Characterization of beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus from Spanish sugar beets

Rhizomania is a viral disease, caused by beet necrotic yellow vein furovirus (BNYVV), which was detected in Spanish sugar beets in 1988, it being focused on the Castilla y León region. BNYVV has five RNA fragments with specific functions, and the different composition and proportion of RNA in the virions allow their separation and the characterization of their activities during the development of the disease. Thirty–six samples of sugar beet rootlets and frozen pulps from three different sugar beet zones of Castilla y León were analyzed by DAS-ELISA and Immunocapture-Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (IC-RT-PCR) using specific primers. The identity of the cDNA products was confirmed by nested- PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The uniformity of the patterns obtained by RFLP analyses with nine endonucleases showed the existence of a unique strain of BNYVV in 80,000 Ha of crop surface which could be explained by a recent arrival of the rhizomania disease to this region. The isolates studied were more similar to type A, which has been previously described in BNYVV, but a nonexpected cleavage site for this molecular group was observed with endonuclease Hinc II on the RNA-2 IC-RT-PCR product (nt 2133–3293) in the thirty–six Spanish samples and also in a North American strain taken as reference. The use of frozen pulps obtained as a previous step to the industrial extraction of sugar avoids problems due to erratic distribution of the virus in the roots, provides repetitive results for a particular sample, and facilitates epidemiological and distributional studies on rhizomania disease

Caracterización lesional y etiológica de neumonías en vacuno de cebo sacrificado en matadero

Trabajo presentado a la: XXVII Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica Veterinaria. (Barcelona, España, 17-19 junio de 2015).Peer Reviewe

A new Colombian pest species of the genus \u3ci\u3ePoecilocloeus\u3c/i\u3e Bruner (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Proctolabinae) on coffee, with a key to the Neotropical species

A remarkable new species of Poecilocloeus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Proctolabinae) found damaging coffee plantations in the Western Andes of Colombia is described and named P. coffeaphilus n. sp. This new species is part of a distinct and colorful group of Proctolabinae grasshoppers, with most species found at low altitudes in the rainforest of the Amazon basin. In contrast, the new species is found at elevations of 1600 to 1800 m in the canopy of dense cloud forests, in the southwestern part of the department of Antioquia (Western Cordillera, Colombian Andes). Information about the natural history, behavior, natural enemies and control strategies in coffee plantations is given for this new species of masked grasshopper. A key to the Neotropical species of the fruticolus species group is presented. Una nueva y notable especie de Poecilocloeus (Orthoptera: Acrididae: Proctolabinae) encontrada afectando plantaciones de café en la cordillera occidental de Colombia es descrita y nombrada como P. coffeaphilus. La nueva especie hace parte de un grupo distintivo y colorido de saltamontes de la subfamilia Proctolabinae, con la mayoría de especies distribuidas a bajas altitudes en las selvas lluviosas de la cuenca amazónica. Por el contrario, la nueva especie se encuentra a altitudes entre 1.600 a 1.800 m en el dosel del bosque nublado, en el suroeste del departamento de Antioquia (Andes colombianos, Cordillera Occidental). Se da información acerca de la historia natural, comportamiento, enemigos naturales y estrategias de control de esta nueva especie de saltamonte enmascarado en cultivos de café. Se presenta una clave para las especies del grupo fruticolus de la región Neotropical

Description of a new species of coffee stem and root borer of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon from Colombia (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), with a key to the Neotropical species

A new species of coffee stem and root borer from Colombia is described: Plagiohammus colombiensis, sp. nov. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae). The new species differs from other species of the genus Plagiohammus Dillon and Dillon by the yellow pattern of spots on the elytra, the morphology of the antenna and pronotum as well as characters of the male genitalia. A key to species of Plagiohammus is provided. This study examines the current situation of the new species of coffee stem and root borer in Colombia. Information on its biology and damage to the coffee plantations is presented

In vitro anti-canine distemper virus activity of fucoidan extracted from the brown alga Cladosiphon okamuranus

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a morbillivirus related to measles virus that infects dogs and other carnivores. CDV has a significant global impact on animal health; however, there is no current antiviral treatment for CDV infection. In recent years, it has been demonstrated that sulfated polysaccharides exhibit antiviral properties both in vivo and in vitro, despite their low cytotoxicity to host cells. Fucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide found in the cell wall matrix of brown algae. In this study, we evaluated in vitro anti-CDV activity of fucoidan, which was derived from Cladosiphon okamuranus. Fucoidan actively inhibited CDV replication in Vero cells at a 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 0.1 lg/ml. The derived selectivity index (SI50) was[20,000. This polysaccharide likely inhibits viral infection by interference in the early steps and by inhibiting CDV-mediated cell fusion. Fucoidan may be useful in development of pharmacological strategies to treat and control CDV infection

Analysis of local and peripheral immune response developed in sheep experimentally infected with Toxoplasma gondii at different times of gestation

Trabajo presentado al: 4th International Meeting on Apicomplexa in Farm Animals. (11-14 October 2017 - Madrid, Spain).Toxoplasmosis is one the main infectious causes of reproductive failure in sheep where the time of gestation when sheep are infected affects the clinical and lesional outcome of the disease. In order to investigate the variations of local and peripheral immune responses during gestation, pregnant sheep were infected at early, mid and late gestation and subsequently culled at 2, 3 and 4 weeks post infection. In those sheep inoculated during the second term, serological antibodies were detected earlier and the increase in serological γ-IFN was higher than in the other infected animals. Regarding the local immune response at the placenta, infiltration of inflammatory cells was mainly found in the maternal septa, although it also invaded foetal mesenchyme adjacent to the lesions. The increase in the number of T lymphocytes was observed only in ewes infected during the second and last terms of gestation while the increase of B cells occurred in sheep infected at the first and second terms. The expression of iba-1 antigen by macrophages was more frequent after infection during the first term whereas macrophages expressing lysozyme, CD163 or calprotectin were more frequent in infections at mid-gestation. A significant increase in the transcription of γ-IFN, when compared to control animals, occurred after infections in the first and second term, while TNF-α and IL-10 transcription increased only in the second and last term, respectively. There were no differences when comparing transcription of cytokines between animals infected at different terms of gestation. This study shows that the time of gestation when infection occurs has a clear influence over the pathogenesis of ovine toxoplasmosis as a greater inflammatory response was found after inoculating sheep at the second term of gestation. This finding may explain the later invasion of the placenta by the parasite at early and mid gestation described in previous studies.This study was founded by AGL2016-75935-C2-2-R and LE080U16 research grants.Peer Reviewe

Infección experimental por Toxoplasma gondii en el primer, segundo y último tercio de gestación en ovejas. Respuesta lesional y distribución del parásito

6 páginas.--Trabajo presentado al: XL Congreso Nacional y el XVI Congreso Internacional de la Sociedad Española de Ovinotecnia y Caprinotecnia. (Castellón de la Plana, España, 16-18 septiembre 2015).Peer Reviewe

Clasificación microscópica de las lesiones cutáneas producidas por Hypoderma lineatum

Trabajo presentado a la: XXVII Reunión de la Sociedad Española de Anatomía Patológica Veterinaria. (Barcelona, España, 17 al 19 Junio, 2015).Peer Reviewe

Foetal periventricular leucomalacia as the main lesion in abortion during the acute phase of ovine toxoplasmosis

Trabajo presentado al: ApiCOWplexa in Farm Animals/ 3rd lnternational Meeting on Apicomplexan Parasites in Farm Animals. (Edimburgo, 30th Junio al 3rd Julio, 2015).Peer Reviewe

Caracterización lesional y etiológica de neumonías en vacuno de cebo sacrificado en matadero

El Complejo Respiratorio Bovino constituye una importante enfermedad en bovinos de cebo. Los agentes etiológicos principalmente implicados en este síndrome incluyen virus (BoHv1,PI-3, BVDv, bRSV), bacterias (Mannheimia haemolytica, Pasteurella multocida, Histophilussomni, Trueperella pyogenes) y Mycoplasma bovis. Dentro de este síndrome, la neumonía es la lesión más relevante. Este estudio se ha realizado en animales de cebo sacrificados en matader