Reinstated Dignity – Continued Silencing. Violent, Gendered Imagery in Holocaust Web Exhibitions

This paper examines how and to what effect recent trends regarding the use of violent imagery in exhibitions on Nazi mass atrocities transpire online. Analysing 87 web exhibitions by the three internationally most influential museums on the Shoah, it becomes evident that these museums avoid displaying graphic images of violence. However, an analysis of imagery that exhibitions produce linguistically unearths apparent dissonances. On the one hand, the aim of restoring the dignity of victims and giving them a voice marks a central feature of all examples. On the other hand, online exhibitions on the Shoah largely rely on stereotypes in gendered perceptions and narratives of extreme violence. The paper traces the impact of tropes that invoke gendered concepts of power and agency and argues that they limit curators’ ability to explain and analyse the pretext and events of the Shoah.This paper examines how and to what effect recent trends regarding the use of violent imagery in exhibitions on Nazi mass atrocities transpire online. Analysing 87 web exhibitions by the three internationally most influential museums on the Shoah, it becomes evident that these museums avoid displaying graphic images of violence. However, an analysis of imagery that exhibitions produce linguistically unearths apparent dissonances. On the one hand, the aim of restoring the dignity of victims and giving them a voice marks a central feature of all examples. On the other hand, online exhibitions on the Shoah largely rely on stereotypes in gendered perceptions and narratives of extreme violence. The paper traces the impact of tropes that invoke gendered concepts of power and agency and argues that they limit curators’ ability to explain and analyse the pretext and events of the Shoah

Appendix to “Reinstated Dignity”. Web Exhibitions of Nazi Violence: Examples of Visual Objects and Quantitative Overview

In my paper "Reinstated Dignity – Continued Silencing. Violent, Gendered Imagery in Holocaust Web Exhibitions" (https://doi.org/10.25365/oezg-2023-34-1-5) I argue that the leading museums of Holocaust memory (Auschwitz-Birkenau, USHMM and Yad Vashem) have adopted a policy of caution when it comes to showing – or not showing – graphic representations of violence, arguably because it humiliates the victims of Nazi atrocities and feeds on voyeurism, to name just two aspects frequently voiced by critics of such (curatorial) practices. My study looked at a sample of all 87 digital exhibitions made available by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), Yad Vashem (YV) and the State Museum at Auschwitz Birkenau (PMAB) as of December 2021.In my paper (https://doi.org/10.25365/oezg-2023-34-1-5) published in the OeZG volume on "Displaying Violence", I argue that the leading museums of Holocaust memory (Auschwitz-Birkenau, USHMM and Yad Vashem) have adopted a policy of caution when it comes to showing – or not showing – graphic representations of violence, arguably because it humiliates the victims of Nazi atrocities and feeds on voyeurism, to name just two aspects frequently voiced by critics of such (curatorial) practices. My study looked at a sample of all 87 digital exhibitions made available by the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), Yad Vashem (YV) and the State Museum at Auschwitz Birkenau (PMAB) as of December 2021

REPRESENTATIONAL STRUCTURES AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY: ANALYSIS OF SPONTANEOUS DESCRIPTIONS OF SELF AND SIGNIFICANT OTHERS IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT MENTAL DISORDERS

Background: The article was designed to contribute to the empirical clarification of representational structures among adult psychiatric patients. According to psychoanalytic concepts, cognitive developmental psychology and attachment theory, various forms of adult psychopathology involve fundamental impairments in representational structures or cognitive-affective schemas. Subjects and method: We conducted a study to research the structural characteristics of representations of self and significant others in patients with different, mostly severe mental disorders according to DSM-IV and Kernberg’s structural criteria for personality organizations. The modified Blatt\u27s method for assessment of conceptual levels of object representations, Kernberg’s criteria for identity diffusion and some others measures were used in the analysis of spontaneous descriptions of self and significant others in 186 adult psychiatric in-and outpatients and 109 controls of both sexes. Results: The results show significant differences in the developmental level of representational structures between different groups of psychiatric patients and healthy controls. Patients (particularly schizophrenic) reached lower scores on the Conceptual Level Scale compared to healthy controls. Patients’ descriptions of self and significant others were more preoperational, concrete, one dimensional, less differentiated and less integrated. They also described significant others and themselves in a more diffuse, contradictory and shallow way in comparison to healthy controls. Conclusions: Results support previous empirical findings and are for the most part in accordance with developmental cognitive and psychoanalytic theories. As mental representation is a central theoretical construct in cognitive science, in developmental and social psychology and also in psychoanalytic theory and research, the studies of representational structures may demonstrate an important contribution in understanding aspects of personality and psychopathology

On the Determination of 228Ra, 210Po, 234U and 238U in Mineral Waters

The importance of the determination of uranium, radium and polonium isotopes in drinking water is outlined, taking into account European legislation. The results of a literature study of radiochemical and measurement techniques suitable for the determination of these radionuclides in water are summarised. The method developed for the determination of 228Ra consisting of radium preconcentration, radiochemical separation of radium and subsequent determination of the daughter 228Ac with liquid scintillation counting is described. Two novel methods for the sequential radiochemical separation of polonium and uranium from water samples were developed and are described in detail. The 228Ra activity concentration was determined in two mineral waters and is compared with the results of an alternative method, based on the ingrowth of 228Th and alpha-particle spectrometry. The two novel methods for polonium and uranium were applied to three different mineral waters, and the activity concentrations of 210Po, 234U and 238U determined with alpha-particle spectrometry are compared among each other and with reference values determined for these waters with standard methods.JRC.D.4-Isotope measurement

Exclusive and Partial Enteral Nutrition in Crohn’s Disease

Exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is a well-establised primary therapy in active pediatric Crohn’s disease (CD). EEN promotes mucosal healing, restores bone mineral density, and improves growth. On the contrary, treatment of active CD with corticosteroids (CS) has a strong negative impact on the linear growth and bone density. Therefore, EEN is recommended as a first-line therapy in children with active CD. EEN has been evaluated in a number of clinical studies including randomized controlled trials. While meta-analyses of adult studies suggest superiority of CS, pediatric studies have shown that EEN is at least as effective as CS in inducing remission. The mechanisms by which EEN suppresses inflammation are not yet fully elucidated. Hypotheses include improvement in nutritional status, decreasing of the inflammatory cascade mechanism, limiting luminal antigen exposure, improving intestinal permeability, and modification of intestinal microbiota

Displaying Violence

This issue brings together analyses of power relations faced by museums around the world that exhibit histories of conflict or violence. It traces recent transformations in the way museums deal with the representation of violence: whether they reflect on the standpoint of victims and integrate their voices; whether they remain inclusive of marginalized communities; whether they address longsilenced legacies of violence; or whether they respond to ethical challenges associated with the display of images, objects and the curation of human remains. Examinations of culturally and geographically diverse curatorial practices highlight how museums challenge or perpetuate violence and hegemonic structures of power and marginalization, how they present a multiplicity of voices or homogenized narratives, and how they engage visitors with reflexive metaquestions. The understanding of violence in this issue is not limited to atrocities or physical harm but also raises questions about the violence of museum displays and the structural violence of the museum institution itself, past and present. By focusing on questions of colonial violence and its museological representation, many of the contributions highlight the centrality of this issue to current public debates and discussions on the identity of the institution. In their choice of cases, the papers also expand the notion of museum space to include not only sites of historical atrocities and offsite museums but also botanical gardens and public space

Care of Patients at the End of Life

Oskrba bolnika ob koncu življenja skuša doseči dva cilja: bolniku omogočiti najboljšo kakovost življenja (umiranja) in poskrbeti za svojce. Za pravilno in pravočasno izvajanje je ključna prava ocena bolnikovega preživetja. Nepaliativni pristop pri oskrbi ob koncu življenja vodi v medicinsko neučinkovito zdravljenje in povečuje bolnikovo trpljenje. Obravnava simptomov je podobna kot v zgodnejših obdobjih paliativne oskrbe. Poseben izziv predstavlja zdravljenje z zdravili. Oskrba se nadaljuje tudi po bolnikovi smrti.Care of patients nearing the end of life is primarily aimed at providing the best possible quality of life to the terminally ill patient and offering support to his family members. To assure appropriate help and to offer it in time, the length of patient’s survival should be assessed. Non-palliative approach to the care of patient nearing the end of life is a path that leads to medical futilityit only increases the patient’s pain and suffering. The treatment of symptoms is similar to that in early stages of palliative care. A special challenge in the care of patients nearing the end of life is the choice of proper drug therapy. The care should be carried on also after the patient’s death by completing the formalities required in the event of death and by giving support to the grieving family members

Teorija arbitraže s transakcijskim troškovima

U ovom radu proučavamo teoriju arbitraže s transakcijskim troškovima. Teorija arbitraže čini vrlo bitan dio financijskog modeliranja. Obično se radi jednostavnosti pretpostavlja da ne postoje transakcijski troškovi to jest modelira se na tržištu bez trenja. To je nerealna pretpostavka te u ovom radu pokazujemo kako transakcijski troškovi utječu na postojanje mogućnosti arbitraže. Na početku donosimo kratko ponavljanje činjenica iz vjerojatnosti i slučajnih procesa, a poseban naglasak stavljamo na ponavljanje konveksne analize te teorije arbitraže za tržište bez trenja. Nakon toga dajemo financijsko i matematičko okruženje u kojem razvijamo teoriju arbitraže za tržište s transakcijskim troškovima. Definiramo transakcijske troškove kao $d$-dimenzionalnu matricu s pozitivnim elementima i dajemo relacije po kojima se odvija dinamika evolucije vrijednosti portfelja. Uvodimo pojam solventnog skupa za ovaj model te definiramo slučajan zahtjev i dajemo uvjete kojima opisujemo kada taj slučajni zahtjev možemo hedgirati. Uvodimo definicije jake i slabe mogućnosti arbitraže za model s transakcijskim troškovima i istovremeno definiramo kada portfelj zadovoljava slabi ($NA^{w}$) i jaki ($NA^{s}$) uvjet za nepostojanje arbitraže. Također dajemo teoreme koji nam govore o ekvivalentnim uvjetima na portfelj tako da on zadovoljava slabi ili jaki uvjet za nepostojanje arbitraže. Naposljetku, pokazujemo različite varijante osnovnog modela koje se razlikuju u alternativnim parametrizacijama ili su transakcijski troškovi drugačije definirani. Za ove modele dajemo relacije s kojima je opisana dinamika evolucije vrijednosti portfelja i na jednostavnom primjeru pokazujemo te relacije.In this paper we are analyzing arbitrage theory under transaction costs. Arbitrage theory makes for an important part in financial modeling. Usually because of simplicity it is assumed that there are no transaction costs i.e. modeling is done on frictionless markets. That is an unrealistic assumption and in this paper we show how transaction costs influence existence of arbitrage opportunities. We start with a short introduction to facts from probability and random processes. We emphasise facts from convex analysis and give a short introduction to arbitrage theory for frictionless markets. After that we are introducing financial and mathematical setting in which we are developing arbitrage theory under transaction costs. We define transaction costs as $d$-dimensional matrix with positive elements and we give relations that explain portfolio evolution. We introduce the solvency region for this model and define contingent claim and conditions under which the contingent claim is hedgeable. After that we introduce definitions of strong and weak arbitrage opportunities for models with transaction costs and at the same time define when portfolio has the weak noarbitrage property ($NA^{w}$) and strong no-arbitrage property ($NA^{s}$). We also give theorems that show us equivalent conditions on portfolio so that it has the weak or strong no-arbitrage property. Last, we show different variants of basic model which differ in alternative parametrizations or in definition of transactions costs. For these models we give relations which explain dynamics of portfolio evolution and on a simple example we show those relations