Espectro polínico y análisis fisicoquímico de mieles de la Región del Biobío, Chile

The pollen spectrum and the physicochemical characteristics were analyzed in 13 samples of honeys produced by Apis mellifera in two areas with different degree of human disturbance in the Region of Biobío, Province of Ñuble, Chile: a) Central Valley and b) Preandean foothills of the Cordillera de los Andes. Principal component analysis was carried out for pollen and physicochemical data and pollen diversity was calculated with the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’). Some native species such as Gevuina avellana, Lomatia hirsuta, Lithraea caustica and Luma apiculata were found only in honeys from San Fabián de Alico (Preandean foothills) but introduced species dominated the pollen spectra in both areas. Ash content, pH, acidity and water content were the most important physico-chemical factors to distinguish the honeys from both areas. All honeys showed characteristics that met the standards of the Chilean food health regulations. Melissopalynology allow us to detect one bifloral honey from the Central Valley and two monofloral Lotus honeys from the Preandean foothills of Cordillera de los Andes.Se analizó el espectro polínico y las características fisicoquímicas de 13 muestras de mieles producidas por Apis mellifera en dos áreas con diferente grado de intervención antrópica en la Región del Biobío, Provincia de Ñuble, Chile: a) Depresión Intermedia y b) zonas precordilleranas de la Cordillera de los Andes. Los datos polínicos y físicoquímicos se sometieron a análisis de componentes principales y la diversidad polínica se calculó con el índice de diversidad de Shannon-Weaver (H’). Algunas especies nativas como Gevuina avellana, Lomatia hirsuta, Lithraea caustica y Luma apiculata se encontraron solo en mieles provenientes de San Fabián de Alico (zonas precordilleranas), pero las especies introducidas dominaron el espectro polínico en ambas zonas. Los factores fisicoquímicos más importantes para distinguir las mieles de ambas zonas fueron el contenido de cenizas, el pH, la acidez y la humedad. Todas las mieles analizadas cumplen los requerimientos del Reglamento Sanitario de Alimentos de Chile. El análisis melisopalinológico permitió detectar una miel bifloral producida en la Depresión Intermedia, y dos mieles monoflorales de Lotus provenientes de la zona de precordillera

Beneficial effects of essential oils from the mediterranean diet on gut microbiota and their metabolites in ischemic heart disease and type-2 diabetes mellitus

[Abstract] Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remain major health problems worldwide and commonly coexist in individuals. Gut microbial metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), have been linked to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Previous studies have reported dysbiosis in the gut microbiota of these patients and the prebiotic effects of some components of the Mediterranean diet. Essential oil emulsions of savory (Satureja hortensis), parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) were assessed as nutraceuticals and prebiotics in IHD and T2DM. Humanized mice harboring gut microbiota derived from that of patients with IHD and T2DM were supplemented with L-carnitine and orally treated with essential oil emulsions for 40 days. We assessed the effects on gut microbiota composition and abundance, microbial metabolites and plasma markers of cardiovascular disease, inflammation and oxidative stress. Our results showed that essential oil emulsions in mice supplemented with L-carnitine have prebiotic effects on beneficial commensal bacteria, mainly Lactobacillus genus. There was a decrease in plasma TMAO and an increase in fecal SCFAs levels in mice treated with parsley and rosemary essential oils. Thrombomodulin levels were increased in mice treated with savory and parsley essential oils. While mice treated with parsley and rosemary essential oils showed a decrease in plasma cytokines (INFɣ, TNFα, IL-12p70 and IL-22); savory essential oil was associated with increased levels of chemokines (CXCL1, CCL2 and CCL11). Finally, there was a decrease in protein carbonyls and pentosidine according to the essential oil emulsion. These results suggest that changes in the gut microbiota induced by essential oils of parsley, savory and rosemary as prebiotics could differentially regulate cardiovascular and metabolic factors, which highlights the potential of these nutraceuticals for reducing IHD risk in patients affected by T2DM.Junta de Andalucía; PI-0170-2018Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PT20/00101Junta de Andalucía; RH-0078-2021Instituto de Salud Carlos III; CPII19/00022Instituto de Salud Carlos III; FI20/0022

Expression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins in epicardial adipose tissue in patients with coronary artery disease and diabetes mellitus: preliminary study

[Abstract] Objectives: Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP) genes are crucial in lipid biosynthesis and cardiovascular homeostasis. Their expression in epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and their influence in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and type-2 diabetes mellitus remain to be determined. The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of SREBP genes in EAT in patients with CAD according to diabetes status and its association with clinical and biochemical data. Methods: SREBP-1 and SREBP-2 mRNA expression levels were measured in EAT from 49 patients with CAD (26 with diabetes) and 23 controls without CAD or diabetes. Results: Both SREBPs mRNA expression were significantly higher in patients with CAD and diabetes (p<0.001) and were identified as independent cardiovascular risk factor for coronary artery disease in patients with type-2 diabetes (SREBP-1: OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.1-2.5, p=0.02; SREBP-2: OR 1.6, 95%CI 1.2-3, p=0.02) and were independently associated with the presence of multivessel CAD, left main and anterior descending artery stenosis, and higher total and LDL cholesterol levels, and lower HDL cholesterol levels, in patients with CAD and diabetes. Conclusions: SREBP genes are expressed in EAT and were higher in CAD patients with diabetes than those patients without CAD or diabetes. SREBP expression was associated as cardiovascular risk factor for the severity of CAD and the poor lipid control. In this preliminary study we suggest the importance of EAT in the lipid metabolism and cardiovascular homeostasis for coronary atherosclerosis of patients with diabetes and highlight a future novel therapeutic target.Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI13/02542Instituto de Salud Carlos III; PI11/01661Red de Investigación Cardiovascular; RD12/0042/003

Elevated Troponins after COVID-19 Hospitalization and Long-Term COVID-19 Symptoms: Incidence, Prognosis, and Clinical Outcomes—Results from a Multi-Center International Prospective Registry (HOPE-2)

Background: Acute cardiac injury (ACI) after COVID-19 has been linked with unfavorable clinical outcomes, but data on the clinical impact of elevated cardiac troponin on discharge during follow-up are scarce. Our objective is to elucidate the clinical outcome of patients with elevated troponin on discharge after surviving a COVID-19 hospitalization. Methods: We conducted an analysis in the prospective registry HOPE-2 (NCT04778020). Only patients discharged alive were selected for analysis, and all-cause death on follow-up was considered as the primary endpoint. As a secondary endpoint, we established any long-term COVID-19 symptoms. HOPE-2 stopped enrolling patients on 31 December 2021, with 9299 patients hospitalized with COVID-19, of which 1805 were deceased during the acute phase. Finally, 2382 patients alive on discharge underwent propensity score matching by relevant baseline variables in a 1:3 fashion, from 56 centers in 8 countries. Results: Patients with elevated troponin experienced significantly higher all-cause death during follow-up (log-rank = 27.23, p < 0.001), and had a higher chance of experiencing long-term COVID-19 cardiovascular symptoms. Specifically, fatigue and dyspnea (57.7% and 62.8%, with p-values of 0.009 and <0.001, respectively) are among the most common. Conclusions: After surviving the acute phase, patients with elevated troponin on discharge present increased mortality and long-term COVID-19 symptoms over time, which is clinically relevant in follow-up visits

Chronic Oral Anticoagulation Therapy and Prognosis of Patients Admitted to Hospital for COVID-19: Insights from the HOPE COVID-19 Registry

Background. Most evidence regarding anticoagulation and COVID-19 refers to the hospitalization setting, but the role of oral anticoagulation (OAC) before hospital admission has not been well explored. We compared clinical outcomes and short-term prognosis between patients with and without prior OAC therapy who were hospitalized for COVID-19. Methods. Analysis of the whole cohort of the HOPE COVID-19 Registry which included patients discharged (deceased or alive) after hospital admission for COVID-19 in 9 countries. All-cause mortality was the primary endpoint. Study outcomes were compared after adjusting variables using propensity score matching (PSM) analyses. Results. 7698 patients were suitable for the present analysis (675 (8.8%) on OAC at admission: 427 (5.6%) on VKAs and 248 (3.2%) on DOACs). After PSM, 1276 patients were analyzed (638 with OAC; 638 without OAC), without significant differences regarding the risk of thromboembolic events (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.59-2.08). The risk of clinically relevant bleeding (OR 3.04, 95% CI 1.92-4.83), as well as the risk of mortality (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01-1.47; log-rank p value = 0.041), was significantly increased in previous OAC users. Amongst patients on prior OAC only, there were no differences in the risk of clinically relevant bleeding, thromboembolic events, or mortality when comparing previous VKA or DOAC users, after PSM. Conclusion. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients on prior OAC therapy had a higher risk of mortality and worse clinical outcomes compared to patients without prior OAC therapy, even after adjusting for comorbidities using a PSM. There were no differences in clinical outcomes in patients previously taking VKAs or DOACs. This trial is registered with NCT04334291/EUPAS34399

Efecto repelente y tiempo de protección de aceites esenciales frente al estadio adulto de Aedes aegypti

The aim of this was to evaluate the repellent effect and protection time of essential oils against the adult Aedes aegypti mosquito. A completely randomized design was used with a factorial arrangement that included 10 essential oils (Minthostachys mollis, Schinus molle, Ruta graveolens, Piper aduncun, Myrica pubescens, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Lantana glutinosa, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus and the DEET control. 10%) and four concentrations of the oils (125, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/ml). Each experimental group consisted of 50 adult female A. aegypti mosquitoes raised in the laboratory and the repellent effect and protection time were evaluated using a sedated animal bait (Rattus rattus) with applications of 0.1 ml of the oils on the legs, tail and face. The rats and mosquitoes were found in two communicating cages of 25x25x40 cm. The oils with the greatest repellent effect and protection time, respectively, were C. citratus (97.4%; 165 minutes), E. globulus (95.8%; 165 minutes), L. glutinosa (93.8%; 180 minutes) and M. piperite (93.5%; 180 minutes) in its highest concentration (1000 mg/l); with differences between oils and between concentrations (p&lt;0.001). Likewise, DEET 10% obtained a repellency of 95.3% and a protection time of 173 minutes. It is concluded that the essential oils of C. citratus, E. globulus, L. glutinosa and M. piperita can be considered as having natural repellent potential for A. aegypti.El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el efecto repelente y tiempo de protección de aceites esenciales frente al mosquito adulto de Aedes aegypti. Se trabajó con un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial que incluyó 10 aceites esenciales (Minthostachys mollis, Schinus molle, Ruta graveolens, Piper aduncun, Myrica pubescens, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Lantana glutinosa, Cymbopogon citratus, Eucalyptus globulus y el control DEET 10%) y cuatro concentraciones de los aceites (125, 250, 500 y 1000 mg/ml). Cada grupo experimental se constituyó por 50 mosquitos hembra adultos de A. aegypti criados en laboratorio y el efecto repelente y tiempo de protección se evaluaron usando un cebo animal sedado (Rattus rattus) con aplicaciones de 0.1 ml de los aceites en patas, cola y cara. Las ratas y los mosquitos se encontraron en dos jaulas comunicadas de 25x25x40 cm. Los aceites con mayor efecto repelente y tiempo de protección, respectivamente, fueron: C. citratus (97.4%; 165 minutos), E. globulus (95.8%; 165 minutos), L. glutinosa (93.8%; 180 minutos) y M. piperita (93.5%; 180 minutos) en su concentración mayor concentración (1000 mg/l); con diferencias entre aceites y entre concentraciones (p&lt;0.001). Asimismo, el DEET 10% obtuvo una repelencia de 95.3 % y tiempo de protección de 173 minutos. Se concluye que los aceites esenciales de C. citratus, E. globulus, L. glutinosa y M. piperita pueden considerarse con potencial repelente natural para A. aegypti

Repeated pancreatic resection for pancreatic metastases from renal cell Carcinoma: A Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background and objectives: Recurrent isolated pancreatic metastasis from Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) after pancreatic resection is rare. The purpose of our study is to describe a series of cases of relapse of pancreatic metastasis from renal cancer in the pancreatic remnant and its surgical treatment with a repeated pancreatic resection, and to analyse the results of both overall and disease -free survival. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing pancreatic resection for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Patients were grouped into two groups depending on whether they received a single pancreatic resection (SPS) or iterative pancreatic resection. Data on short and long-term outcome after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 131 pancreatic resections performed in 116 patients. Thus, iterative pancreatic surgery (IPS) was performed in 15 patients. The mean length of time between the first pancreatic surgery and the second was 48.9 months (95 % CI: 22.2-56.9). There were no differences in the rate of postoperative complications. The DFS rates at 1, 3 and 5 years were 86 %, 78 % and 78 % vs 75 %, 50 % and 37 % in the IPS and SPS group respectively (p = 0.179). OS rates at 1, 3, 5 and 7 years were 100 %, 100 %, 100 % and 75 % in the IPS group vs 95 %, 85 %, 80 % and 68 % in the SPS group (p = 0.895). Conclusion: Repeated pancreatic resection in case of relapse of pancreatic metastasis of RCC in the pancreatic remnant is justified, since it achieves OS results similar to those obtained after the first resection

Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma. Postoperative outcome after surgical treatment in a Spanish multicenter study (PANMEKID)

Background: Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) occasionally spreads to the pancreas. The purpose of our study is to evaluate the short and long-term results of a multicenter series in order to determine the effect of surgical treatment on the prognosis of these patients. Methods: Multicenter retrospective study of patients undergoing surgery for RCC pancreatic metastases, from January 2010 to May 2020. Variables related to the primary tumor, demographics, clinical characteristics of metastasis, location in the pancreas, type of pancreatic resection performed and data on short and long-term evolution after pancreatic resection were collected. Results: The study included 116 patients. The mean time between nephrectomy and pancreatic metastases' resection was 87.35 months (ICR: 1.51-332.55). Distal pancreatectomy was the most performed technique employed (50 %). Postoperative morbidity was observed in 60.9 % of cases (Clavien-Dindo greater than IIIa in 14 %). The median follow-up time was 43 months (13-78). Overall survival (OS) rates at 1, 3, and 5 years were 96 %, 88 %, and 83 %, respectively. The disease-free survival (DFS) rate at 1, 3, and 5 years was 73 %, 49 %, and 35 %, respectively. Significant prognostic factors of relapse were a disease free interval of less than 10 years (2.05 [1.13-3.72], p 0.02) and a history of previous extrapancreatic metastasis (2.44 [1.22-4.86], p 0.01). Conclusions: Pancreatic resection if metastatic RCC is found in the pancreas is warranted to achieve higher overall survival and disease-free survival, even if extrapancreatic metastases were previously removed. The existence of intrapancreatic multifocal compromise does not always warrant the performance of a total pancreatectomy in order to improve survival. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

Desarrollo educativo al servicio del desarrollo social

La publicación recoge las aportaciones y los trabajos realizados con motivo del "Proyecto de apoyo y fortalecimiento educacional en gestión directiva y competencias profesionales docentes", promovido por varias instituciones, coordinado por el Equipo de Desarrollo Organizacional (EDO) de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona; y subvencionado por la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (AECID). La finalidad del proyecto, en el que se enmarcan las aportaciones de la publicación, es construir una red de cooperación y apoyo con y entre los centros educativos dependientes de la municipalidad de Coyhaique (Chile), para impulsar la mejora educativa y con ella el desarrollo social y cultural del territorio. La temática enlaza con la labor promotora del desarrollo y el liderazgo que las universidades han de realizar en su contexto referencial; además, de potenciar el rol y el compromiso del profesorado en esos procesos. Durante los dos años y medio transcurridos en la materialización del proyecto, la labor realizada en 12 escuelas dependientes del Departamento de Educación de la municipalidad de Coyhaique ha sido intensa por la cantidad de acciones y actividades desarrolladas, fructífera en relación al proceso de desarrollo de colaboración interuniversitaria de la Universidad de Talca y la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona y muy satisfactoria en relación a los procesos iniciados y a los indicadores de éxito ya alcanzados. La aportación recoge reflexiones sobre la temática y realizaciones de los doce centros. La proyección última es la de mejorar la capacidad de los centros para promover los cambios que posibiliten aumentar su calidad educativa e, indirectamente, mejorar el desarrollo social a partir de una mejor cualificación de sus recursos humanos y de una mayor implicación social de los promotores del mismo

Municipio y educación : reflexiones, experiencias y desafíos

La presente aportación recoge reflexiones y experiencias relacionadas con el trabajo educativo en el territorio de Coyhaique y otros municipios. Más allá de las contribuciones que presenta, representa la defensa y reivindicación de la participación de los municipios en la organización y gestión del servicio público de la educación. Si bien es cierto que la educación centralizada ha servido durante mucho tiempo a los procesos de generalización de la escolarización, su capacidad de incidencia en la mejora de la calidad educativa es cada vez más cuestionada. Y es que no es posible dar las respuestas adecuadas a los variados contextos y situaciones que a menudo se dan dentro de un país. La extensión de los procesos de democratización social y la necesidad de una educación respetuosa con los diferentes contextos y más atenta a las necesidades de las personas, han promovido los procesos de descentralización y, con ellos, los debates sobre la participación municipal en educación y la necesidad de la autonomía institucional. Como reiteran los sucesivos informes PISA, las escuelas funcionan de manera más eficiente cuando el nivel de autonomía es elevado y éste va acompañado de procesos de rendición de cuentas. No se trata de un cambio de modelo sino, creemos, de una necesaria evolución del existente. Si queremos que la educación también esté al servicio de las personas, debemos facilitar modelos organizativos que permitan la participación de las mismas y de sus entornos próximos. Lo importante es entender que los cambios efectivos son complejos y resultado de sinergias internas y externas, que más que excluir a alguien cuentan con los recursos de todos. El presente texto entiende que, a través de sus propuestas, ejemplos y valoraciones, puede ayudar al debate establecido. Por una parte, presenta tres aportaciones generales que reflexionan sobre los procesos de cambio, el rol de los municipios y el protagonismo de los profesores, abordando tres niveles de la realidad educativa. Por otra parte, se organizan bloques de aportaciones y experiencias que hacen referencia tanto a las políticas y prácticas organizativas a nivel municipal como a las experiencias relacionadas con la participación de los apoderados, la mejora de la calidad o las conexiones con el entorno social. Somos conscientes de que las aportaciones son una pequeña isla dentro de las posibilidades y realidades de la educación a nivel de municipios, pero nos parece que sistematizarlas y difundirlas a través de un texto puede ser una manera adecuada de impulsar el debate. Esperemos que el ejemplo sea limitado en el futuro