1,752 research outputs found
Spill-Overs from Good Jobs
Does attracting or losing jobs in high paying sectors have important spill-over effects on wages in other sectors? The answer to this question is central to a proper assessment of many trade and industrial policies. In this paper, we explore this question by examining how predictable changes in industrial composition in favor of high paying sectors affect wage determination at the industry-city level. In particular, we use US Census data over the years 1970 to 2000 to quantify the relationship between changes in industry-specific city-level wages and changes in industrial composition. Our finding is that the spill-over (i.e., general equilibrium) effects associated with changes in the fraction of jobs in high paying sectors are very substantial and persistent. Our point estimates indicate that the total effect on average wages of a change in industrial composition that favors high paying sectors is about 3.5 times greater than that obtained from a commonly used composition-adjustment approach which neglects general equilibrium effects. We interpret our results as being most likely driven by a variant of the mechanism recently emphasized in the heterogenous firm literature whereby changes in competitive pressure cause a reallocation of employment toward the most efficient firms.
Changes in the World Distribution of Output per Worker, 1960-1998: How a Standard Decomposition Tells an Unorthodox Story.
The origin of the E+ transition in GaAsN alloys
Optical properties of GaAsN system with nitrogen concentrations in the range
of 0.9-3.7% are studied by full-potential LAPW method in a supercell approach.
The E+ transition is identified by calculating the imaginary part of the
dielectric function. The evolution of the energy of this transition with
nitrogen concentration is studied and the origin of this transition is
identified by analyzing the contributions to the dielectric function from
different band combinations. The L_1c-derived states are shown to play an
important role in the formation of the E+ transition, which was also suggested
by recent experiments. At the same time the nitrogen-induced modification of
the first conduction band of the host compound are also found to contribute
significantly to the E+ transition. Further, the study of several model
supercells demonstrated the significant influence of the nitrogen potential on
the optical properties of the GaAsN system.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Crew Motion and the Dynamic Environment of Spaceborne Experiments
Analytical study of crew motion on dynamic environment of orbiting laboratorie
Constructing the determinant sphere using a Tate twist
Following an idea of Hopkins, we construct a model of the determinant sphere in the category of -local spectra. To do this, we build a spectrum which we call the Tate sphere . This is a -complete sphere with a natural continuous action of . The Tate sphere inherits an action of via the determinant and smashing Morava -theory with has the effect of twisting the action of . A large part of this paper consists of analyzing continuous -actions and their homotopy fixed points in the setup of Devinatz and Hopkins
The topological modular forms of and
In this paper, we study the elliptic spectral sequence computing and . Specifically, we compute all differentials and resolve exotic extensions by 2, , and . For , we also compute the effect of the -self maps of on -homology
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae induces SJPL cell cycle arrest in G2/M-phase and inhibits porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus replication
Background: Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is one of the most important pathogens
in the swine industry and causes important economic losses. No effective antiviral drugs against it are commercially
available. We recently reported that the culture supernatant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the porcine
pleuropneumonia causative agent, has an antiviral activity in vitro against PRRSV in SJPL cells. Objectives of this
study were (i) to identify the mechanism behind the antiviral activity displayed by A. pleuropneumoniae and (ii) to
characterize the active molecules present in the bacterial culture supernatant.
Methods: Antibody microarray analysis was used in order to point out cellular pathways modulated by the
A. pleuropneumoniae supernatant. Subsequent, flow cytometry analysis and cell cycle inhibitors were used to
confirm antibody microarray data and to link them to the antiviral activity of the A. pleuropneumoniae supernatant.
Finally, A. pleuropneumoniae supernatant characterization was partially achieved using mass spectrometry.
Results: Using antibody microarray, we observed modulations in G2/M-phase cell cycle regulation pathway when
SJPL cells were treated with A. pleuropneumoniae culture supernatant. These modulations were confirmed by a
cell cycle arrest at the G2/M-phase when cells were treated with the A. pleuropneumoniae culture supernatant.
Furthermore, two G2/M-phase cell cycle inhibitors demonstrated the ability to inhibit PRRSV infection, indicating a
potential key role for PRRSV infection. Finally, mass spectrometry lead to identify two molecules (m/z 515.2 and
m/z 663.6) present only in the culture supernatant.
Conclusions: We demonstrated for the first time that A. pleuropneumoniae is able to disrupt SJPL cell cycle
resulting in inhibitory activity against PRRSV. Furthermore, two putative molecules were identified from the culture
supernatant. This study highlighted the cell cycle importance for PRRSV and will allow the development of new
prophylactic or therapeutic approaches against PRRSV
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