Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidants Activities of Ethanolic Extract from Gomphrena serrata Whole Plant

The present study was designed to investigate the phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activities of the whole plant of Gomphrena serrata. Gomphrena serrata widely distributed in South America, North America, and India. These plant parts are used as traditional medicine for the treatment of several ailments. This study aims to assess the phytochemical and free radical scavenging of ethanolic extract of G. serrata present in the plant. The preliminary phytochemical study was performed by standard method. The whole plant of G. serrata proved the presence of bioactive constituents such as carbohydrates, alkaloids, steroids, glycosides, triterpenoids, protein and amino acids, saponins, as well as flavonoids. The in-vitro antioxidant study was performed on the ethanolic extract of shade-dried of the whole plant, which determined by hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) 100 µg/ml assay and was compared to ascorbic acid. The ethanolic extract of the whole plant of G. serrata shows the strong free radical scavenging activity. The present study was the proof for ethanol extract of G. serrata which have medicinally significant and bioactive compounds since these plant species are used as traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases

Crystal structure of ebastinium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate

BKS thanks the UGC for the award of a Rajiv Gandhi National Fellowship.Ebastine, 4-(benzhydryloxy)-1-[4-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-oxobutyl]piperidine, reacts with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid in methanol solution to give the title 1:1 salt, ebastinium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, C32H40NO2+·C7H3N2O6-. In the cation, the disubstituted aryl ring exhibits orientational disorder over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies 0.706(4) and 0.294(6), with a dihedral angle of 41.2(5)° between the two orientations: the bulky Ph2CH—O– substituent occupies an axial site on the piperidine ring. The two ions in the selected asymmetric unit are linked by a nearly linear N—H···O hydrogen bond and this, in combination with two C—H···O hydrogen bonds, links the ions into complex sheets.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Crystal structures of 2-amino-4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium benzoate and 2-amino-4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium picrate

BKS thanks the UGC (India) for the award of Rajeev Gandhi Fellowship.In both 2-amino-4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3- benzothiazol-3-ium benzoate, C11H19N2S+·C7H5O2-, (I), and 2-amino-4,4,7,7-tetramethyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1,3-benzothiazol-3-ium picrate (2,4,6-trinitrophenolate), C11H19N2S+·C6H2N3O7-, (II), the cations are conformationally chiral as the six-membered rings adopt half-chair conformations, which are disordered over two sets of atomic sites giving approximately enantiomeric disorder. For both cations, the bond lengths indicate delocalization of the positive charge comparable to that in an amidinium cation. The bond lengths in the picrate anion in (II) are consistent with extensive delocalization of the negative charge into the ring and onto the nitro groups, in two of which the O atoms are disordered over two sets of sites. In (I), the ionic components are linked by N—H···O hydrogen bonds to form a chain of rings, and in (II), the N—H···O hydrogen bonds link the components into centrosymmetric four-ion aggregates containing seven hydrogen bonded rings of four different types.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Hydrogen-bonded molecular salts of reduced benzothiazole derivatives with carboxylates : a robust R_2^2(8) supramolecular motif (even when disordered)

Acknowledgements MAES thanks the University of Mysore for provision of research facilities. Funding information HSY thanks UGC for the award of a UGC–BSR Faculty Fellowship for three years. BKS thanks the UGC for the award of a Rajeev Gandhi fellowship.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The crystal structure of (E)-2-ethyl-N-(4-nitrobenzylidene)aniline: three-dimensional supramolecular assembly mediated by C-H···O hydrogen bonds and nitro···π(arene) interactions

HSYacknowledges the UGC (India) for the award of a UGC– BSR Faculty Fellowship and MG thanks the UGC for the award of a Rajeev Gandhi Fellowship.In the molecule of the title compound, C15H14N2O2, the 2-ethylphenyl group is disordered over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies of 0.515 (19) and 0.485 (19), and the dihedral angle between the two partial-occupancy aryl rings is 6(2)°. A combination of C-H···O hydrogen bonds and nitro...π(arene) interactions links the molecules into a continuous three-dimensional framework structure. Comparisons are made with the structures of some related compounds.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

The crystal structure of (RS)-7-chloro-2-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydroquinazolin-4(1H)-one : two hydrogen bonds generate an elegant three-dimensional framework structure

KHN is grateful to UGC, RFSMS, Government of India for a Research Fellowship. BKS thanks the University of Mysore, for research facilities.In the title compound, C61H15ClN2O3, the heterocyclic ring adopts an envelope conformation, folded across the N⋯N line, with the 2,5-di­meth­oxy­phenyl unit occupying a quasi-axial site. There are two N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds in the structure: one hydrogen bond links mol­ecules related by a 41 screw axis to form a C(6) chain, and the other links inversion-related pairs of mol­ecules to form an R22(8) ring. The ring motif links all of the chains into a continuous three-dimensional framework structure. Comparisons are made with the structures of some related compounds.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Six 1-aroyl-4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazines : similar molecular structures but different patterns of supramolecular assembly

HSY thanks the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, for the award of a BSR Faculty Fellowship for three years.Six new 1-aroyl-4-(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)piperazines have been prepared, using coupling reactions between benzoic acids and N-(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)piperazine. There are no significant hydrogen bonds in the structure of 1-benzoyl-4-(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)piperazine, C18H20N2O2, (I). The mol­ecules of 1-(2-fluoro­benzo­yl)-4-(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)piperazine, C18H19FN2O2, (II), are linked by two C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form chains of rings, which are linked into sheets by an aromatic π–π stacking inter­action. 1-(2-Chloro­benzo­yl)-4-(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)piperazine, C18H19ClN2O2, (III), 1-(2-bromo­benzo­yl)-4-(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)piperazine, C18H19BrN2O2, (IV), and 1-(2-iodo­benzo­yl)-4-(4-meth­oxyphen­yl)piperazine, C18H19IN2O2, (V), are isomorphous, but in (III) the aroyl ring is disordered over two sets of atomic sites having occupancies of 0.942 (2) and 0.058 (2). In each of (III)–(V), a combination of two C—H⋯π(arene) hydrogen bonds links the mol­ecules into sheets. A single O—H⋯O hydrogen bond links the mol­ecules of 1-(2-hy­droxy­benzo­yl)-4-(4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)piperazine, C18H20N2O3, (VI), into simple chains. Comparisons are made with the structures of some related compounds.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

Three closely related 1-[(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl]-4-(halobenzoyl)piperazines : similar molecular structures but different intermolecular interactions

HSY is grateful to the UGC, New Delhi for the award of a BSR Faculty Fellowship for three years. BKS thanks the UGC for the award of a Rajeev Gandhi Fellowship.In each of the compounds 1-[(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl]-4-(3-fluoro­benzo­yl)piperazine, C19H 19FN 2O 3 (I), 1-[(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl]-4-(2,6-di­fluoro­benzo­yl)piperazine, C19H 18F 2N 2O 3 (II), and 1-[(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl]-4-(2,4-di­chloro­benzo­yl)piperazine, C19H 19Cl 2N 2O 3 (III), the piperazine rings adopt a chair conformation with the (1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)methyl substituent occupying an equatorial site: the five-membered rings are all slightly folded across the O⋯O line leading to envelope conformations. The dihedral angle between the planar amidic fragment and the haloaryl ring is 62.97 (5)° in (I) but 77.72 (12)° and 75.50 (5)° in (II) and (III), respectively. Despite their similarity in constitution and conformation, the supra­molecular inter­actions in (I)–(III) differ: in (I), a combination of C—H⋯O and C—H⋯π(arene) hydrogen bonds links the mol­ecules into a three-dimensional framework structure, but there are no hydrogen bonds of any sort in either (II) or (III), although the structure of (III) contains a short Cl⋯Cl contact between inversion-related pairs of mol­ecules.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

A novel androgen receptor-binding element modulates Cdc6 transcription in prostate cancer cells during cell-cycle progression

The androgen receptor (AR) plays a pivotal role in the onset and progression of prostate cancer by promoting cellular proliferation. Recent studies suggest AR is a master regulator of G1-S progression and possibly a licensing factor for DNA replication yet the mechanisms remain poorly defined. Here we report that AR targets the human Cdc6 gene for transcriptional regulation. Cdc6 is an essential regulator of DNA replication in eukaryotic cells and its mRNA expression is inversely modulated by androgen or antiandrogen treatment in androgen-sensitive prostate cancer cells. AR binds at a distinct androgen-response element (ARE) in the Cdc6 promoter that is functionally required for androgen-dependent Cdc6 transcription. We found that peak AR occupancy at the novel ARE occurs during the G1/S phase concomitant with peak Cdc6 mRNA expression. We also identified several of the coactivators and corepressors involved in AR-dependent Cdc6 transcriptional regulation in vivo and further characterized ligand-induced alterations in histone acetylation and methylation at the Cdc6 promoter. Significantly, AR silencing in prostate cancer cells markedly decreases Cdc6 expression and androgen-dependent cellular proliferation. Collectively, our results suggest that Cdc6 is a key regulatory target for AR and provide new insights into the mechanisms of prostate cancer cell proliferation

The Complex and Important Cellular and Metabolic Functions of Saturated Fatty Acids

This review summarizes recent findings on the metabolism and biological functions of saturated fatty acids (SFA). Some of these findings show that SFA may have important and specific roles in the cells. Elucidated biochemical mechanisms like protein acylation (N-myristoylation, S-palmitoylation) and regulation of gene transcription are presented. In terms of physiology, SFA are involved for instance in lipogenesis, fat deposition, polyunsaturated fatty acids bioavailability and apoptosis. The variety of their functions demonstrates that SFA should no longer be considered as a single group