Pharmaceutical use of galactomannans

The pharmaceutical use of galactomannans from different sources, commercial and noncommercial, has been extensively studied over the past decade. Galactomannans show potential in the global trend towards the use of more plant-based products for ecological motives, and their production and application do not cause pollution or disturb the ecosystem. There is a variety of galactomannan sources and various pharmaceutical forms of application, such as tablets or capsules, hydrogels and films. Besides the simple use as inert excipient this polysaccharides play role in the modification of drug release, especially in colonic environmental, as a matrix or coating material

Ozonized oils: a review of its quality control, stability and effectiveness in the treatment of Acne vulgaris

Acne affects most young people and its topical treatment with antibacterials is associated with increased bacterial resistance to antibiotics and adverse effects. As an alternative, ozone therapy stands out through the application of ozonized oils. The objective of this work was to raise the scientific evidence about the effectiveness in the treatment of acne, in addition to the techniques of characterization and stability of ozonated oils. This is an exploratory, descriptive study with a quantitative approach, based on the analysis of scientific references in a bibliographic review of the expository type, of the last 20 years. Among the selected references, only four manuscripts reporting clinical studies of ozone therapy, with controversial results. Seven articles with the physicochemical characterization of ozonated oils were found. The major part of manuscripts reported the use of sunflower, sesame and olive oil. The more common techniques used to characterize the ozonation process are the peroxide value (PV) and the iodine index (Ii), which represents the proportion of unsaturated groups, whose values increase and decrease, respectively with ozonization progress. The viscosity of oils is increased by the formation of polymeric peroxides; the FTIR spectrum, which identifies the decrease in the stretch bands C = C, in addition to ozone formation, monitored by NMR, are also employed. Increased antimicrobial activity has been demonstrated with the ozone level of the oils, but the activity against Cutibacterium acne has not been reported. Only two article reported satisfactory stability for 6 months of refrigerated ozonized oil or kept at room temperature, showing the need for more specific research to support the application of ozonized oils in the treatment of acne and stability data of these products

Effect of enhancers on the in vitro percutaneous absorption of piroxicam from compounding formulations

Formulations of piroxicam in Lanette® (L) or Net Fs® (N) vehicles, with or without permeation enhancers, the ethanol (E) or propylene glycol (P) were developed. The piroxicam permeation through porcine ear skin, in a Franz Cell was evaluated, comparing with a commercial product. The permeate was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a 5 mm C18 column with mobile phase methanol:phosphate buffer (60:40), at 354 nm and the run time of 10 min. This method was validated and the limit of quantification was 0.138 mg/mL, with linearity over 0.02-5 µg/mL, without endogenous skin interference. The order of piroxicam permeation after 24 h was: LE >; L>; Feldene® >; N >; LP >; NP >; NE. The L based formulations showed greater piroxicam permeation compared with N based formulations, particularly up to 10 h of experiment. The ethanol enhancer provided the highest piroxicam permeation. The commercial product shows a different behavior, providing piroxicam permeation almost after 10 h. These results show the development of effective, simple and economic percutaneous formulations of piroxicam allowing the choice of formulations for higher or lower piroxicam permeation.Formulações de piroxicam com base Lanette® (L) ou Net Fs ® (N), com ou sem promotores de absorção (etanol-E ou propilenoglicol-P), foram desenvolvidas. O estudo de permeação de piroxicam das formulações foi realizado em célula de Franz, usando pele de porco e o desempenho foi comparado com a especialidade farmacêutica. O fármaco permeado foi analisado por método desenvolvido por CLAE usando uma coluna analítica C18 de 15 x 0,46 cm, com fase móvel metanol: tampão fosfato (60:40), comprimento de onda de 354 nm e o tempo de corrida foi de 10 min. O ensaio foi validado e apresentou limite de quantificação de 0,138 mg/mL , linearidade na faixa de 0,02-5 µg/mL e não ocorreu interferência de substâncias endógenas da pele ou da formulação. A ordem de permeação de piroxicam, após 24 horas, foi LE >; L>; Feldene® >; N >; LP >; NP >; NE. As formulações com L mostraram maior permeação de piroxicam quando comparado com as formulações de base N. Entre os promotores, o etanol promoveu a maior permeação do fármaco. Os resultados mostraram o desenvolvimento de formulações tópicas econômicas, de fácil obtenção, com efetiva permeação de piroxicam possibilitando a escolha de formulações com maior ou menor permeação do fármaco

Taxifolin stability: In silico prediction and in vitro degradation with HPLC-UV/UPLC–ESI-MS monitoring

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Problemas de qualidade de insumos vegetais no setor magistral brasileiro: uma análise da literatura e de certificados de farmácias de Maringá, Paraná, Brasil

O setor magistral apresenta um crescimento consistente no mercado farmacêutico brasileiro e a questão da qualidade de insumos vegetais, em sua maioria importados, representa uma preocupação à medida em que vem aumentando a demanda por produtos magistrais, por parte de profissionais farmacêuticos, médicos, nutricionistas, entre outros. Este trabalho visou, inicialmente, levantar dados da literatura sobre a qualidade de insumos vegetais magistrais e, em um segundo momento, analisar o resultado dos serviços analíticos prestado pela Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) no controle de qualidade destes insumos, para farmácias magistrais, entre 11/2020 a 12/2022. Foram encontrados 14 artigos utilizando as palavras-chaves selecionadas, destes, 7 artigos atendiam aos critérios de inclusão, revelando a escassez deste tipo de estudo. No período de 25 meses, 36 insumos vegetais foram analisados pelo laboratório PALAFITO da UEM. A maioria das amostras foram aprovados, porém cerca de 14% (n=5) foram reprovadas, sendo 5,6% (n=2) devido à ausência do marcador. Estes resultados revelam a fragilidade do processo de qualificação de fornecedores pelo setor magistral ou ausência do processo. Em vários casos, foram evidenciados problemas relacionados a ensaios não realizados pelas farmácias, uma vez que seus fornecedores tenham sido qualificados.Palabraschaves: farmácia clínica; cuidado farmacêutico; educação farmacêutica; farmácia prática; serviços farmacêuticos; farmacêutico clínico

Validation of an HPLC method for the determination of 1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone in extracts obtained from Polygala cyparissias

Polygala cyparissias is a plant widespread in Southern Latin America. Recently, we demonstrated the gastroprotective activity of the extract, as well as for one of the isolated metabolites-1,7-dihydroxy-2,3-methylenedioxyxanthone (MDX). In this study, a HPLC method for the quantification of MDX was validated. The HPLC method was linear (0.5-24 µg mL-1 of MDX) with good accuracy, precision and robustness. The content of MDX in the extracts from whole and different parts of the plant ranged from 0 to 5.4 mg g-1 and the gastroprotective index ranged from 72.1 to 99.1%. Thus, the method might be used for the standardization of the extracts based on the MDX marker

Structural and physicochemical characterization and purity assessment of myrsinoic acids A and B, active compounds isolated from Rapanea ferruginea barks

The present study provided a chemical, physical and physicochemical characterization of myrsinoic acids A (MAA) and B (MAB) isolated from stem bark of Rapanea ferruginea Mez (Myrsinaceae). In previous pre-clinical studies these compounds have shown important anti-inflammatory, anticholinesterasic and antimicrobial activities. A gradient stability-indicating LC–UV method was developed, and a forced degradation study was carried out. Purity, logP, solubility, and pKa were determined. Thermal analysis (DSC/TG) was conducted for both compounds. MAB was characterized by X ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). When submitted to stress conditions, both markers showed degradation, with MAA presenting higher lability. The purity of MAA (oil) was 76.20%, while that of MAB (powder) was 98.90%. MAA and MAB exhibited logP values of 3.30 and 3.22, respectively. MAA was very slightly soluble in methanol and acetonitrile, while MAB was slightly soluble in both solvents. Both were practically insoluble in water. MAA and MAB showed pKa of 4.5 and 4.8, respectively. In the SEM analysis, MAB showed a semi-crystalline morphology and high purity when analyzed by XRPD and DSC. This data will contribute to the development, quality control and standardization of pharmaceuticals using MAA and MAB