Cuando se borró el nombre de Dios: Laureano Gómez, Félix Restrepo S.J. y el corporativismo colombiano (1930 -1964)

Contando con el liderazgo político de Laureano Gómez, el proyecto corporativista de Félix Restrepo S.J. habría constituido la alternativa de gubernamentalidad católica para los años 1930-1964, en la cual los procesos de subjetivación política y gobierno de la población se diseñaban a partir de un tipo de poder pastoral cuyos fines eran doctrinales. También se busca mostrar en este trabajo que el corporativismo sobrevivió al declive político de Laureano Gómez, toda vez que en dicho modelo político convergían, vía eliminación del conflicto producido por la división del trabajo y naturalización de las jerarquías del orden social, dos tradiciones de pensamiento: la filosofía neo-tomista y el positivismo comteano; carácter bifronte del corporativismo que aseguró que, vencido el proyecto ideológico de nacionalismo católico laureanista, saliesen nuevamente a flote las soluciones corporativistas a la cuestión social, asumiendo esta vez la forma de un pastorado tecnocrático que tomó el relevo de la religión como razón de Estado.Supported by Laureano Gómez’s political leadership, Félix Restrepo S.J.’s corporatism would have constituted the alternative of Catholic governmentality for the years 1930-1964, in which the processes of political subjectivation and government of the population were designed from a type of pastoral power whose aims were doctrinal. It is also proposed in this work that corporatism survived the political decline of Laureano Gómez, since in that political model converged, via elimination of the conflict produced by the division of labor and naturalization of the hierarchies of social order, two traditions of thought: the neo-Thomistic philosophy and the Comtean positivism; complex character of corporatism that ensured that, once defeated the ideological project of laureanist Catholic nationalism, came back corporatist solutions to the social question, this time assuming the form of a technocratic pastorate that took over from religion as a state reason.Magíster en HistoriaMaestrí

Caminando en la ruta sentipensante: configuración de experiencias pedagógicas nivel inicial

494 páginasEste texto es realizado en el contexto del Plan de Desarrollo 2016 – 2020, “Bogotá mejor para todos”, en el que se señala: Bogotá es entendida como una ciudad educadora, en la que todos los ciudadanos son agentes educadores y todos los espacios pueden ser escenarios pedagógicos para el aprendizaje. Una ciudad educadora tiene como centro el conocimiento e inspira aprendizaje, formas y lenguajes para reconocernos, para reencontrarnos; los espacios para el aprendizaje son entendidos como espacios para la vida, en los que se posibilita la investigación y la innovación para vivir mejor, para reinventarnos como ciudad, una ciudad mejor para todos. Los dieciocho textos aquí presentados, fruto del acompañamiento pedagógico realizado por el IDEP en 2019, son base y referente para seguir aportando en la configuración y consolidación de comunidades de saber y práctica pedagógica de la ciudad, así como en la conformación de colectivos y redes de maestros. Son la evidencia de un potente trabajo de acompañamiento a experiencias de nivel inicial, caracterizadas por contar con ideas o avances para problematizar, estructurar, fundamentar, elaborar estrategias y un plan de acción

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Paul Ricoeur y Michel Foucault : a propósito de la continuidad o discontinuidad de la historia

Este estudio busca aproximar las obras de Paul Ricoeur y Michel Foucault y, además, revisar las críticas que Ricoeur hizo a la filosofía de Foucault, en particular a La arqueología del saber (1969), en dos de sus obras capitales: Tiempo y narración - sobre todo en su tercer volumen, publicado en 1985- y La memoria, la historia, el olvido (2000). La reflexión está dirigida por la siguiente pregunta: ¿Qué diferencias teóricas, metodológicas y prácticas pueden establecerse entre la obra de estos dos autores a partir de la postura que estos asumen a propósito del problema de la continuidad o discontinuidad de la historia?This study seeks to approximate the works of Paul Ricoeur and Michel Foucault and also review Ricoeur ’s criticisms of Foucault' s philosophy, particularly Archeology of Knowledge (1969), in two of his capital works: Time and Narrative -Especially in his third volume, published in 1985- and Memory, history, forgetting (2000). The reflection is directed by the following question: What theoretical, methodological and practical differences can be established between the work of these two authors based on the position they assume about the problem of the continuity or discontinuity of history?Filósofo (a)Pregrad

Cuando se borró el nombre de Dios: Laureano Gómez, Félix Restrepo S.J. y el corporativismo colombiano (1930 -1964)

Contando con el liderazgo político de Laureano Gómez, el proyecto corporativista de Félix Restrepo S.J. habría constituido la alternativa de gubernamentalidad católica para los años 1930-1964, en la cual los procesos de subjetivación política y gobierno de la población se diseñaban a partir de un tipo de poder pastoral cuyos fines eran doctrinales. También se busca mostrar en este trabajo que el corporativismo sobrevivió al declive político de Laureano Gómez, toda vez que en dicho modelo político convergían, vía eliminación del conflicto producido por la división del trabajo y naturalización de las jerarquías del orden social, dos tradiciones de pensamiento: la filosofía neo-tomista y el positivismo comteano; carácter bifronte del corporativismo que aseguró que, vencido el proyecto ideológico de nacionalismo católico laureanista, saliesen nuevamente a flote las soluciones corporativistas a la cuestión social, asumiendo esta vez la forma de un pastorado tecnocrático que tomó el relevo de la religión como razón de Estado.Supported by Laureano Gómez’s political leadership, Félix Restrepo S.J.’s corporatism would have constituted the alternative of Catholic governmentality for the years 1930-1964, in which the processes of political subjectivation and government of the population were designed from a type of pastoral power whose aims were doctrinal. It is also proposed in this work that corporatism survived the political decline of Laureano Gómez, since in that political model converged, via elimination of the conflict produced by the division of labor and naturalization of the hierarchies of social order, two traditions of thought: the neo-Thomistic philosophy and the Comtean positivism; complex character of corporatism that ensured that, once defeated the ideological project of laureanist Catholic nationalism, came back corporatist solutions to the social question, this time assuming the form of a technocratic pastorate that took over from religion as a state reason

Trajectories and intellectual projects : social thought in Latin America and Colombia

Este libro ha sido pensado como una reconstrucción comparada e las trayectorias que ha tenido el pensamiento social latinoamericano, a través de los ensayistas, el surgimiento de la sociología, la institución de la crítica literaria y la trasformación de ciertos conceptos en relación con coyunturas de la historia social y política colombiana y latinoamericana. El objetivo de esta organización es que el lector pueda conocer el proceso a través del cual el pensamiento social se fue transformando, junto con ciertos hitos que permiten su visión comparada. Los capítulos de esta compilación no comparten un enfoque; sin embargo, es posible seguir cómo, en diferentes países latinoamericanos, se fue configurando una manera de observar la realidad de una región que se ha debatido entre entenderse como una particularidad o asumir el destino de ser una simple variante del proceso de occidentalización. Para superar ese ir y venir, es necesario plantearse el problema de la emancipación cultural como parte del desarrollo cognitivo de los seres humanos a largo plazo. Lo que implica, entonces, es entender la especificidad histórica latinoamericana en términos de la apropiación del ser humano de sí mismo y de su entorno. Los trabajos aquí presentados proponen algunas pistas para avanzar en esa dirección.Bogot

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)