MODELLING SEGREGATION THROUGH CELLULAR AUTOMATA: A THEORETICAL ANSWER

This paper is a note in which we prove that Cellular Automata are suitable tools to model multi-agent interactive procedures. In particular, we apply the argument to validate results from simulation tools obtained for the classical model of segregation of Thomas Schelling (1971a).Cellular Automata, segregation, local information

Spatial disparities in productivity and industry mix: The case of the European regions

This paper applies nonparametric techniques in order to examine the evolution of the entire distribution of regional productivity in the European Union between 1977 and 1999. Likewise, we study the strength of the respective roles played by regional and sectoral factors in the convergence in productivity observed in the European context. To achieve this aim, we consider a new methodology involving a modification of conventional shift-share analysis and various results reported in the literature on personal income distribution. Our results suggest that regional inequality in productivity in the European Union is closely linked to intrinsic differences between regions. Likewise, the analyses performed reveal the major role played by the national component and the spatial dimension in the explanation of regional disparities in the product per worker in the European Union. In addition, our findings support the relevance of one-sector growth models for analysing regional disparities in per capita income.

Natural variation of ncHLAII molecules: challenges and perspectives

Identifying causal genetic variants for a given phenotype improves diagnosis and provides insights for designing therapies. However, defining the link and/or contribution to a phenotype of rare variants or those with an indirect contribution to disease remains challenging. These variants, however, are key for personalized and precision medicine strategies [1]. In this context, human leukocyte antigens of class II alleles (HLAIIs) facilitate activation of CD4+ T cells and are directly linked to various phenotypes. Non-classical HLAII (ncHLAII) molecules modulate HLAII function and their impact on T-cell responses. The contribution of ncHLAII to phenotypes has been investigated in knockout vs. wild-type cellular and animal models, and recent studies have shown that genetic variants altering the protein-coding regions of these molecules contribute to tuning of HLAII function [2]. These findings suggest that ncHLAII natural variants may play a key role in modulating immune mechanisms that affect human phenotypes

El análisis contable multidisciplinar: Aplicaciones del gráfico radial y la caja de Edgeworth en contabilidad

En el análisis contable de carácter económico-financiero se utilizan indicadores elaborados a partir de la información que representan las partidas contables con objetivo de alcanzar una significación financiera o económica de la situación patrimonial que reflejan los estados financieros. La falta de homogeneidad en sus aplicaciones ya sea por conveniencia del analista o por la especificación de la actividad económica a analizar, hace que sea discutible su validez y esté acompañada sistemáticamente de una explicación metodología que justifique su construcción y aplicación. Frente a estas limitaciones es posible utilizar una metodología general para el análisis contable si admitimos en el análisis contable formas alternativas de medir y valorar situaciones patrimoniales basadas en teorías existentes en otras disciplinas científicas abordando el carácter multidisciplinar de la Contabilidad. En este artículo demostramos como realizar un análisis contable multidisciplinar cuya validez descansa en la teoría existente en otras disciplinas, es decir, no subjetivada ni por el sujeto ni por el objeto de análisi

Invariant subspaces and Deddens algebras

It is shown that if the Deddens algebra DT associated with a quasinilpotent operator T on a complex Banach space is closed and localizing then T has a nontrivial closed hyperinvariant subspace.Ministerio de Economía y CompetitividadJunta de Andalucí

Hardy-Littlewood inequalities for norms of positive operators on sequence spaces

We consider estimates of Hardy and Littlewood for norms of operators on sequence spaces, and we apply a factorization result of Maurey to obtain improved estimates and simplified proofs for the special case of a positive operator.Junta de AndalucíaMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovació

Revisiting nonclassical HLA II functions in antigen presentation: Peptide editing and its modulation

The nonclassical major histocompatibility complex of class II molecules (ncMHCII) HLA-DM (DM) and HLA-DO (DO) feature essential functions for the selection of the peptides that are displayed by classical MHCII proteins (MHCII) for CD4(+)T(h)cell surveillance. Thus, although the binding groove of classical MHCII dictates the main features of the peptides displayed, ncMHCII function defines the preferential loading of peptides from specific cellular compartments and the extent to which they are presented. DM acts as a chaperone for classical MHCII molecules facilitating peptide exchange and thereby favoring the binding of peptide-MHCII complexes of high kinetic stability mostly in late endosomal compartments. DO on the other hand binds to DM blocking its peptide-editing function in B cells and thymic epithelial cells, limiting DM activity in these cellular subsets. DM and DO distinct expression patterns therefore define specific antigen presentation profiles that select unique peptide pools for each set of antigen presenting cell. We have come a long way understanding the mechanistic underpinnings of such distinct editing profiles and start to grasp the implications for ncMHCII biological function. DM acts as filter for the selection of immunodominant, pathogen-derived epitopes while DO blocks DM activity under certain physiological conditions to promote tolerance to self. Interestingly, recent findings have shown that the unexplored and neglected ncMHCII genetic diversity modulates retroviral infection in mouse, and affects human ncMHCII function. This review aims at highlighting the importance of ncMHCII function for CD4(+)T(h)cell responses while integrating and evaluating what could be the impact of distinct editing profiles because of natural genetic variations