Болезнь Крона с изолированным поражением желудка как пример редкого фенотипа заболевания: клиническое наблюдение

Crohn's disease (CD), along with ulcerative colitis, is one of the predominant nosological forms of inflammatory bowel diseases. In CD, any part of the gastrointestinal tract can be affected; however, the process is commonly associated with terminal ileum or colon involvement. CD cases with isolated or mixed involvement of upper gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, and duodenum) are rare and least studied types of the disease. In isolated stomach involvement, the complaints are non-specific and include epigastric pain, gastric dyspepsia, early satiety, decreased appetite, and nausea. Isolated CD of upper gastrointestinal tract can be diagnosed after comprehensive work-up and always requires a high diagnostic level, including clinical, endoscopic and morphological one. We present a clinical case of CD with isolated stomach involvement in a 62-year-old woman. The diagnosis was confirmed by the histopathological findings of an epithelioid cell granuloma in the gastric antrum. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids reduced the disease clinical activity and improved the histological characteristics of the gastric biopsy sampled obtained by endoscopy. In this clinical case, there were specific macroscopic gastric lesions found at endoscopy in CD patients with upper gastrointestinal tract involvement, which is characterized by thickened longitudinal folding and linear grooves. This type of lesion has been described in the literature as “bamboo joint-like appearance”.Conclusion: Comprehensive assessment of clinical manifestations, endoscopic and histopathological specific features is crucial for the timely diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.Болезнь Крона (БК) наряду с язвенным колитом представляет собой одну из преобладающих нозологических форм в структуре воспалительных заболеваний кишечника. При БК может быть поражена любая часть желудочно-кишечного тракта (ЖКТ), но обычно процесс связан с вовлечением терминального отдела подвздошной или толстой кишки. Случаи БК с изолированным или сочетанным поражением верхних отделов ЖКТ (пищевода, желудка и двенадцатиперстной кишки) – редко встречаемые и наименее изученные варианты заболевания. При изолированном поражении желудка жалобы неспецифичны и включают боли в эпигастральной области, желудочную диспепсию, чувство раннего насыщения, снижение аппетита, тошноту. Диагноз изолированной БК верхних отделов ЖКТ может быть установлен при комплексном обследовании, что всегда требует высокого уровня диагностики (клинической, эндоскопической, морфологической). В статье дано описание клинического наблюдения БК с изолированным поражением желудка у 62-летней женщины. Диагноз был подтвержден наличием эпителиоидноклеточной гранулемы в антральном отделе желудка при патогистологическом исследовании. На фоне лечения системными глюкокортикостероидами достигнуто снижение клинической активности заболевания и улучшение гистологических характеристик биоптатов из желудка, полученных при эндоскопии. В нашем наблюдении было выявлено специфическое макроскопическое поражение желудка, наблюдаемое при эндоскопии у больных БК верхних отделов ЖКТ, характеризующееся утолщенными продольными складками и линейными бороздами, описанное ранее в литературе как «сочленения ствола бамбукового дерева» (англ. bamboo-joint-like appearance).Заключение. Комплексная оценка клинической картины, эндоскопических и гистопатологических особенностей имеет решающее значение для своевременной диагностики и лечения воспалительных заболеваний кишечника

Electro-deionization of Cr (VI)-Containing solution. Part I: Chromium transport through granulated inorganic ion-exchanger

Kinetics of Cr (VI)›OH- exchange on both hydrogel and xerogel of hydrated zirconium dioxide was investigated. Self-diffusion coefficient of Cr (VI) species has been determined by analysis of kinetic curves. Transport of Cr (VI) anions through the inorganic ion exchangers under the influence of applied voltage was also researched. In the case of hydrogel, the ions are transported mainly through the solid phase. Diffusion coefficient of chromate anions through this material was estimated as 9.00 × 10-12 m2 s-1. This is in agreement with self-diffusion coefficient of Cr (VI) obtained from kinetic measurements (1.60 × 10-12-9.92 × 10-12 m2 s-1). Owing to the rather high mobility of Cr (VI) through hydrogel of hydrated zirconium dioxide, this material was recommended for electro-deionization processes. On the other hand, the use of polymer anion-exchange membrane must be excluded to prevent poisoning of the inorganic ion exchanger with Cr (III) cations to be formed during chemical interaction of Cr (VI) with organic materials

Electro-deionization of Cr (VI)-Containing solution. Part II: Chromium transport through Inorganic ion-exchanger and composite ceramic membrane

Cr (VI) transport through a composite ceramic membrane containing an ion-exchange component, namely xerogel of hydrated zirconium dioxide, was investigated. The diffusion coefficient of Cr (VI) species through the membrane, which has been determined under open circuit conditions, is 1.80 × 10-10 m2 s-1. The transport number of Cr (VI) species through the ceramic membrane was found to rise with increasing voltage and reached 0.17 under "over-limiting current" conditions. On the other hand, the transport of chromate ions through hydrogel of hydrated zirconium dioxide becomes more intensive with a decrease in potential drop through the system involving ion-exchanger bed and ceramic membrane due to decrease in the membrane resistance. The diffusion coefficient of Cr (VI) ions in hydrogel of the inorganic ion exchanger was estimated as 4.36 × 10-12 m2 s-1. A possibility of Cr (VI) removal from a weakly acidic diluted solution using an electro-deionization method was shown: the degree of solution purification was found to reach 50%. The transport of species is realized through both the solution and the ion exchanger.Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine: TUBITAK-CAYDAG-104Y399This research was supported by TUBITAK and Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (TUBITAK-CAYDAG-104Y399). -

The interplay between molecular layering and clustering in adsorption of gases on graphitized thermal carbon black - Spill-over phenomenon and the important role of strong sites

We analyse in detail our experimental data, our simulation results and data from the literature, for the adsorption of argon, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methanol, ammonia and water on graphitized carbon black (GTCB), and show that there are two mechanisms of adsorption at play, and that their interplay governs how different gases adsorb on the surface by either: (1) molecular layering on the basal plane or (2) clustering around very strong sites on the adsorbent whose affinity is much greater than that of the basal plane or the functional groups. Depending on the concentration of the very strong sites or the functional groups, the temperature and the relative strength of the three interactions, (a) fluid-strong sites (fine crevices and functional group) (F-SS), (b) fluid-basal plane (FB) and (c) fluid–fluid (FF), the uptake of adsorbate tends to be dominated by one mechanism. However, there are conditions (temperature and adsorbate) where two mechanisms can both govern the uptake. For simple gases, like argon, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, adsorption proceeds by molecular layering on the basal plane of graphene, but for water which represents an extreme case of a polar molecule, clustering around the strong sites or the functional groups at the edges of the graphene layers is the major mechanism of adsorption and there is little or no adsorption on the basal planes because the F-SS and FF interactions are far stronger than the FB interaction. For adsorptives with lower polarity, exemplified by methanol or ammonia, the adsorption mechanism switches from clustering to layering in the order: ammonia, methanol; and we suggest that the bridging between these two mechanisms is a molecular spill-over phenomenon, which has not been previously proposed in the literature in the context of physical adsorption