Audio description and audio subtitling in a dubbing country: Case studies

In many European countries foreign films are not dubbed but subtitled. An audio describer has to include all the written subtitles in his script and try to make the description fit in between. Dubbing countries like Spain, Italy and Germany are also used to combining audio description and audio subtitling – for different reasons. This presentation shows how audio subtitling affects the work of describers in a dubbing country like Germany. It will present examples from daily work to show how many different ways are used to deal with the subtitles

Aspetti tecnici e procedurali dell’audiodescrizione. Il caso della Bayerischer Rundfunk

Il contributo si concentra su alcuni aspetti fondamentali del processo di audiodescrizione professionale, come per esempio la gestione dei testi scritti sullo schermo, l'armonizzazione della descrizione con la colonna sonora originale, il lavoro di gruppo in team che includono anche revisori ciechi, le fasi del processo di audiodescrizione. Nel trattare questi temi si fa sempre riferimento alla emittente radiotelevisiva tedesca Bayerischer Rundfunk

EBER2 RNA-induced transcriptome changes identify cellular processes likely targeted during Epstein Barr Virus infection

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licens

Addressing sustainability and flexibility in manufacturing via smart modular machine tool frames to support sustainable value creation

Sustainability and flexibility are crucial aspects in todays’ manufacturing processes. Within this study an innovative approach of modular machine tool frames (MMTF) equipped with micro system technology is presented that aims at enhancing flexibility of mutable production processes. This new approach extends the existing reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS). MMTF goes beyond the platform approach via minimizing the machine tool frame parts used for the building block system of manufacturing cells. The concept has been realized by integration of modularized microelectronics and actuators enabling for integrity and accuracy of the machine tool frame. In this contribution, sustainable hotspots for the production of the MMTF are identified via a tiered life cycle sustainability assessment. From these findings, new approaches are derived that provide for a reasonable usage of mechanical and electronic components in MMTF for sustainable value creation

Invertebrate 7SK snRNAs

7SK RNA is a highly abundant noncoding RNA in mammalian cells whose function in transcriptional regulation has only recently been elucidated. Despite its highly conserved sequence throughout vertebrates, all attempts to discover 7SK RNA homologues in invertebrate species have failed so far. Here we report on a combined experimental and computational survey that succeeded in discovering 7SK RNAs in most of the major deuterostome clades and in two protostome phyla: mollusks and annelids. Despite major efforts, no candidates were found in any of the many available ecdysozoan genomes, however. The additional sequence data confirm the evolutionary conservation and hence functional importance of the previously described 3′ and 5′ stem-loop motifs, and provide evidence for a third, structurally well-conserved domain

Audio-description reloaded : an analysis of visual scenes in 2012 and Hero

This article explores whether the so-called new "cinema of attractions", with its supposed focus on visual effects to the detriment of storytelling, requires a specific approach to audio-description (AD). After some thoughts on film narrative in this type of cinema and the way in which it incorporates special effects, selected scenes with AD from two feature films, 2012 (directed by Emmerich) and Hero (directed by Zhang Yimou), are analysed. 2012 is a disaster movie aiming to thrill the audience with action. Hero is an equally visual movie but its imagery has an aesthetic purpose. The analysis investigates how space, time and action are treated in the films and the ADs, and how the information is presented in terms of focalization, timing and phrasing. The results suggest that effect-driven narratives require carefully timed and phrased ADs that devote much attention to the prosody of the AD script, its interaction with sounds and the use of metapho

Audio-Description

This paper deals mainly with two aspects of audio-description: the development of this mode of language transfer and the main steps in the preparation of an audio-description.L’audio-description est présentée principalement selon deux axes : son développement récent et les principales étapes de réalisation de ce mode de transfert linguistique