Antibacterial activity and proximate analysis of Sargassum extracts as cosmetic additives in a moisturizer cream

Indonesia is known for its marine biodiversity, including the richness of its brown seaweed, Sargassum. This genus has attracted many attention as it produces active compounds showing potential for the food, pharmacology and cosmetic industries. In this study, a mixture of S. duplicatum, S. echinocarpum and S. polycystum extracts was applied as an additive in a moisturizer cream serving as an antibacterial agent. Proximate analysis was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition in Sargassum spp. There were 5 moisturizer creams prepared: A (standard), B (without antibacterial agent), C (with antibacterial agent), D (with Sargassum extracts and antibacterial agent) and E (with Sargassum extracts but without antibacterial agent). Antibacterial analyses showed that cream E had the best antibacterial activity in this study. It indicates that the crude extract of Sargassum added in the cream could inhibit the development of bacteria for a longer period of time. Bioactive compounds contained in S. duplicatum, S. echinocarpum, S. polycystum are steroids, quinones, flavonoids and alkaloids. Saponins were only found in S. duplicatum. The five cosmetic creams presented adequate odor and color. These results indicate that Sargassum shows a promising potential as a cosmetic additive that could replace commercial antibacterial agents

Bacterial isolates from bryozoanPleurocodonellina sp.: Diversity and antimicrobial potential against pathogenic bacteria

There isan urgent need to discover new compounds with antibacterial activity, which can be developed into lead structures for the treatment of human disease caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. In this study, we focussed on bryozoan-associated bacteria to screen them toward antibacterial activities, since the microbiome of these organisms can still be regarded as under-investigated. Most of the few publications about bryozoan-associated bacteria focused on taxonomy and the potential as producers of antibacterial natural products were neglected. Four specimens of bryozoan Pleurocodonellina sp. were collected from Teluk Awur, Jepara inJava Sea, Indonesia. Therefrom, 56 bacterial strains were isolated, and 17 displayed antibacterial activitiesagainst MDR bacteria Pseudomonas aruginosa,Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Enterobacter cloacae, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Taxonomic identification of the bacteria by 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed them belonging to the genera Virgibacillus, Pseudoalteromonas, Halomonas, and Bacillus. Most interestingly, the genus Virgibacillus was dominantly obtained from the Pleurocodonellina sp. specimens, i.e., 12 active isolates. Nevertheless, the best activities against MDR bacteria(both Gram-positive and Gram-negative) were contributed to isolates showing >99% identity to Pseudoalteromonas. The results further suggest adding the genus Virgibacillus as bacteria associated with bryozoan, since to the best of our knowledge there were no reports of this genus isolated from bryozoan

The Use of Plants in Skin-Care Products, Cosmetics and Fragrances: Past and Present

This work discusses the way people have used plants over time (basically since Ancient Egypt) to care for their physical aspect, and also how natural resources (especially plants) are currently used in personal-care products. Many plant species are ancient. This paper also shows examples of plants used for personal care which are investigated with new scientific advances

Antiviral and Cytotoxic Activities of Polysaccharides Extracted from Four Tropical Seaweed Species

International audienc

Simulation de l'hémodynamique ventriculaire gauche pour la caractérisation de la cardiotoxicité induite par la doxorubicine

RÉSUMÉ: Objectif : Chez les patients atteints de leucémie lymphoblastique aïgue (LLA) infantile, la chimiothé-rapie basée sur la doxorubicine a fortement participé à l’amélioration du pronostic de survie cinq ans après le diagnostic. Toutefois, cet agent a été associé à une cardiotoxicité durant le traitement, mais également sur le long terme. Plus la dose cumulée reçue est importante, plus les patients sont à risque de développer des cardiomyopathies dans les années suivant la fin du traitement. L’atteinte du muscle cardiaque a été montrée à de multiples reprises, via l’utilisation de l’imagerie médicale ou encore des techniques de modélisation et de simulation du système cardiaque. Le diagnostic précoce de ces effets cardiotoxiques restent cependant un défi pour identifier les patients à risque, mais également pour mettre en lumière des biomar-queurs précoces de l’insuffisance cardiaque. Cette étude vise à étudier l’écoulement sanguin dans le ventricule gauche, encore jamais étudié chez ces patients, à l’aide de la modélisation numérique patient-spécifique basée sur l’imagerie médicale. Pour cela, nous proposons d’uti-liser un modèle pré-existant (CircAdapt), et de développer une méthode pour la simulation patient-spécifique de l’écoulement sanguin dans le ventricule gauche basée sur l’imagerie par résonance magnétique cardiaque (IRMc). Démarche scientifique et méthodes : Au cours de cette étude, une analyse de l’hémodynamique ventriculaire gauche est propo-sée pour notre cohorte de patients survivants de LLA. Ces patients sont divisés en trois groupes, selon la dose de doxorubicine reçue : HR (Haut Risque, dose cumulée supérieure à 200mg/m2), SR (Risque Standard : dose cumulée inférieure à 200mg/m2) et HRdex (dose cu-mulée supérieure à 200mg/m2, avec traitement par agent cardioprotecteur, le dexrazoxane). L’hémodynamique ventriculaire gauche est analysée à l’aide de deux méthodes distinctes, l’une permettant une analyse de la vitesse sanguine aux valves au repos et à l’effort, et l’autre d’obtenir des informations plus précises sur le flux sanguin intraventriculaire. La première méthode repose sur la personnalisation du modèle CircAdapt, un modèle groupé du cœur et de la circulation sanguine. Les variables d’entrée d’intérêt du modèle sont identi-fiées via la réalisation d’une étude de sensibilité du modèle, basée sur la méthode de Morris. Les variables à fort impact sont retenues, et celles étant non mesurées durant le suivi sont optimisées de façon inverse pour chaque patient, afin de faire correspondre les valeurs de sortie simulées par le modèle, et les valeurs mesurées par l’imagerie médicale. Le ratio des vitesses à la valve mitrale E/A (E pour Early filling et A pour Atrial contraction) et les extremum de la pression artérielle sont utilisés pour réaliser cette optimisation inverse. Le modèle optimisé et patient-spécifique est ensuite utilisé pour simuler l’effort, en utilisant la fréquence cardiaque, la pression artérielle moyenne et le débit cardiaque mesuré durant le test d’effort cardiopulmonaire de chaque patient, à différentes charges. L’évolution de la vitesse maximale à travers les valves aortique et mitrale est ensuite extraite à chaque chargement, et comparée entre les différents groupes de patients HR, SR et HRdex. ABSTRACT: Objective: Doxorubicin-based chemotherapy has largely improved the survival rates in patients suffering from childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (cALL). However, it has been associated with a significant cardiotoxicity and induced cardiomyopathy both during treatment and years after remission. What’s more, the higher the cumulative dose of recieved doxorubicin is, the higher the risk of developping a cardiomyopathy years after the end of the treatment will be. The resulting damage on cardiac muscles has been studied and described multiple times, using medical imaging et modelling techniques. Yet, early diagnosis of these cardiotoxic effects remain a challenge, in order to identify patients at risk, but also to characterise heart failure. This study aims to characterise blood flow inside the left ventricle, which is yet to be studied in these patients, using patient-specific modelling based on medical imaging. To acheive this goal, a pre-existing model (CircAdapt) is used, as well as as a new method to model patient-specific blood flow inside the left ventricle based on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. Scientific approach and methods: In this study, analysis of the left ventricular hemodynamics in cALL survivors is presented. A cohort of patients from the PETALE project is divided into three groups based on the cumulative dose of doxorubicin received, namely: HR (High Risk, who received more than 200mg/m2), SR (Standard Risk, who received less than 200mg/m2) and HRdex HR (High Risk, who received more than 200mg/m2, along with a cardioprotective agent, dexrazoxan). The left ventricular hemodynamics is analysed following two different methods. The first method is based on the personalisation of the CircAdapt model, a lumped model of the heart and circulation, based on adaptable inputs. To personalise the model, inputs of interest were identified using a sensitivity analysis based on the Morris method. The most impacting inputs were selected, and among these variables, the ones that were monitored were personalised, and the ones that were not were reverse optimised in order to correlate measured outputs and simulated outputs. E/A ratio measured by Doppler echocardiography and arterial pressure measured by ECG gated cuff were used for reverse optimisation. The optimised and patient-specific model is the used to simulate exercise, by using heart rate, cardiac output, and mean arterial pressure monitored during cardiopulmonary exercise test-ing (CPET). Mean speed at the aortic and mitral valve are then extracted through time and compared between different groups of patients (HR, SR, HRdex)

« Cosmétovigilance »

International audienc

Skin Microbiota and Cosmetics Influence

ermatological and cosmetics fields have recently started to focus on the human skin microbiome and microbiota, since the skin microbiota is involved in the health and dysbiosis of the skin ecosystem. Amongst the skin microorganisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes, both commensal bacteria, appear as skin microbiota sentinels. These sentinels have a key role in the skin ecosystem since they protect and prevent microbiota disequilibrium by fighting pathogens and participate in skin homeostasis through the production of beneficial bacterial metabolites. These bacteria adapt to changing skin microenvironments and can shift to being opportunistic pathogens, forming biofilms, and thus are involved in common skin dysbiosis, such as acne or atopic dermatitis

Bioactivity of Secondary Metabolites from Macroalgae

International audienceIn intertidal ecosystem, biotic (reproduction stage, algal growth, herbivory, epiphytism, fouling…) and abiotic (temperature, salinity, UV…) parameters are known to affect the algal species repartition. In response to this stresses, seaweeds are known to possess different chemical defense mechanisms by secondary metabolites production. The aim of this chapter is to understand coastal constraints and to present chemical defense strategies used by seaweeds

Response Surface Methodology for Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Water-Soluble Antiviral Compounds from the Proliferative Macroalga Solieriachordalis

International audienceMacroalgal blooms frequently occur in France. On a part of the coastline, these algal blooms are mainly composed of red seaweeds like Solieria chordalis and constitute an unexploited significant natural biomass. In this study, active compounds from Solieria chordalis were extracted and evaluated as a potential source of natural antivirals, coupling biotechnological development with economic and ecological benefits. In order to extract in water the highest quantity of potential active compounds, a sustainable process was developed, namely the enzymeassisted extraction. The quantity of water-soluble compounds increased by 30% after the addition of enzymes, in comparison with an aqueous extraction. The optimization of conditions using a response surface methodology improved the yield and allowed to study the influence of different extraction parameters simultaneously, notably the nature and the quantity of enzymes, the temperature and the time of extraction. This latter parameter was themost influent on extraction yield with the nature of the enzyme. The best antiherpetic activity was obtained with the extract after the action of a type of proteases with an EC50 of 86.0 μg.mL-1. Moreover, a positive correlation between sulfated polysaccharides and the antiviral activity of extracts was demonstrated. For the first time, soft biotechnology with enzymes using surface response methodology has been performed in order to obtain water-soluble antiviral extracts from the red proliferative seaweed Solieria chordalis

Skin Microbiota and Cosmetics Influence

ermatological and cosmetics fields have recently started to focus on the human skin microbiome and microbiota, since the skin microbiota is involved in the health and dysbiosis of the skin ecosystem. Amongst the skin microorganisms, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes, both commensal bacteria, appear as skin microbiota sentinels. These sentinels have a key role in the skin ecosystem since they protect and prevent microbiota disequilibrium by fighting pathogens and participate in skin homeostasis through the production of beneficial bacterial metabolites. These bacteria adapt to changing skin microenvironments and can shift to being opportunistic pathogens, forming biofilms, and thus are involved in common skin dysbiosis, such as acne or atopic dermatitis