The impact of habits formation over social programs to reduce the poverty in Peru

Consumption patterns have a great impact in consumption of low income population. In fact, the Average Propensity of Consume (ACP) in long term is less than 1 for people who are not poor, but is close or above 1 for poor people. This means that customs or habits formation are different for each social stratum. So, will these consumption patterns change in times of economic crisis? Or stay as such despite economic crisis or not. Apparently, these habits would not change, which means that consumption patterns are deeply ingrained in customs. We propose a dynamic general equilibrium model where the impact of habits is diagnosed through the variable (ϕ) and observe the consumption path over time to demonstrate that these habits are not influenced by exogenous supply shock since consumption would not suffer any changes. The effects of disturbances must be distributed with greater persistence along time.1o

Multi-Step Model Predictive Safety Filters: Reducing Chattering by Increasing the Prediction Horizon

Learning-based controllers have demonstrated superior performance compared to classical controllers in various tasks. However, providing safety guarantees is not trivial. Safety, the satisfaction of state and input constraints, can be guaranteed by augmenting the learned control policy with a safety filter. Model predictive safety filters (MPSFs) are a common safety filtering approach based on model predictive control (MPC). MPSFs seek to guarantee safety while minimizing the difference between the proposed and applied inputs in the immediate next time step. This limited foresight can lead to jerky motions and undesired oscillations close to constraint boundaries, known as chattering. In this paper, we reduce chattering by considering input corrections over a longer horizon. Under the assumption of bounded model uncertainties, we prove recursive feasibility using techniques from robust MPC. We verified the proposed approach in both extensive simulation and quadrotor experiments. In experiments with a Crazyflie 2.0 drone, we show that, in addition to preserving the desired safety guarantees, the proposed MPSF reduces chattering by more than a factor of 4 compared to previous MPSF formulations.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures. Accepted to IEEE CDC 2023. Code is publicly available at https://github.com/Federico-PizarroBejarano/safe-control-gym/tree/smooth_mpsc_pape

Transcriptomic analysis of the interaction geminivirus-tomato

Geminiviridae family is one of the main families of plant pathogenic viruses with large relevance as they cause great losses worldwide in commercial crops and crops destined to food production. Geminiviruses present a little single-stranded DNA genome and a capsid composed of two twin icosahedral parts. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus (TYLCV) belongs to the Begomovirus genus and is transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci. With only 6 viral proteins, this geminivirus must create a proper environment for viral replication, transcription and propagation. Behind the apparent simplicity of geminiviruses lies a complex network of molecular interactions with their host and even their natural vector, which induces a wide variety of transcriptional, post-transcriptional and chromatinic changes in both the plant and the geminivirus. In order to study these changes and decipher the effects of the transmission vector on the infection, we carried out a global approximation of the TYLCV-tomato interaction to generate integrated single-base resolution maps by NGS (next-generation sequencing) of the transcriptome, smallRNAome and methylome of the pathogen and the host. Tomato plants (Moneymaker) were infected with TYLCV under controlled conditions of light and temperature using Agrobacterium tumefaciens or its natural vector. Apical tissue from these plants was collected at different time points (2, 7, 14 and 21 days after inoculation), and three biological replicas were generated for each treatment and time. Total RNA and DNA was extracted and analysed by RNA-Seq, smallRNA-Seq and Bisulfite-Seq. The transcriptome of the tomato-TYLCV interaction will be presented and discussed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Mining investment and a fiscal regime that promotes the investment: an inter-temporal model

This paper aims to show how both mining company and government will improve financially by promoting the reinvestment of profits. It will start with a theoretical framework about the mining investing sustainability. Then, an inter-temporal model will be proposed to formalize, theoretically, how the reinvestment will improve, in present value, profits and revenues for both firm and government, respectively. Also, empirical evidence will be shown, particularly, for Peru and Chile. Then, an approach to strong sustainability in Peru will be set by explaining the main variables of sustainability in the Peruvian mining sector as well as its main sustainability items. Finally, some conclusions will be presented.

Assessing the relative accuracy of coral heights reconstructed from drones and structure from motion photogrammetry on coral reefs

Low-altitude high-resolution aerial photographs allow for the reconstruction of structural properties of shallow coral reefs and the quantification of their topographic complexity. This study shows the scope and limitations of two-media (air/water) Structure from Motion—Multi-View Stereo reconstruction method using drone aerial photographs to reconstruct coral height. We apply this method in nine different sites covering a total area of about 7000 m2, and we examine the suitability of the method to obtain topographic complexity estimates (i.e., seafloor rugosity). A simple refraction correction and survey design allowed reaching a root mean square error of 0.1 m for the generated digital models of the seafloor (without the refraction correction the root mean square error was 0.2 m). We find that the complexity of the seafloor extracted from the drone digital models is slightly underestimated compared to the one measured with a traditional in situ survey method

Programa acciones compartidas y el clima institucional en la IE. N° 32962 “Rósulo Soto Carrillo”– Amarilis – 2014

The main objective of this research work was to determine the level of influence of "program of shared actions", in the improvement of the institutional climate in the IES. No. 32962 "Rósulo Soto Carrillo", San Luis, district of Amarilis - 2014. In the educational institution, the program was applied to the elements of the sample among the direct, teaching and administrative staff; where interpersonal relationships, the democratic leadership style and the ability to resolve conflicts are evaluated using the instruments of the checklist and the observation form. Where the results inform that they improve the interpersonal relations, the democratic leadership style and the capacity of resolution of conflicts where each one of the dimensional levels levels has always been quite regular and with little regularity. Therefore, the application of the "program of shared actions" in the administration, teaching and administrative staff has significantly influenced the improvement of a good institutional climate; from interpersonal relationships, the democratic leadership style and the ability to resolve conflicts through good work in the team, managing a good style of leadership and the participation of the favorable towards a good communication among the interested in the institution.El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo la aplicación el programa a veintisiete elementos de la muestra entre el personal directivo, docente y administrativo; donde se evaluó las relaciones interpersonales, el estilo de liderazgo democrático y la capacidad de resolución de conflictos haciendo uso de los instrumentos de la lista de cotejo y la ficha de observación. Donde cuyos resultados reportaron que se mejoraron sustancialmente en las relaciones interpersonales, el estilo de liderazgo democrático y la capacidad de resolución de conflicto donde cada una las dimensiones llegaron a niveles que van desde siempre con bastante regularidad y con poca regularidad. Por lo que la aplicación del programa en el personal directivo, docentes y administrativos han influido significativamente en la mejora de un buen clima institucional; a partir de las relaciones interpersonales, el estilo de liderazgo democrático y la capacidad de resolución de conflictos a través de un buen trabajo en equipo, manejando un buen estilo de liderazgo y mostrando actitudes favorables para una buena comunicación entre los involucrados de la institución

Geminivirus replication protein decreases PCNA sumoylation at two acceptor sites

Geminiviruses are plant viruses with circular, single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genomes that infect a broad range of plants causing substantial crop diseases worldwide. They replicate in nuclei of infected cells by using host DNA replication machinery and an essential protein encoded in their genome designated Rep (replication-associated protein). This multifunctional protein induces the accumulation of the host factors involved in replication and it is capable of interacting with a lot of plant proteins including PCNA (Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen), a processivity factor that coordinates a wide range of processes involved in maintenance, duplication and transmission of the genome, and the sumoylation enzyme that conjugates SUMO to target proteins (SUMO-conjugating enzyme- SCE). PCNA modification by SUMO, and also ubiquitin, has long been known to be of key importance for determining how DNA damage is processed by the replisome and for maintenance of overall genome integrity. In yeast, PCNA sumoylation has been associated to DNA repair involving homologous recombination (HR). Previously, we reported that Rep ectopic expression does not result in broad changes in the sumoylation pattern of plant cells, but it modifies the sumoylation state of selected host proteins. In this work, we show, using a reconstituted sumoylation system in Escherichia coli, that tomato PCNA is sumoylated at two residues, K254 and K164, and that co-expression of the Rep protein suppresses PCNA sumoylation at these lysines. Finally, we confirm that PCNA is sumoylated and that Rep also interferes with PCNA sumoylation in planta.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Memory decline evolves independently of disease activity in MS

The natural history of cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its relationship with disease activity is not well known. In this study, we evaluate a prospective cohort of 44 MS patients who were followed every 3 months for 2 years. Cognitive evaluation was done at baseline and by the end of the study using the Brief Repeatable Battery-Neuropsychology. Clinical evaluation included assessment of new relapses and changes in disability (Extended Disability Status Scale (EDSS)) confirmed at 6 months. RESULTS: We found that verbal memory performance deteriorates after 2 years in patients with MS. These changes were observed in stable and active patients both in terms of relapses and disability progression, even at the beginning of the disease, and in patients with or without cognitive impairment at study entry. Attention and executive functions measured with the symbol digit modality test (SDMT) declined after 2 years in patients with confirmed disability progression. Furthermore, SDMT performance correlated with the EDSS change. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that verbal memory steadily declines in patients with MS from the beginning of the disease and independently of other parameters of disease activity

Study of the functional domains of the PTGS suppressor V2 from geminivirus Beet curly top virus (BCTV)

Geminiviruses constitute a group of plant viruses that infect vegetable crops all over the world. Among the Geminiviridae family, the genera Mastrevirus, Begomovirus and Curtovirus are the most abundant. Suppression of gene silencing is a key mechanism for viral infection in plants. In begomovirus, V2 is a strong posttranscriptional gene silencing suppressor. We recently showed that V2 from curtovirus Beet curly top virus (BCTV) is a PTGS suppressor by impairing the RDR6/SGS3 pathway, as V2 from begomovirus. In order to identify the domains involved in the suppression activity and viral pathogenicity, we performed an alignment of several begomovirus and curtovirus V2 proteins. A protein kinase C (PKC) phosphorylation motif essential for suppression activity in begomovirus (P1) was found in all analysed sequences. We also found similar hydrophobic profiles, with two hydrophobic domains (H1 and H2) followed by a long hydrophilic domain. Then we generated BCTV V2 mutant proteins and performed transient assays in Nicotiana benthamiana plants to test their suppression activity. We also expressed them from a Potato virus X-derived vector to check the symptoms produced. Additionally, their subcellular localization was determined. Finally, we produced BCTV viruses mutated in the different domains and N. benthamiana plants were infected, analysing virus levels and symptoms produced. The results showed that P1, H1 and H2 are involved in the suppression activity and viral pathogenicity.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec