2,019 research outputs found
Determination of structure tilting in magnetized plasmas - Time delay estimation in two dimensions
Time delay estimation (TDE) is a well-known technique to investigate poloidal
flows in fusion plasmas. The present work is an extension of the earlier works
of A. Bencze and S. Zoletnik 2005 and B. T\'al et al. 2011. From the
prospective of the comparison of theory and experiment it seem to be important
to estimate the statistical properties of the TDE based on solid mathematical
groundings. This paper provides analytic derivation of the variance of the TDE
using a two-dimensional model for coherent turbulent structures in the plasma
edge and also gives an explicit method for determination of the tilt angle of
structures. As a demonstration this method is then applied to the results of a
quasi-2D Beam Emission Spectroscopy (BES) measurement performed at the TEXTOR
tokamak.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figure
Quality of justice in Hungary in European context
Based on empirical methodology, this study is an attempt at providing a quality level assessment of the Hungarian judicature. Since the 1990 regime change two major justice reforms have taken place aimed at improving the quality and efficiency of justice. The reform of 1997 dramatically transforming the judicial hierarchy system, court management and the procedural framework was carried out under the auspices of EU accession and attempted to improve the quality of justice following explicitly European examples. In this spirit, a central administrative body was established (the National Judicial Council), which played a crucial role in the matter of improving the quality of justice. The Orbán Government that came to power in 2010 carried out a reform as an EU Member State that triggered harsh criticism from international organizations as well as EU institutions. With prioritizing quality and efficiency aspects, the elements of the reform that brought about objections from those having cause for concern about judicial independence were justified by the legislator. The question remains which objective was the real one and what role courts play in the Hungarian political system that has evolved since 2010. In order to find the answer, what is needed is to examine how sound the government's allusion is regarding the interest in the improvement of quality and efficiency and in what political context the second judicial reform took place. Measuring quality and efficiency and making comparisons to other countries is a weighty endeavor, which can be traced back to differences in the justice systems of certain legal systems. In spite of methodological difficulties, establishing a diagnosis about the condition of the Hungarian judicature will be attempted, which presents an opportunity to compare it to the state of the judicature of other EU countries
Quality of justice in Hungary in European context
A tanulmány a magyar igazságszolgáltatás szĂnvonalának empirikus mĂłdszerre alapozott Ă©rtĂ©kelĂ©sĂ©re vállalkozik. Az 1997-es, a bĂrĂłsági hierarchia rendszert, a bĂrĂłságok igazgatását, Ă©s az eljárásjogi keretet is alaposan megváltoztatĂł reform mĂ©g az eurĂłpai uniĂłs csatlakozásra kĂ©szĂĽlĂ©s jegyĂ©ben zajlott, Ă©s kifejezetten eurĂłpai mintákat követve kĂvánt az igazságszolgáltatás minĹ‘sĂ©gĂ©n javĂtani. A 2010-ben hatalomra jutĂł Orbán kormány immár UniĂłs tagkĂ©nt valĂłsĂtott meg egy olyan reformot, ami nemzetközi szervezetek, UniĂłs intĂ©zmĂ©nyek erĹ‘teljes kritikáját váltotta ki. A reform egyes, a bĂrĂłi fĂĽggetlensĂ©get fĂ©ltĹ‘k tiltakozását kiváltĂł elemeit a törvĂ©nyhozĂł a minĹ‘sĂ©gi, hatĂ©konysági szempontok elĹ‘tĂ©rbe helyezĂ©sĂ©vel indokolta. A minĹ‘sĂ©g Ă©s hatĂ©konyság mĂ©rĂ©se Ă©s más országokkal valĂł összevetĂ©se igen nehĂ©z vállalkozás, ami az egyes jogrendszerek igazságszolgáltatĂł rendszereinek kĂĽlönbsĂ©gĂ©re vezethetĹ‘ vissza. A mĂłdszertani nehĂ©zsĂ©gek ellenĂ©re mĂ©gis kĂsĂ©rletet teszĂĽnk arra, hogy a magyar igazságszolgáltatás állapotárĂłl kĂłrkĂ©pet kĂ©szĂtsĂĽnk, Ă©s ahol lehetĹ‘sĂ©g adĂłdik, az uniĂłs országok igazságszolgáltatásának állapotával összemĂ©rjĂĽk
Insight into the own resources system of the EU through the spectacle of the Hungarian VAT based payment
The article firstly gives a short summary concerning the own resources system financing the budget of the EU and the state of the VAT based resource within this system. Afterwards, with the help of the Hungarian VAT base statement, it specifies the methodology of the calculation of the harmonised VAT base and the own resource itself. Finally it presents an overview of the reform concepts for the future of the own resources system
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