Um computador por aluno: possibilidades de inclusão e letramento digital

Neste artigo, desenvolve-se uma reflexão teórica na qual são abordadas questões como a educação no contexto das Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação (TICs) e a inclusão digital. À luz do referencial teórico, trata-se de conceitos como alfabetização, inclusão e letramento digital. De acordo com a perspectiva aqui adotada, pondera-se que não basta à escola instalar computadores nos seus espaços; é preciso desenvolver uma concepção de uso. Do mesmo modo, considera-se que não basta apenas promover a alfabetização digital, sendo necessário desenvolver o letramento digital para que a inclusão digital de fato ocorra

O Laptop Educacional na Escola: uma reflexão sobre inclusão digital

Este trabalho consiste em uma reflexão teórica, abordando questões sobre a Educação no contexto das tecnologias digitais e da inclusão digital. Parte-se de um pressuposto teórico que vincula a inclusão digital ao exercício da cidadania no contexto digital, argumentando-se que a promoção desse tipo de ação necessita ultrapassar o âmbito do acesso à tecnologia digital, em busca do desenvolvimento de uma concepção de uso caracterizada pela criticidade, pela reflexão e pelo redimensionamento das práticas frente às realidades da cultura digital. As reflexões tomam por base dois modelos de ações que visam a incluir a escola na cultura digital: o modelo um computador para muitos e o modelo um computador para um (1:1). Em consonância com a base teórica considerada, ponderamos que o segundo modelo referido, presente no programa “Um Computador por Aluno” (UCA), tende a representar maiores possibilidades de inclusão digital. Sustentamos esse argumento postulando que o UCA ultrapassa a disponibilização da tecnologia digital, abarcando a esfera da promoção de concepções críticas e reflexivas de uso, por intermédio da formação de professores e gestores envolvidos

Convergências e complementaridades entre as teorias dos três mundos da matemática e a da sociointeratividade

Este artigo apresenta uma reflexão teórica cujo foco é a defesa do uso concomitante das teorias dos três mundos da matemática e da sociointeratividade como uma possibilidade para o alcance de melhores resultados em relação à aprendizagem de Matemática. A leitura analítica do referencial teórico trouxe elementos relativos à coerência epistemológica entre as teorias, elucidando justificativas para a sua associação, bem como sua utilização nas práticas educacionais. A dimensão da linguagem, o uso de símbolos e os momentos mentais do sujeito são enunciados como pontos convergentes, fundamentando a coerência teórica. A complementariedade entre ambas as teorias também é analisada, propondo-se, desse modo, um uso ampliado de cada uma das teorias

Monitoria de cálculo e formação de professores: possibilidades e limitações

Este artigo é um recorte de uma pesquisa maior, que foi desenvolvida junto a um programa de doutorado em educação em ciências e matemática. a faceta aqui apresentada está relacionada às possibilidades de a monitoria de cálculo incentivar a docência e contribuir na formação do futuro professor. a partir de uma leitura crítica do referencial teórico considerado, na sequência avançamos para a constituição do corpus com entrevistas semiestruturadas com monitores e professores responsáveis pelas ações de monitoria. o objetivo geral consiste em compreender como a monitoria de cálculo pode contribuir na formação do futuro professor para redimensionar os cenários de reprovação e evasão observados. os resultados indicam que os estudantes procuram se constituir enquanto monitores como forma de entrarem em contato com a docência e também com uma forma de aplicarem as teorias de aprendizagem estudadas em sala de aula. As percepções aqui alcançadas são considerações preliminares e serão agregadas a outros elementos posteriormente

OS TIPOS DE PESQUISA UTILIZADOS NA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS E MATEMÁTICA: UM OLHAR PARA TENDÊNCIAS CONTEMPORÂNEAS

Neste trabalho objetivamos identificar e compreender tendências em relação ao tipo de pesquisa utilizados por pesquisadores vinculados a Programas de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências e Matemática em um estado do Brasil. A partir de uma leitura crítica e analítica de teses e dissertações, desenvolvemos uma pesquisa bibliográfica, focando nas decisões metodológicas tomadas por pesquisadores. Por ora, são ressaltados aspectos relativos ao tipo de pesquisa e como ele vem sido concebido em investigações contemporâneas. Os resultados indicam uma predominância do estudo de caso e salientam o fato de que distintos trabalhos não apresentam ou justificam o tipo de pesquisa inerente à investigação

Shrub Communities, Spatial Patterns, and Shrub-Mediated Tree Mortality following Reintroduced Fire in Yosemite National Park, California, USA

Shrubs contribute to the forest fuel load; their distribution is important to tree mortality and regeneration, and vertebrate occupancy. We used a method new to fire ecology—extensive continuous mapping of trees and shrub patches within a single large (25.6 ha) study site—to identify changes in shrub area, biomass, and spatial pattern due to fire reintroduction by a backfire following a century of fire exclusion in lower montane forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, USA. We examined whether trees in close proximity to shrubs prior to fire experienced higher mortality rates than trees in areas without shrubs. We calculated shrub biomass using demography subplots and existing allometric equations, and we developed new equations for beaked hazel (Corylus cornuta ssp. californica [A. de Candolle] E. Murray) from full dissection of 50 stems. Fire decreased shrub patch area from 15.1 % to 0.9 %, reduced live shrub biomass from 3.49 Mg ha−1 to 0.27 Mg ha−1, and consumed 4.41 Mg ha−1 of living and dead shrubs. Distinct (non-overlapping) shrub patches decreased from 47 ha−1 to 6 ha−1. The mean distance between shrub patches increased 135 %. Distances between montane chaparral patches increased 285 %, compared to a 54 % increase in distances between riparian shrub patches and an increase of 267 % between generalist shrub patches. Fire-related tree mortality within shrub patches was marginally lower (67.6 % versus 71.8 %), showing a contrasting effect of shrubs on tree mortality between this forest ecosystem and chaparral-dominated ecosystems in which most trees are killed by fire

Can the careHPV test performed in mobile units replace cytology for screening in rural and remote areas?

BACKGROUND Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA testing can be crucial for women who have limited access to traditional screening. The current study compared the results obtained through HPV DNA testing with those obtained through cytology-based screening. METHODS A total of 3068 women aged 18 to 85 years were enrolled in an opportunistic cervical cancer screening program developed by the Barretos Cancer Hospital and performed by a team of health professionals working within a mobile unit from March to December 2012, followed by statistical analyses. For each patient, 2 different cervical samples were collected and preserved in a careHPV assay and SurePath medium, respectively. RESULTS High-risk HPV (hr-HPV) DNA was detected in 10.0% of women, with the majority (86.7%) demonstrating no abnormal Papanicolaou test results. The following cytological samples were found to be hr-HPV positive: 8.2% of the normal samples; 39.4% of the samples with atypical squamous/glandular cells of undetermined significance; 38.5% of the samples with atypical squamous/glandular cells of undetermined significance, cannot exclude high-grade lesion; 55.3% of the samples with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions; and 100% of the samples with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Colposcopy examinations were performed among 33.4% of the women with positive results on at least 1 of the tests (HPV DNA positive and/or cytology with atypical squamous/glandular cells of undetermined significance, cannot exclude high-grade lesion or high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions), and 59.5% of these women underwent biopsies. Among these samples, 18.2% were confirmed as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. CONCLUSIONS The careHPV test was demonstrated to be a feasible alternative to primary screening in low-resource settings accessed through the use of mobile units.Adriana T. Lorenzi was supported (via a scholarship) by CNPq process no. 573799/2008-3 and FAPESP process no. 2008/57889-1 through the National HPV Research and Technology Institute of São Paulo, Brazil (INCT-HPV)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Methylation screening of the TGFBI promoter in human lung and prostate cancer by methylation-specific PCR

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Hypermethylation of the <it>TGFBI </it>promoter has been shown to correlate with decreased expression of this gene in human tumor cell lines. In this study, we optimized a methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) method and investigated the methylation status of the <it>TGFBI </it>promoter in human lung and prostate cancer specimens.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Methylation-specific primers were designed based on the methylation profiles of the <it>TGFBI </it>promoter in human tumor cell lines, and MSP conditions were optimized for accurate and efficient amplification. Genomic DNA was isolated from lung tumors and prostatectomy tissues of prostate cancer patients, bisulfite-converted, and analyzed by MSP.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among 50 lung cancer samples, 44.0% (22/50) harbored methylated CpG sites in the <it>TGFBI </it>promoter. An analysis correlating gene methylation status with clinicopathological cancer features revealed that dense methylation of the <it>TGFBI </it>promoter was associated with a metastatic phenotype, with 42.9% (6/14) of metastatic lung cancer samples demonstrating dense methylation vs. only 5.6% (2/36) of primary lung cancer samples (<it>p </it>< 0.05). Similar to these lung cancer results, 82.0% (41/50) of prostate cancer samples harbored methylated CpG sites in the <it>TGFBI </it>promoter, and dense methylation of the promoter was present in 38.9% (7/18) of prostate cancer samples with the feature of locoregional invasiveness vs. only 19.4% (6/31) of prostate cancer samples without locoregional invasiveness (<it>p </it>< 0.05). Furthermore, promoter hypermethylation correlated with highly reduced expression of the <it>TGFBI </it>gene in human lung and prostate tumor cell lines.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>We successfully optimized a MSP method for the precise and efficient screening of <it>TGFBI </it>promoter methylation status. Dense methylation of the <it>TGFBI </it>promoter correlated with the extent of <it>TGFBI </it>gene silencing in tumor cell lines and was related to invasiveness of prostate tumors and metastatic status of lung cancer tumors. Thus, <it>TGFBI </it>promoter methylation can be used as a potential prognostic marker for invasiveness and metastasis in prostate and lung cancer patients, respectively.</p

Rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART): Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is associated with high in-hospital mortality. Alveolar recruitment followed by ventilation at optimal titrated PEEP may reduce ventilator-induced lung injury and improve oxygenation in patients with ARDS, but the effects on mortality and other clinical outcomes remain unknown. This article reports the rationale, study design, and analysis plan of the Alveolar Recruitment for ARDS Trial (ART). Methods/Design: ART is a pragmatic, multicenter, randomized (concealed), controlled trial, which aims to determine if maximum stepwise alveolar recruitment associated with PEEP titration is able to increase 28-day survival in patients with ARDS compared to conventional treatment (ARDSNet strategy). We will enroll adult patients with ARDS of less than 72 h duration. The intervention group will receive an alveolar recruitment maneuver, with stepwise increases of PEEP achieving 45 cmH(2)O and peak pressure of 60 cmH2O, followed by ventilation with optimal PEEP titrated according to the static compliance of the respiratory system. In the control group, mechanical ventilation will follow a conventional protocol (ARDSNet). In both groups, we will use controlled volume mode with low tidal volumes (4 to 6 mL/kg of predicted body weight) and targeting plateau pressure &lt;= 30 cmH2O. The primary outcome is 28-day survival, and the secondary outcomes are: length of ICU stay; length of hospital stay; pneumothorax requiring chest tube during first 7 days; barotrauma during first 7 days; mechanical ventilation-free days from days 1 to 28; ICU, in-hospital, and 6-month survival. ART is an event-guided trial planned to last until 520 events (deaths within 28 days) are observed. These events allow detection of a hazard ratio of 0.75, with 90% power and two-tailed type I error of 5%. All analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle. Discussion: If the ART strategy with maximum recruitment and PEEP titration improves 28-day survival, this will represent a notable advance to the care of ARDS patients. Conversely, if the ART strategy is similar or inferior to the current evidence-based strategy (ARDSNet), this should also change current practice as many institutions routinely employ recruitment maneuvers and set PEEP levels according to some titration method.Hospital do Coracao (HCor) as part of the Program 'Hospitais de Excelencia a Servico do SUS (PROADI-SUS)'Brazilian Ministry of Healt