A Leading Indicators Approach to the Predictability of Currency

In this paper, we present a leading economic indicators approach to the predictability of currency crises in Turkey. After summarizing main theoretical models of currency crises and discussing the possible origins of financial crises in the European ERM countries (1992-93), Turkey (1994) and Southeast Asian countries (1997-98), we survey the empirical literature on the predictability of currency crises. Our leading economic indicators approach based on Burns and Mitchell (1946) shows that terms-of-trade, market-determined exchange rate over official exchange rate and some survey data can be considered as leading economic indicators of currency crises in Turkey.Leading economic indicators, predictability of currency crises, Turkey

SPORT CENTER DI KABUPATEN BENER MERIAH TEMA : ARSITEKTUR VERNAKULAR

AbstrakSPORT CENTER DI KABUPATEN BENER MERIAH OlehBengi MaharaniNIM : 1104104010015Sport Center merupakan tempat penyelenggaraan kegiatan-kegiatan olahraga. Sarana kegiatan olahraga berwujud Sport Center menjadi kebutuhan nyata masyarakat yang tak hanya sekadar untuk mewadahi kegiatan olahraga namun juga menjadi wadah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rekreasi, dan kegiatan sosial. Oleh karena itu, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan perkembangan yang terjadi dalam masyarakat diperlukan wadah berupa Sport Center di Kabupaten Bener Meriah.Tema yang diterapkan dalam desain adalah arsitektur vernakular, bentuk dan ruang untuk memberikan ragam pengalaman dalam berolahraga dan berekreasi. Bangunan ini mengambil bentukan ukiran kerawang gayo yang akan ditranformasi sedemikian rupa sehingga menampilkan unsur vernakular sesuai dengan tema yang dipilih.Kata kunci: Sport Center, sarana kegiatan olahraga dan rekreasi, daya tarik, Vernakular. AbstractSPORT CENTER IN BENER MERIAH DISTRICT By :Bengi MaharaniNIM : 1104104010015Sport Center is the venue for sporting activities. Means of sporting activities tangible Sport Center into the real needs of society is not just to facilitate the activities of the sport but also a forum to meet the needs of recreational and social activities. Therefore, to meet the needs and developments in the community needed a container of Sport Center in the central highlands.The themes are applied in the design of vernacular architecture, form and space to provide diverse experience in sports and recreation. This building took notching openwork carving Gayo will ditranformasi such that display the vernacular elements according to the selected theme.Keywords: Sport Center, sports activities and recreation facilities, attractiveness, Vernacular

Creative and critical thinking skills in problem-based learning environments

Bengi Birgili (MEF Author)##nofulltext##Creative and critical thinking skills are the abilities, which can sometimes be used interchangeably in definition. In fact, they have different constructs because they differentiate in outcome of human behaviours. Also one of today’s requirementsis that individuals should approach everyday problems by using bothcompetences. So, one of the helpful tool for development of creativity and critical thinking skills proposed is problem-based learning environments in classrooms.In this study, problem based approach including philosophy; generalcharacteristics of it, role of teachers and students in problem-based learningenvironment, and its uniqueness over other learning approaches is explained byconsidering advantages and limitations. Then, problem-based learning isdiscussed with regard to instructional design perspective in a scientific manner.Finally, the study is aimed to explain when PBL grounded in development ofinstructional strategy as a fruitful approach; instructional strategies, methods and techniques are differentiated in creativity and critical thinking skills

State Hegemony and Sustainable Development: A Political Economy Analysis of Two Local Experiences in Turkey

This dissertation examines state-society relationships in Turkey through the lens of efforts to promote sustainable development at the local level. To this end, it first lays out a theoretical framework to analyze the political economy of local sustainable development, for which purpose the Gramscian state theory and its applications to the political economy of the environment are deployed. The dissertation thus situates the local social-economic-environmental processes within the making of state hegemony and the uneven impacts of state behavior on the society. The dissertation employs two case studies, each based on extensive qualitative study and quantitative data from the administration of representative surveys to operationalize this framework. At both case study sites, Sultan Sazligi and Köprülü Kanyon, the Turkish state made explicit efforts to implement sustainable development through projects funded by the Global Environmental Facility, but failed to do so. In analyzing the reasons for failure, the dissertation documents how the Turkish state\u27s hegemonic practices, interacting with local power inequalities, undercut the implementation of sustainable development. It further reveals how inequalities are perpetuated by the failure of sustainable development and how they, in turn, prove to be impediments on sustainable development implementation at the local level. The dissertation also provides a critical lens through which community-based schemes, including co-governance and participatory management, can be examined. It highlights, in particular, the role of local inequalities and anticipations shaped by the state by conducting an econometric study. It demonstrates the different channels through which exclusion from decision-making operates, impeding the democratic functioning of these institutions and undermining efforts to promote sustainable development

PERSONA NON GRATA DALAM HUBUNGAN DIPLOMATIK DITINJAU DARI KONVENSI WINA 1961 PENGESAHAN

Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor Apa sajakah yang menjadi dasar negara penerima mempersona  nongratakan  seseorang dan bagaiman akibat hukumnya dan bagaimanakah pengaruh Persona non grata terhadap hubungan Diplomatik kedua Negara, di mana dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkanbahwa: 1. Dalam Hubungan Internasional , faktor-faktor yang mempersona nongratakan seseorang terbagi atas 3 faktor yang pertama apabila : a. calon tersebut dianggap menganggu hak kedaulatan negara dimana  ia akan di akreditasikan, karna sikap pribadinya juga yang disaksikan; b. Jika menunjukkan rasa permusuhan terhadap rakyat maupun lembaga di negara tempat dimana ia akan di akreditasikan; c. Jika ia menjadi pokok permasalahan dinegara penerima dan di negara akreditasi tersebut tidak mau memberikan kepada calon tersebut kekebalan-kekebalan  sebagai calon duta besar. Berdasarkan Konvensi Wina 1961 tentang Hubungan Diplomatik dikatakan bahwa seseorang bisa dipersona nongratakan oleh Negara penerima tanpa harus memberikan alasan. Jadi  apabila seseorang memasuki suatu Negara dengan tujuan tertentu dan oleh Negara penerima dianggap dapat merugikan negaranya, maka orang tersebut dapat dipersona non gratakan dan tidak boleh melaksanakan aktifitas dinegara tersebut dan harus meninggalkann Negara tersebut dalam jangka waktu yang ditentukan. 2. Dan untuk pengaruh hubungan kedua negara penerima dan pengirim Ketika, seorang perwakilan diplomatic mengalami personan non grata oleh Negara penerima maka akan terjadi kesenjangan atau konflik dalam hubungan diplomatic antara kedua Negara.  Apabila kedua Negara tidak mencapai kesepakatan bersama untuk melakukan perdamaian maka hubungan diplomatiknya bisa putus sehingga tidak ada lagi perwakilan diplomatic Negara pengirim dinegara penerima.Kata kunci: persona non grata; diplomatic; wina