Нерешенные вопросы менеджмента периоперационной боли

Valeriu Ghereg Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Nicolae Testemitsanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Republic of MoldovaThe following issues were synthesized from literature following unresolved issues of postoperative pain management: 1. controversies of balanced analgesia; 2. persistent postsurgical pain; 3. opioid-induced secondary hyperalgesia; 4. quantitative sensorial testing and postoperative pain; 5. prophylactic antihyperalgesic medication; 6. possible associations between opioid analgesics for pain relief; 7. regional analgesia and cancer recurrence; 8. induced pain; 9. new organizational issues in perioperative pain management. The current state of the aforementioned issues was described and, also, their research perspectives. Although perioperative pain management seems to be a banality, it remains a topic of intense and multidisciplinary research. There are still many unknown and controversial issues that await resolution. В статье проведен обзор новейших данных научной литературы, где были синтезированы и представлены следующие нерешенные вопросы периоперационного обезболивания: 1. противоречия в мультимодальной анальгезии; 2. хронические послеоперационные боли; 3. вторичная опиоидная гиперальгезия; 4. количественное сенсорное тестирование и послеоперационные боли; 5. профилактическая антигиперальгетическая терапия; 6. комбинирование опиоидных анальгетиков для облегчения боли; 7. региональное обезболивание и рецидивирование рака; 8. индуцированная боль; 9. новые организационные вопросы в периоперационном управлении болью. Представлены также перспективные направления для дальнейших исследований перечисленных нерешенных вопросов. Несмотря на то, что лечение периоперационной боли кажется банальностью, она остается объектом интенсивных, междисциплинарных исследований. Есть еще много неизвестных и спорных вопросов, которые ждут своего решения

Rolul factorului uman în generarea discordanţei deciziei de tratament pe exemplul unui model de apreciere a frecvenţei respiratorii

Studiul de tip prospectiv a fost efectuat asupra a 63 pacienţi internaţi într-o unitate de terapie intensivă. Scopul a fost evaluarea rolului factorului uman în generarea discordanţei deciziei terapeutice, comparând înregistrarea manuală cu cea automată a frecvenţei respiratorii (parametru luat drept model experimental). Valorile frecvenţei respiratorii, înregistrate manual, au fost semnifi cativ diferite faţă de cele redate de monitor. Disordanţa deciziilor de corecţie a funcţiei respiratorii, luate în baza datelor scrise, au fost semnifi cativ diferite faţă de cele luate în baza monitorizării. Monitorizarea pacienţilor este indispensabilă pentru luarea unei decizii de tratament corecte şi reduce semnifi cativ impactul factorului uman în generarea discordanţei

Ethical procedures and patient consent differ in Europe

BACKGROUND: Research ethics approvals, procedures and requirements for institutional research ethics committees vary considerably by country and by type of organisation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the requirements and procedures of research ethics committees, details of patient information and informed consent based on a multicentre European trial. DESIGN: Survey of European hospitals participating in the prospective observational study on chronic postsurgical pain (euCPSP) using electronic questionnaires. SETTING: Twenty-four hospitals in 11 European countries. PARTICIPANTS: From the 24 hospitals, 23 local investigators responded; 23 answers were analysed. OUTCOME MEASURES: Comparison of research ethics procedures and committee requirements from the perspective of clinical researchers. Comparison of the institutions' procedures regarding patient information and consent. Description of further details such as costs and the duration of the approval process. RESULTS: The approval process lasted from less than 2 weeks up to more than 2 months with financial fees varying between 0 and 575 €. In 20 hospitals, a patient information sheet of variable length (half page up to two pages) was provided. Requirements for patients' informed consent differed. Written informed consent was mandatory at 12, oral at 10 and no form of consent at one hospital. Details such as enough time for consideration, possibility for withdrawal and risks/benefits of participation were provided in 25 to 30% of the institutions. CONCLUSION: There is a considerable variation in the administrative requirements for approval procedures by research ethics committees in Europe. This results in variation of the extent of information and consent procedures for the patients involved

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Chronic postsurgical pain in Europe: An observational study

BACKGROUND Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is an important clinical problem. Prospective studies of the incidence, characteristics and risk factors of CPSP are needed. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence and risk factors of CPSP. DESIGN A multicentre, prospective, observational trial. SETTING Twenty-one hospitals in 11 European countries. PATIENTS Three thousand one hundred and twenty patients undergoing surgery and enrolled in the European registry PAIN OUT. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Pain-related outcome was evaluated on the first postoperative day (D1) using a standardised pain outcome questionnaire. Review at 6 and 12 months via e-mail or telephonic interview used the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the DN4 (Douleur Neuropathique four questions). Primary endpoint was the incidence of moderate to severe CPSP (numeric rating scale, NRS ≥3/10) at 12 months. RESULTS For 1044 and 889 patients, complete data were available at 6 and 12 months. At 12 months, the incidence of moderate to severe CPSP was 11.8% (95% CI 9.7 to 13.9) and of severe pain (NRS ≥6) 2.2% (95% CI 1.2 to 3.3). Signs of neuropathic pain were recorded in 35.4% (95% CI 23.9 to 48.3) and 57.1% (95% CI 30.7 to 83.4) of patients with moderate and severe CPSP, respectively. Functional impairment (BPI) at 6 and 12 months increased with the severity of CPSP (P<0.01) and presence of neuropathic characteristics (P<0.001). Multivariate analysis identified orthopaedic surgery, preoperative chronic pain and percentage of time in severe pain on D1 as risk factors. A 10% increase in percentage of time in severe pain was associated with a 30% increase of CPSP incidence at 12 months. CONCLUSION The collection of data on CPSP was feasible within the European registry PAIN OUT. The incidence of moderate to severe CPSP at 12 months was 11.8%. Functional impairment was associated with CPSP severity and neuropathic characteristics. Risk factors for CPSP in the present study were chronic preoperative pain, orthopaedic surgery and percentage of time in severe pain on D1. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01467102

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study (Intensive Care Medicine, (2021), 47, 2, (160-169), 10.1007/s00134-020-06234-9)

1832The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake. The members of the ESICM Trials Group Collaborators were not shown in the article but only in the ESM. The full list of collaborators is shown below. 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Zakalik G.; Pagella G.; Baini M.; Campos P.A.; Sabbag I.; Schmukler A.; Fonseca I.P.; Alvarez G.M.; Ramirez M.; Tapia F.; Bascary C.A.; del Valle Gimenez G.; Bertoletti F.P.; Milioto E.; Bonsignore P.J.M.; Fernandez M.A.; Smith J.; Chimunda T.; Thompson L.; Maguire T.; Watts S.; Mitchell M.; Powell M.; Lye I.; Parsons L.; Baker N.; Reynolds C.; Thompson A.; Masters K.; Sosnowski K.; Morrison L.; Leslie G.D.; Lakshmanan R.; Tabah A.; Brown W.; McDowell-Skaines S.; McLucas A.; Smith C.; Tallot M.; Jones S.; Barakat-Johnson M.; Leong T.; Butcher R.; Martin K.; Douschan P.; von Lewinski D.; Eller P.; Schmutz R.; Kolussi U.; Salman F.; Ateya Z.; Mostafa N.; De Decker K.; Van Regenmortel N.; Jans A.; Wijnands P.; Coremans S.; De Bels D.; Depuydt T.; Paillet C.; Jacquet L.-M.; Swinnen W.; Hannes F.; Mergeay M.; Van de Velde S.; Allaert S.; Hoste P.; Borin C.; Balon S.; Fraipont V.; Biston P.; De Schryver N.; Dugernier T.; Van Cotthem I.; Telleria V.M.; Smajic J.; de Almeida A.O.; Jorge S.A.; Becker D.; Schmidt R.C.; Oliveira E.; Ramalho A.; Mazocoli E.; Fioretti A.; Barros E.; Serpa L.; Bianchini S.; Campanili T.; Pantaleao T.; Garcia P.C.; Ronchini A.L.V.; Santos R.; Nafees K.M.K.; Manap N.B.A.; Hentchoya R.; Bagshaw S.; Carney D.; Bagshaw S.; Davidow J.; Bagshaw S.; Rokosh E.; Bagshaw S.; Laizner A.M.; Smith S.; McQuirter M.; Kampayana B.S.; Favre R.; Sills M.; Laizner A.M.; Dallaire J.; Laizner A.M.; Becker C.; Microys S.; Bowes B.; Lajeunesse J.; Ghosh R.; Baptiste-Savoie J.; Raizman R.; Bagshaw S.; Suen G.; Taghavi N.; Smith O.; Fielding C.; Canales J.; Molina P.; Chaparro J.; Sepulveda M.I.; Zamorano M.J.F.; Rocha P.; Villanueva X.; Araya P.; Dayan M.; Avalos F.; Li X.; Liu Y.; Li X.; Chen X.; Jiang Z.; Yang J.; Chen J.; Yang L.; Wang K.; Gao J.; Fang X.; Zhao R.; Xia X.; Liu H.; Li J.; Wang H.; Meng G.; Di Y.; Wang D.; Zhao R.H.; Hu L.P.; Fang X.; Peipei X.; Jiao Q.F.; Wang H.Y.; Xia C.J.; Liu Y.; Ye M.; Wan Y.; Wang W.; Ding Y.; Ren A.; Gao Y.; Li Q.; Du G.; Yang J.; Shen Y.; Ding Y.; Li N.; Yuan C.; Li J.; Tan L.; Lin Q.; Guo H.; Yan H.; Xu X.; Zhang W.; Liang J.; Zhang L.; Tian E.; Zhao Q.; InSu L.; Dong J.; Gu Y.; Liu Y.; Zhao L.; Wang W.; Qiao H.; Tuo L.; Lv M.; Zhu J.Y.; Zhu J.F.; Wei Y.; Liu M.; He Y.; Cheng J.; Liu J.; Jia N.; Wei D.; Li Q.; Wu X.; Duan H.; Lin D.; Liang Q.; Luo X.; Xiong Y.; Huang R.F.; Fu J.; Zan T.; Ye M.; Shi Z.; Long Y.; Lei Y.; Liu X.; Yumei C.; Wang L.L.; Zhang Y.; Xu Y.; Cheng; Zhijuan W.; Sun C.; Song J.H.; Wang Y.; Liu X.M.; Liu Y.; Yuan Y.; Huang Q.; Yang F.; Wu Y.; Luo X.; Bai X.; Zheng H.; Song M.; Sun Y.; Li Z.S.; Luo F.; Liu M.; Li L.C.; Li X.; Zhang G.; Xiao L.; Yu T.; Gao G.; Wei W.; Wang F.; Han T.; Li T.; Zeng Q.; Zeng J.M.; Long Y.; Pan F.; Wang J.; He G.; Chen H.; Zhang F.; Chao Y.; Chunhua G.; Yao X.; Bai D.; Liu L.; Xu X.; Wang Y.; Liang X.; Zhang N.; Li X.; Zhang A.; Chen X.; Hu X.C.; Zhang H.; Wang R.X.; Tak P.S.; Ho S.W.; Jiang Q.X.; Ding X.; Hong L.; Miao L.; Feng Z.; Huang L.P.; Wu J.; Wang Y.; Guo J.; Zhang B.; Ma C.; Han Y.; Liu C.; Ding M.; Luan L.; Zheng J.; Lv S.; Jiang S.; Cao W.; Xue X.; Li J.; Liu G.; Wang J.; Wei X.; Zhang W.; Jiang Y.; Yao Z.; Gao L.; Li J.; Zhao W.; Jiang M.; Hao J.; Zhang J.; Song C.; Chen F.; Wang S.; Hu L.; Cao D.; Liu Y.; Wan J.; Wang X.; Shao H.; Zhang Z.; Cui X.; Liu J.; Zhao L.; Li X.; Fan L.; Zhang L.; Yu M.; Li B.; Li C.; Liu L.; Liu X.L.; Chen W.; Li Y.; Zhigang Z.; Yuchen W.; Mu C.; Zhu G.; Yang F.; Bo Q.; Li L.; Chen M.; Jiang J.H.; Yin H.; Pang X.; Gong Y.Y.; Yang S.; Yan X.; Zheng X.; Lei D.H.; Lei L.; Guo Y.; Liu L.; Yu J.; Sun W.; Bi A.P.; Li W.; Wu Y.; Li J.; Ni D.; Li X.; Liu Y.; Wu Z.; Song B.; Chen J.; Fei Q.; Xiaoyan Y.; Ran Q.; Xixi L.; Jiao X.; Ji H.; Zhiping S.; Hong M.; Jianhong M.; Hao Y.; Yin L.; Wang Y.; Hui C.; Ju W.; Xia X.; Huo Y.; Wang Y.; Chen L.; Yan Y.; Zhao Q.; Chen H.; Bao G.; Cao Y.; Hong L.; Zhang H.; Zhang Y.; Xu L.; Guixiang J.; Li Y.; Zhao H.M.; Huang X.; Dai Z.; Jian Y.; Zhang H.; Tian Z.; Cao Z.Q.; Li M.; Liu Y.; Ouyang F.; Ma F.; Jin W.; Ge L.; Wu S.F.; Li J.; Yuan W.; Chen T.; Shi G.; Chen Z.; Liu K.; Lin X.; Yuemen L.; Lijuan S.; Tian X.F.; Wang S.; Feng Z.X.; Liu X.Z.; Dong Y.; Zhang J.; Bocui N.; Jiang Z.X.; Yang J.; Wang G.X.; Zhao Y.; Wu X.; Yang Q.; Hu R.L.; Li X.Q.; Yu Z.J.; Yao Y.; Deng X.; Xiao Y.; Xie Y.; Yang Y.; Yang H.; Zhou Y.; Li Z.; Xiao M.; Yang Y.X.; Tian Y.; Gama L.M.S.; Hernandez J.S.; Cardenas Y.; Caicedo N.; Marin J.; Ochoa M.-E.; Gomez M.; Rojas-Suarez J.; Gonzalez J.; Reyes A.J.G.; Chapeta E.; Orozco E.; Filipovic-Grcic I.; Vukovic A.; Pecenkovic S.; Suput A.; Sustic A.; Zivanovic-Posilovic G.; Bozena A.; Udiljak N.; Milic M.; Radivojevic R.C.; Mihaljevic S.; Matas M.; Tonkovic D.; Culjak H.; Herceg I.; Pavlisa G.; Dobric M.; Beker T.; Adam V.N.; Goranovic T.; Markoulias C.; Mathaios M.; Mylordou M.; Achilleos E.; Kleanthous P.; Kotanidi V.; Foka M.; Charalabous I.; Alexandrou A.; Georgiou M.; Patsalos A.; Zepoy S.; Constantinou C.; Piza P.; Vymazal T.; Wiborg E.; Bruhn L.; Kaasby K.; Pedersen K.R.; Mikkelsen S.; Collet M.; Langvad A.; Andresen H.; Fischer S.; Kjaergard I.E.; Jepsen B.; Husted B.; Bestle M.; Kodal A.M.; Hansen T.C.B.; Pedersen A.S.B.; Thomsen T.D.; Hoegenhaven A.; From M.; Frandsen T.M.; Henning G.; Hansen A.; Jensen H.I.; Bliksted I.A.; Tamayo L.M.; Mogrovejo P.; Aguirre-Bermeo H.; Palaez C.; Tutillo D.R.M.; Hurtado C.V.; Garcia M.F.; Alvarez D.; Guerrero F.; Vasquez A.; Kutimets M.; Tamme K.; Maddison L.; Anvelt E.; Dlamini-Sserumaga L.; Lofqvist C.; Lusenius V.; Kauppi O.; Sakki J.-K.; Tervo-Heikkinen T.; Kesti U.; Merilainen M.; Karjula E.; Peltomaa M.; Palmu A.; Ahtiala M.; Valta M.A.; Mentec H.; Plantefeve G.; Besch G.; Pili-Floury S.; Ledochowski S.; Deserts M.D.; Giacardi C.; Daubin C.; Massard A.; Le Guen Y.; Blanc A.; Mandaroux S.; Gunther S.C.; Avogadro P.; Radavidson A.; Turc J.; Jochmans S.; Quintard H.; Boyer L.; Bruel C.; Philippart F.; Montravers P.; Atchade E.; Flessel N.; Chinardet B.; Soulisse L.; Pillard C.; Ngo D.; Bongiorno B.; Heitzler N.; Souppart V.; Gautheret N.; Timsit J.-F.; Essardy F.; Fartoukh M.; Mehay D.; Etourneau F.; Farkas J.-C.; Beuret P.; Preda G.; De Montmollin E.; Castelain V.; Jaschinski U.; Rothenfusser M.; Kindgen-Milles D.; Dimski T.; Fiedler C.; Heinicke T.; Meybohm P.; Schulze T.; Bota M.; Pelz S.; Odenthal T.; Christ M.; Bloos F.; Bosl K.; Chovas A.; Stehr S.; Simon P.; Grotheer S.; Schuppel S.; Schaller S.; Albrecht L.; Stubner A.; Graeser S.; Kolbe N.; Lausch M.; Diers A.; Guenther U.; Riessen R.; Roller M.; Osei I.P.; Kusi-Appiah A.-C.; Yakubu Y.H.; Guadi-Gosh B.; Dragoumanis C.; Christofis C.; Kazakos N.; Bastani S.; Martinos C.; Bekos V.; Papanikolaou M.; Papavasilopoulou T.; Efthymiou A.; Chantziara V.; Kyriakoudi A.; Kakaras N.; Diakaki C.; Flevari A.; Nikolaou C.; Katerina K.; Avramopoulou L.; Tsikritsaki K.; Gkiokas G.; Pantiora E.; Katsenos C.; Patsiou E.-C.; Alexandropoulou P.; Koutsodimitropoulos I.; Farmakis E.; Nestora K.; Chatzis M.; Kondili E.; Soundoulounaki S.; Mousafiri O.; Lepida D.; Liarmakopoulou A.; Koulouras V.; Papathanakos G.; Oikonomou M.; Ioannides P.; Papadopoulos D.; Staikos I.; Stafylaraki M.; Raitsiou B.; Mandis K.; Ravani I.; Kourelea S.; Efthimiou A.; Thoma G.; Bakas A.; Psarulis K.; Anisoglou S.; Papageorgiou E.; Michailidou E.; Tholioti T.; Lavrentieva A.; Sourla E.; Spyropoulou A.; Pantelas N.; Stalika K.M.M.; Georgakas I.; Karathanou A.; Tsikriki S.; Dimoula A.; Kanakaki S.; Vakalos A.; Pagioulas K.; Enamorado J.E.; Nardai G.; Hawchar F.; Blondal A.; Rygvadottir B.; Jonasdottir R.J.; Birgisdottir H.; Shah B.; Kaushik S.; Tripathy S.; Singh M.; Agarwal S.; Gupta M.; Ahmad M.; Mangal K.; Bhargava V.; Kushare V.; Jha S.; Bhakhtiani L.; Gupta A.; Kamal M.; Gurjar M.; Baronia A.; Kilapong B.; Susanti A.; Lestari M.I.; Zulkifli Z.; Baskoro W.; Zand F.; Zarei F.; Mahmoodpoor A.; Heidari F.; Jafaraghaee F.; O'Shea A.; O'Shea F.; O'Donnell C.; Craig G.; Fitzpatrick G.; Dunne L.; Hastings J.; Marsh B.; Cody C.; Campbell E.; Doyle D.; Pacturanan M.; Sheehan C.; Carey A.; Carter C.; Mulvey R.; Finn D.O.C.R.; Motherway C.; Walsh A.; Kehoe J.; Delossantos S.; Lalor J.; O'Nuallain S.; Behan H.; McPherson S.; Corcoran A.; Gordon P.; Rooney G.; Levy D.; Azencot M.; Gurevich V.; Lavy A.; Bendelari V.; Marconi R.; Barone A.; Gatti C.; Giampaoletti A.; Borgognoni C.; Ghioldi D.M.; Raimondo A.; Castiglione G.; Bruno A.V.; Rubulotta G.; Mo A.; Corso A.; Girianni S.; Bruni A.; Garofalo E.; Maggiore S.M.; Di Risio A.; Calamai I.; Spina R.; Spadaro S.; Volta C.A.; Cotoia A.; Mirabella L.; Maulicino L.; Abregal G.; Donvito M.; D'Ambrosio P.; Binda F.; Adamina I.; Galazzi A.; Negro A.; Vaschetto R.; Capuzzi F.; Boschetto M.; Stivanello L.; Bonaccorso L.; Megna C.; Cortegiani A.; Iozzo P.; Rizzo A.; Scire G.; Taibi M.R.; Tranello F.P.; Manzo A.; Traina L.; Pastore B.; Quaini A.; Giusti G.D.; Montaldi G.; Piergentili F.; Mancini F.; Casaioli S.; Uccelli F.; Guarracino F.; Onelli A.; Di Gravio V.; Cossu M.; Matrona O.; Rocco M.; Alampi D.; Dellafiore F.; Ranalli F.; Bossolasco M.; Brizio E.; Migliorino P.; Cortellazi P.; Rosati M.; D'Ambrosio F.; Quagliotto C.; Roman-Pognuz E.; Peratoner A.; De Rosa S.; Martin M.A.; De Sanctis F.; Ciorba P.; Fletcher K.; Toppin P.; Harding-Goldson H.; Taito S.; Shime N.; Yamamoto R.; Kanda F.; Hirao A.; Egi M.; Noguchi A.; Hashimoto S.; Aya U.; Sakuramoto H.; Ohuchi A.; Kataoka J.; Maruyama K.; Nakayama I.; Nishime Y.; Fujimoto K.; Takahashi K.; Tsujimoto M.; Shimizu M.; Waweru-Siika W.; Tole E.; Correia M.C.; Kim J.H.; Park S.; Kim K.C.; Baek J.; Bae J.-M.; Park S.Y.; Park T.S.; Lee H.B.; Park S.Y.; Park J.; Yeon-Joo L.; Young-Jae C.; Lee S.-M.; Jeon K.; Kim S.C.; Lee J.; Chee H.K.; Huh J.W.; Sim Y.S.; Kim J.; Chang Y.; Ahn J.-J.; Kang B.J.; Lee W.-Y.; Lee S.J.; Hadri B.; Baftiu N.; Krastins I.; Dolgusevs M.; Abillama F.F.; Stiban S.; Feghaly M.E.; Gharios E.; Merheb M.; Benlamin M.; Khaled A.; Belkhair W.A.; Tabib M.; Ashour F.; Elhadi A.; Tababa O.W.E.; Khaled T.; Alkhumsi S.I.R.; Alshrif A.I.; Aboufray A.A.; Alabuzidi A.; Triki A.R.; Elgammudi M.; Zahra H.B.; Soula E.; Al-Alawi M.M.S.; Ahmed H.; Ghula M.A.A.; Vosylius S.; Mouton L.; Rastegar T.; Sertznig C.; Martin G.; Thix C.; Theisen C.; Ferretti C.; Gils F.; Gallion M.; Zainudin A.; Bahrin L.K.K.; Deva S.R.; Rahim A.H.A.; Wahab S.; Mazlan M.Z.; Hassan W.N.W.; Ismail W.N.W.; Ali M.N.; Khoo T.M.; Samat N.M.; Tong J.M.G.; Adib N.A.N.; Nor M.B.M.; Ratnam S.; Ismail N.; Ratnam S.; Sulaiman S.R.; Foong K.W.; Alias A.; Hua N.P.; Maiyalagan S.; Maiyalagan S.; Zermeno J.M.; Blanco D.; Duran K.; Nava C.L.L.; Nandyelly S.J.R.; Sanchez-Hurtado L.A.; Tejeda-Huezo B.; Del Moral Armengol M.; Nava L.P.A.; Herrera J.G.; de Anda G.F.V.; Gallegos-Perez H.; Hernandez-Sanchez N.; Hernandez-Ponce L.; Gorordo-Delsol L.; Hernandez-Romero M.; Gomez S.; Molinar F.; Namendys-Silva S.A.; Romero-Gonzalez J.P.; Gonzalez D.; Landaverde A.; Sosa M.A.; Navarro B.; de Molina Serrano J.I.R.; Iburrigarro S.R.; Ibarra A.; Aguirre J.; Martinez-Gonzalez M.; Padilla N.R.C.; Pineda A.A.V.; Villafuerte M.V.E.; Herrera M.O.G.; Belii A.; Naranpurev M.; Baasanjav B.; Hachimi A.; Elkhayari M.; Abidi K.; Dendane T.; Subedi N.B.; Pathak S.D.; Gautam P.; Manandhar M.; Van Gulik L.; Van Den Brink M.; Van Vliet P.; Gerretsen B.; Van Den Berg L.; De Haan M.; Tuinstra B.; Kuijpers P.; Reijntjens J.; Vermeijden J.W.; Rinket M.; Vanroest M.; Reidinga A.; Loef B.; Dieperink W.; Onrust M.; Dormans T.; Bormans L.; Koopmans M.; Gerritsen R.T.; Van Den Elst A.; Evers M.; Oiting O.; Wilting R.; Ramaker B.; van der Kuil M.; Fijen J.-W.; Haas L.; De Lange D.; Haringman J.; Newby L.; Parke R.; Gilder E.; Hacking D.; Dagooc R.; Song R.; Waibel H.; Dawn F.; Rapley J.; Chadwick L.; Chapman C.; Crone P.; Albrett J.; Marko P.; Goodson J.; Browne T.; Whitticase R.; Davidson C.; Judd H.; Owens D.; Onyeka T.; Ugwu I.; Ilesanmi R.; Adejumo P.O.; Owojuyigbe A.; Adenekan A.; Uba S.; Chime C.; Jibrin D.; Sankey B.J.; Adekola O.; Olanipekun S.; Olanipekun S.; Adekola O.; Shosolcheva M.; Gievski V.; Kartalov A.; Naumovski F.; Kuzmanovska B.; Trposak A.; Bogoevska-Miteva Z.; Rosalia R.; Olsen B.F.; Sjobo B.; Jensen K.D.; Sykehus D.; Johansen B.F.; Straede E.; Johansen E.; Finnstrom I.J.; Toellefsen A.; Ostenjo H.; Bjorgen H.; Bratsberg B.; Kristoffersen E.; Skorstad E.M.; Hansen S.; Vullum S.; Lunde G.A.; Arntsen W.; Lund M.; Akselsen G.R.; Monstad K.R.; Stenset A.; Haugom H.; Monsen B.; Hogvall L.; Trudvang S.; Galaaen B.; Malmin S.K.; Andersen M.H.; Hargott R.F.; Andersen Y.; Steffenak E.; Nyhus M.; Meland B.; Hashmi M.; Rivas N.; Maidana E.; de Jesus Ortiz A.; Cabral D.M.B.; Simi M.; Aponte C.; Rivas J.C.; Gill S.; Garcia A.; Alvarenga G.; Cespedes L.; Perez H.; Moreira M.L.; Canete F.; Gonzalez R.; Monges N.; Garcia A.; Coman M.; Pederzani M.; Franco N.; Aganon F.; Martinez R.; Noblezada-Uy D.; Ellazar C.G.; Cerezo F.D.; Hernandez A.M.; Palo J.E.; Aperocho C.A.J.; Isanan M.; Tubacka M.; Jasiewicz P.; Czuczwar M.; Borys M.; Gutysz-Wojnicka A.; Glinka L.; Gawda R.; Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz M.; Bilawicz J.; Cabrita P.; Vieira J.; Figueiredo M.F.; Pinheiro C.M.; Antunes N.; Pedro L.; Ferreira F.; Parente I.; Varela M.; Fernandes F.; Martins C.; Viveiros A.; Cavaco R.; Rita C.S.; Dias S.; Feranandes A.M.; Silva P.; Nunes C.; Cabral J.; Sousa B.; Pires F.; Ferreira H.; Santos J.; Pinto V.M.V.; Bispo B.M.; Ferreira A.; Molinos E.; Lafuente E.; Gregorio R.; Costa H.; Lima A.; Ferreira S.; Seromenho V.; Luis E.; Valerio I.; Cesar H.; Tavares A.; Alsheikhly A.S.; Mahmood S.; Guran C.T.; Moise A.; Filipescu D.C.; Luchian M.; Tomescu D.; Popescu M.; Scutariu M.A.; Petrisor C.; Hagau N.; Grigoras I.; Patrichi T.; Gusarev V.; Pivkina A.; Kulakov V.; Ignatenko O.; Kovaleva J.; Zhivotneva T.; Zhedaeva M.; Matiushkov N.; Ershova O.; Egorova N.; Khoronenko V.; Baskakov D.; Sergeev D.; Piradov M.; Grishina L.; Magomedov M.; Zuev E.; Gorokhovatsky U.; Leonova A.; Fadeeva L.; Belskiy V.; Galishevskiy D.; Zubareva N.; Tribulev M.; Zueva O.; Kiselev A.; Kamenshchikov N.; Tokareva E.; Petrushin M.; Starchenko I.; Twagirumugabe T.; Nshimyumuremyi I.; Muhizi J.; Buregeya E.; Nzarora J.; Assiri A.; Ebaid M.S.; Almekhlafi G.; Mandourah Y.; Velickovic J.; Velickovic D.; Jovanovic B.; Hadzibegovic A.; Stefanovic B.; Misic V.; Bumbasirevic V.; Rajkovic M.; Stojanovic M.; Gavrilovic S.; Stanojevic M.; Martonova A.; Yaghi A.; Turcan A.; Firment P.; Slobodianiuk G.; Rabarova D.; Lancaricova D.; Vlaovic J.; Groznik M.; Lukic M.; Perme J.; Sostaric M.; Umek N.; Mirkovic T.; Dolenc S.; Knafelj R.; Fister M.; Zorko N.; Markota A.; Yeni N.P.; Jali P.; Schmollgruber S.; Syed M.R.; Parag N.; Wise R.; Galiana M.; Navarro J.A.; De Pablo A.M.; Albert P.; Martinez P.; Mendiara Y.; Garcia B.; Llinas A.A.; Riveiro M.; Gallart E.; Riera A.; Sanz M.; Salo S.; Lajara M.A.G.; Nieto M.V.; Garcia R.; Pena J.M.G.; Gorgolas M.C.; Isasi M.A.; Sierra R.; Gordo F.; Conejo I.; Salva-Costa V.; Garzon-Tovar C.; Lospitao S.; Gonzalez R.; Gutierrez P.; Girona M.; Adamuz J.; Olivares P.G.; de Ceballos J.P.G.; Tirado C.; De Wit I.; Polo A.B.C.; del Mar Diaz Salcedo M.; Ripolles-Melchor J.; Martinez-Hurtado E.; Alvarez J.D.; Arcas M.L.B.; Gonzalez J.I.T.; de la Ventana A.B.S.; Calleja P.L.-A.; Alvarez R.G.; Zamora P.S.; Guerrero A.O.; Cosano R.; Perez-Vacas J.; Campos-Perez M.; Barreiro E.M.; Sanchez L.C.; Diaz M.G.; Jimenez R.; Del Rio Cabajo L.; Muriel D.S.; Alonso H.F.; Fernandez A.W.; Pinan I.S.; Albaiceta G.M.; Fernandez M.C.I.; Abos F.J.S.; Monedero P.; Chueca R.M.; Aguirre L.G.; Manosa S.C.; Luque C.P.; Calpe N.; Losilla M.R.; Fores M.T.; Farre O.; Fernandez O.; del Rosario Villar Redondo M.; Arteta Arteta D.S.; Sanchez M.A.H.; Espinosa C.P.; Reyes L.M.; Domenech L.C.; Guillen C.V.; Alvarez J.T.; del Cotillo M.; Barrueco-Francioni J.E.; Conde B.B.; Blanco M.P.S.; Blasco M.L.; Clement A.I.; Hurtado C.; Sanz L.C.; Perez-Torres D.; Prol-Silva E.; Pereira J.; Gonzalez I.A.; Cano A.E.; Nunez C.R.; Fernadez I.L.; Fernandez A.A.M.; Del Bosque Diez R.; Hilario B.; Zalba-Etayo B.; Pascual-Bielsa A.; Panka B.; Banwarie P.; Nahar D.; van Axel A.; Boedjawan N.N.; Jansson E.B.; Malvemyr A.-S.; Johansson L.; Sandberg U.; Tingsvik C.; Mattsson G.; Lof G.; Spangfors M.; Ringdal M.; Geijer S.; Orvelius L.; Hylen M.; Lagerhall C.; Joelsson-Alm E.; Akerman E.; Hellkvist V.H.; Mickelsson U.; Akerman E.; Wahlbom E.; Larsson I.-M.; Wallin E.; Boroli F.; Ory S.; Jong M.L.; Dullenkopf A.; Lang M.; Fleury Y.; Maus M.; Ben-Hamouda N.; Fishman A.; Hsu M.Y.; Chang S.C.; Trongtratul K.; Sawawiboon C.; Morakul S.; Khwannimit B.; Merritt-Charles L.; Singh K.; Ventour D.; Figaro-Barclay D.; Sankar-Maharaj S.; Mebazaa M.S.; Kamoun S.; Elatrous S.; Besbes L.; Abroug F.; Naija W.; Elhechmi Y.Z.; Sellami W.; Hajjej Z.; Merhabene T.; Talik I.; Kuscu O.O.; Dilek O.; Zerman A.; Dal H.C.; Turan S.; Aydemir S.; Yilmaz H.; Calili D.K.; Izdes S.; Cengiz M.; Gumus A.; Tasdemir B.; Kagnici A.; Ay M.; Ay S.A.; Caliskan G.; Akbas T.; Balbay A.O.; Efe S.; Inal V.; Elay G.; Karabacak P.; Ozserezli B.; Senturk E.; Demirkiran O.; Bozbay S.; Dikmen Y.; Erdogan E.; Akker M.; Peker N.; Ozgultekin A.; Serin S.O.; Turan C.; Karaoren G.; Goksu S.; Karakurt S.; Arikan H.; Gul F.; Cinel I.; Kara I.; Undar H.N.; Bayraktar Y.S.; Celik J.B.; Tokur M.E.; Aydin D.T.; Yildiz I.; Ozcan B.; Erdivanli B.; Erdivanli B.; Ozcan B.; Eroglu A.; Akdag D.; Unlu N.; Fielding M.; Dungca A.; Ali A.; Thankamma B.; Reyes P.E.; John S.; Rajendran A.; Ahmad F.K.E.; Smiley K.A.; Hojden S.; Miller M.T.; Das Sasidharan Nair V.; Antonio M.G.S.; Qawasmeh K.A.; Shawish S.A.; Twiggs H.; Rosado I.; Babych V.; Morren F.; Young C.; Vaughan-Jones N.; Harris S.; Burns K.; Georgiev C.; Shayamano R.; Kerslake I.; Creber P.; Vochin A.; O'Brien C.; Caddell P.; Hagan S.; Hughes M.; Torlinski T.; Sherwin J.; Kannan S.; Markham A.; Lebon R.; Cupitt J.; Cranshaw J.; White N.; Marriott V.; Milner W.; Groba C.B.; Azoia J.; Polgarova P.; George S.; Kapoor R.; Lynch C.; Fox N.; Cranmer K.; Fox N.; Llewellym T.; Matthews K.; Maltby L.; Ibao J.; Boulton K.; Jarman R.; Baxter K.; Raj A.S.; Moghal A.; White J.; Barrowcliffe S.; Pulletz M.; Ganeshalingam V.; Baruah R.; Baker H.; Woods J.; Ei P.P.; Ogbeide V.; Hayden P.; Matthews K.; Hughes J.; Balasubramanian M.; Salberg A.; Saha R.; Holmquist D.; Young C.; Derbyshire C.; Smith N.; Stones E.; Ademokun J.; Popescu M.; Legorburo M.S.; North S.; Brett C.; Jaundoo H.; Craig J.; Whiteley S.; Howcroft C.; Wilby L.; Delve P.; Shaw D.; Williams K.; Welters I.D.; McMullen J.; Brett S.; Flores L.; Trueman-Dawkins T.; Templeton M.; Adams J.; Smith C.; Prowle J.; Byers H.; McDonnell A.; Rose B.O.; Reece-Anthony R.; Mendes L.; Vizcaychipi M.; Bull R.; Lacaden G.; Santiago E.; Delgado C.C.; Farnell-Ward S.; Thorpe E.; Somerville J.; Williams A.; Cummings D.; Derrick H.; Brumwell S.; Randell C.; McCann N.; Aves E.; Berry G.; Szakmany T.; Gunter U.; Pulak P.; Sarkar N.; Wright K.; Gomes V.; Jones J.; Palfrey R.; Camsooksai J.; Lewis A.; Eneas A.; Tridente A.; Barr L.; Jovaisa T.; Thomas B.; Parkin E.; Horner D.; Frey C.; Bench S.; Baumber R.; Broadhurst P.; Jackson M.; Williams L.; Clark M.; Paddle J.; Bean S.; Buckley S.; Palfreeman C.; Liu S.; Allison N.; Attwood B.; Parsons P.; Houghton V.; Turner S.J.; Higgins D.; Bielskute E.; Horrigan N.; Jacob R.; Habgood K.; Zaki A.; Collins A.; Lord J.; Ramiro C.; Kubisz-Pudelko A.; Kotze M.; Williams H.; Iovenko I.; Tsarev A.; Zgrzheblovska L.; Briva A.; Mendez G.; Napolitano L.; Teig M.; Lee J.; Rodriguez G.E.; Ben-Jacob T.; Potestio C.; Eng T.; Mahanes D.; Khanna A.; Duggal A.;