Optimization of Band Gap and Thickness for the Development of Efficient n-i-p+ Solar Cell

By using an electrical-optical AMPS-1D program (One Dimensional Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic structures), a n-i-p type solar cell, based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si : H) and hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon oxide (nc-SiOx : H) has been investigated and simulated. The numerical analysis describes the modeling of the external cell performances, like, the short-circuit current (JSC), the open circuit voltage (VOC), the fill factor (FF) and efficiency (Eff) with the oxygen content in the p-ncSiOx : H window layer by varying its mobility band gap (Eg) associated simultaneously to the effect of the absorber layer (i-a-Si : H) thickness. Also, the i-a-Si : H absorber layer band gap was optimized. The simulation result shows that the VOC depend strongly on the band offset (ΔEV) in valence band of p-side. But, VOC does not depend on the thickness of the intrinsic layer. However, VOC increases when the energy band gap of the intrinsic layer is higher. It is demonstrated that the highest efficiency of 10.44 % (JSC = 11.67 mA/cm2; FF = 0.829; VOC = 1070 mV) has been obtained when values of p-nc-SiOx : H window layer band gap, i-a-Si : H absorber layer band gap and i-a-Si : H absorber layer thickness are 2.10 eV, 1.86 eV, and 550 nm, respectively

Optimization of Band Gap and Thickness for the Development of Efficient n-i-p+ Solar Cell

By using an electrical-optical AMPS-1D program (One Dimensional Analysis of Microelectronic and Photonic structures), a n-i-p type solar cell, based on hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si : H) and hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon oxide (nc-SiOx : H) has been investigated and simulated. The numerical analysis describes the modeling of the external cell performances, like, the short-circuit current (JSC), the open circuit voltage (VOC), the fill factor (FF) and efficiency (Eff) with the oxygen content in the p-ncSiOx : H window layer by varying its mobility band gap (Eg) associated simultaneously to the effect of the absorber layer (i-a-Si : H) thickness. Also, the i-a-Si : H absorber layer band gap was optimized. The simulation result shows that the VOC depend strongly on the band offset (ΔEV) in valence band of p-side. But, VOC does not depend on the thickness of the intrinsic layer. However, VOC increases when the energy band gap of the intrinsic layer is higher. It is demonstrated that the highest efficiency of 10.44 % (JSC = 11.67 mA/cm2; FF = 0.829; VOC = 1070 mV) has been obtained when values of p-nc-SiOx : H window layer band gap, i-a-Si : H absorber layer band gap and i-a-Si : H absorber layer thickness are 2.10 eV, 1.86 eV, and 550 nm, respectively

Curcumin gum Arabic nanoparticles demonstrate potent antioxidant and cytotoxic properties in human cancer cells

The main purpose of the study was to enhance the stability and therapeutic effects of Curcumin (Cur) through nanoformulation with gum Arabic (GA) as a coating agent through an efficient synthetic approach. The antioxidant properties of the developed nanoparticles (Cur/GANPs) were assessed through several in vitro assays, such as β-carotene bleaching activity, DPPH, and nitric oxide scavenging activities in addition to evaluating its inhibitory activity on angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). The cytotoxicity of Cur/GANPs was evaluated in vitro using different types of human cancer cells including breast cancer (MCF7, MDA-MB231), liver cancer (HepG2), and colon cancer (HT29) cells. The prepared particles displayed an elliptical shape with a size ranging between 20–260 nm and a potential difference of –15 mV. The Cur/GANPs exhibited significant antioxidant activity compared to free curcumin when using concentrations between 31.5 and 500 µg/mL. The Cur/GANPs also had inhibited the growth of all cancer cell lines in a proportional trend with concentrations used. Hence, the encapsulation with gum Arabic has augmented the antioxidant and anti-neoplastic effects of Curcumin. Therefore, Cur/GANPs may have effective therapeutic properties in diseases attributed to oxidative stress like cancer and hypertension

Literature and revelations, illbeing expressed par Assia Djebar in Nulle part dans la maison de mon père

Assia Djebar expresses the reasons for some ill‐being that she exposes in Nulle part dans la maison de mon père, published in 2007. The novelist uses literary expressions to project cultural dimensions through her female narrator, an adult, who remembers her childhood. At the age of four or five, the protagonist got stamped for ever with her father’s rejection of her trial to learn to ride a bicycle. This article explores the dimensions of fear, shame and ill‐being that the protagonist went through from biographical, historical and psychological theoretical backgrounds. Special attention is devoted to the therapy that the narrator goes through as she tries to understand her father’s reaction; she shares her visions of the child she was and narrates her experience. The focus on the father, who seems to have changed into a different human being, is approached through paradoxical dimensions of love and dislike

Intérêt de la MICROCRP dans la fièvre de l'enfant en cabinet de ville

LE KREMLIN-B.- PARIS 11-BU Méd (940432101) / SudocSudocFranceF

Le prix de la célébrité acquise par la transgression

Transgresser est un terme très intéressant qui peut prendre différentes dimensions dans des contextes distincts. Dans le monde de la littérature, la transgression est souvent suggérée par une échappée de normes. Ces normes peuvent découler des règles du genre dans lequel un écrivain s’inscrit. En même temps, ces normes peuvent être le reflet d’institutions à respecter avec des codes de vie bien précis. Nous proposons dans notre article de nous pencher sur deux écrivaines. En effet, Assia Djebar et Charlotte Brontë ont transgressé le genre du roman dans une écriture merveilleusement attirante, réaliste et inspiratrice qui réclame une ouverture sur bien des domaines. Comment ont-elles procédé ? Quels sont les éléments qui leur ont permis d’écrire ? En même temps, thématiquement, ce qui est exposé dans les romans de ces deux écrivaines représente une transgression des normes du code de vie à une époque où peu de femmes pouvaient être porteuses de témoignages à travers l’écriture. En effet pour le dix-neuvième siècle en Angleterre et le vingtième siècle en Algérie, les quêtes des écrivaines vont bien au delà des normes à respecter. Ce qui peut paraitre en 2013 comme normal, ne l’a pas toujours été. Quelles sont les exigences que ces écrivaines ont du braver ? Quels sont les obstacles et les interdits communs aux deux écrivaines dans des époques et des pays bien différents ? Quelles sont les normes, reflétées dans leurs romans, qu’elles se devaient de transgresser ? Notre article propose d’illustrer comment ces deux écrivaines sont parvenues à faire reconnaitre et accepter leurs romans dans des sociétés dominées par des productions masculines. Le prix de la célébrité n’a pas été acquis facilement. The price of fame acquired by transgression Abstract: To transgress is a very interesting term which can take different dimensions in different contexts. In the world of literature, transgression is often suggested by a by a breakaway of standards. These standards may arise from rules of the genre in which a writer falls. At the same time, these standards may reflect institutions to comply with specific codes of conduct. This article proposes to look at two women writers. Indeed, Assia Djebar and Charlotte Brontë transgressed the genre of the novel in a wonderfully attractive writing, realistic and inspiring, claiming an opening on many areas. How did they do it? What are the elements that have allowed them to write? At the same time, thematically, what is stated in the novels of these writers is a transgression of the code of living standards at a time when few women could be carriers of testimony through writing. Indeed for the nineteenth century in England and the twentieth century in Algeria, women writers’ quests go well beyond the standards to be met. What may seem as normal in 2013, has not always been so. What are the requirements that these writers were to brave? What are the obstacles and the banned aspects which are common to both writers in different times and different countries? What are the standards they reflect in their novels and which they had to break? This article is to illustrate how these two women writers have managed to be recognized and to have their novels accepted in societies dominated by male productions. The price of fame was not acquired easily

Le prix de la célébrité acquise par la transgression

Transgresser est un terme très intéressant qui peut prendre différentes dimensions dans des contextes distincts. Dans le monde de la littérature, la transgression est souvent suggérée par une échappée de normes. Ces normes peuvent découler des règles du genre dans lequel un écrivain s’inscrit. En même temps, ces normes peuvent être le reflet d’institutions à respecter avec des codes de vie bien précis. Nous proposons dans notre article de nous pencher sur deux écrivaines. En effet, Assia Djebar et Charlotte Brontë ont transgressé le genre du roman dans une écriture merveilleusement attirante, réaliste et inspiratrice qui réclame une ouverture sur bien des domaines. Comment ont-elles procédé ? Quels sont les éléments qui leur ont permis d’écrire ? En même temps, thématiquement, ce qui est exposé dans les romans de ces deux écrivaines représente une transgression des normes du code de vie à une époque où peu de femmes pouvaient être porteuses de témoignages à travers l’écriture. En effet pour le dix-neuvième siècle en Angleterre et le vingtième siècle en Algérie, les quêtes des écrivaines vont bien au delà des normes à respecter. Ce qui peut paraitre en 2013 comme normal, ne l’a pas toujours été. Quelles sont les exigences que ces écrivaines ont du braver ? Quels sont les obstacles et les interdits communs aux deux écrivaines dans des époques et des pays bien différents ? Quelles sont les normes, reflétées dans leurs romans, qu’elles se devaient de transgresser ? Notre article propose d’illustrer comment ces deux écrivaines sont parvenues à faire reconnaitre et accepter leurs romans dans des sociétés dominées par des productions masculines. Le prix de la célébrité n’a pas été acquis facilement. The price of fame acquired by transgression Abstract: To transgress is a very interesting term which can take different dimensions in different contexts. In the world of literature, transgression is often suggested by a by a breakaway of standards. These standards may arise from rules of the genre in which a writer falls. At the same time, these standards may reflect institutions to comply with specific codes of conduct. This article proposes to look at two women writers. Indeed, Assia Djebar and Charlotte Brontë transgressed the genre of the novel in a wonderfully attractive writing, realistic and inspiring, claiming an opening on many areas. How did they do it? What are the elements that have allowed them to write? At the same time, thematically, what is stated in the novels of these writers is a transgression of the code of living standards at a time when few women could be carriers of testimony through writing. Indeed for the nineteenth century in England and the twentieth century in Algeria, women writers’ quests go well beyond the standards to be met. What may seem as normal in 2013, has not always been so. What are the requirements that these writers were to brave? What are the obstacles and the banned aspects which are common to both writers in different times and different countries? What are the standards they reflect in their novels and which they had to break? This article is to illustrate how these two women writers have managed to be recognized and to have their novels accepted in societies dominated by male productions. The price of fame was not acquired easily

Numerical simulation of barrier height effect on output parameters, for a a-Si:H/nc-Si:H based solar cell

A numerical simulation by AMPS-1D (Analysis of Microelectronic and photonic structures) program has been carried out to examine the role of the front contact barrier heights φb0 , ITO/P nanocrystalline layer contact, on the performances of a-Si:H n-i-p’-p solar cell with no back reflector. The p’-nc-Si:H buffer layer has been incorporated at the i/p interface in order to passivate the interface defects. Output parameters, like short circuit current (JSC), open circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF) and efficiency (Eff); for n-i-p’-p structure, are numerically simulated using different values φb0. The short circuit current is not very affected by φb0. However, for high values of φb0 the other output cell parameters increase. The best values of VOC, FF and Efficiency can be obtained for a value of φb0 about 1.65 eV