanding requirements on the avionics data communication networks. Moreover, the safety-critical needs of avionics make network requirement even more stringent. Also, prototyping and testing different network architectures and configurations pose a challenge due to the cost of the equipment. Furthermore, classical performance assessment relies solely on worst-case assessment, which do not provide detailed feedback. For these reasons, an evaluation system is proposed focusing on the simulation of Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet (AFDX) in order to help decrease the costs of the development of such networks.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Pollutant emissions from Euro 6 light duty vehicle tested under steady state and transient operation on a roller test bench with hydrogenated paraffinic and biodiesel fuels

[EN] The effort to implement more environmental-friendly fuels has been enhanced not only by the desire to reduce the greenhouse effects but also for public health issues. This paper studies the effects on pollutant emissions from a light-duty Euro 6 vehicle with four types of fuel: diesel (fossil origin, used as reference), biodiesel (renewable origin), Gas-to-Liquid (fossil origin) and farnesane (renewable origin). Both stationary engine and real-world driving cycles are studied. First, each fuel was tested in stationary modes in a vehicle test-bench and then tested in a realistic driving cycle with the same vehicle. This allows the separation the transient effects of the driving cycle from stationary results. Stationary tests lead to engine emission maps and driving cycle tests allow weighting the importance of each stationary condition during a realistic route. Instantaneous and cumulative CO, THC (total hydrocarbon), NOx and PN (particle number) emissions on route were obtained. The fuel that presented a highest level of emissions at stationary conditions was, for CO, diesel, for THC, diesel, for NOx, biodiesel and for PN, diesel. The behaviour of fuels during the driving cycles, from less pollutant to more pollutant, was: for CO, diesel, farnesane, GTL and biodiesel; for THC, GTL, farnesane, biodiesel, diesel. For NOx, farnesane and diesel (very similar values), GTL and biodiesel; for PN, GTL, biodiesel, farnesane and diesel.The authors would like to thank the funding provided by the Spanish Ministry of Science for RECUPERA project (Ref. RTI2018-095923-B-C21) and infrastructure (Ref. EQC2019-005675-P) , the donation of Farnesane fuel by AMYRIS, the donation of GTL fuel by SASOL and the discount provided by REPSOL in the purchase of diesel and biodiesel fuels.Fernández-Yáñez, P.; Soriano, JA.; Soto, F.; Armas, O.; Pla Moreno, B.; Bermúdez, V. (2022). Pollutant emissions from Euro 6 light duty vehicle tested under steady state and transient operation on a roller test bench with hydrogenated paraffinic and biodiesel fuels. Fuel. 323:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.12417311232