A Comparison Of Leadership Styles And Gender Role Internalization Among Female Managers In The United States

The current research study examined the relationship between gender role internalization and transformational and transactional leadership style in female managers. This researcher intended to discover whether the internalization of messages that society presents about female behavior correlates with the adoption of transformational leadership by women in management positions. Specifically, the researcher wanted to find out whether there was a higher level of gender role internalization among female transformational leaders than in female transactional leaders

Connexin43 ablation in foetal atrial myocytes decreases electrical coupling, partner connexins, and sodium current

Aims Remodelling and regional gradients in expression of connexins (Cx) are thought to contribute to atrial electrical dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. We assessed the effect of interaction between Cx43, Cx40, and Cx45 on atrial cell-to-cell coupling and inward Na current (INa) in engineered pairs of atrial myocytes derived from wild-type mice (Cx43+/+) and mice with genetic ablation of Cx43 (Cx43−/−). Methods and results Cell pairs were engineered by microcontact printing from atrial Cx43+/+ and Cx43−/− murine myocytes (1 day before birth, 3-5 days in culture). Dual and single voltage clamp were used to measure intercellular electrical conductance, gj, and its dependence on transjunctional voltage, Vj, single gap junction channel conductances, and INa. 3D reconstructions of Cx43, Cx40, and Cx45 immunosignals in gap junctions were made from confocal slices. Full genetic Cx43 ablation produced a decrease in immunosignals of Cx40 to 62 ± 10% (mean ± SE; n= 17) and Cx45 to 66 ± 8% (n= 16). Gj decreased from 80 ± 9 nS (Cx43+/+, n= 17) to 24 ± 2 nS (Cx43−/−, n= 35). Single channel analysis showed a shift in the main peak of the channel histogram from 49 ± 1.7 nS (Cx43+/+) to 67 ± 1.8 nS (Cx43−/−) with a second minor peak appearing at 27 ± 1.5 pS. The dependence of gj on Vj decreased with Cx43 ablation. Importantly, peak INa decreased from −350 ± 44 pA/pF (Cx43+/+) to −154 ± 28 pA/pF (Cx43−/−). Conclusions The dependence of Cx40, Cx45, and INa on Cx43 expression indicates a complex interaction between connexins and INa in the atrial intercalated discs that is likely to be of relevance for arrhythmogenesi

The Future of Women\u27s Studies (Continued)

from the CALIFORNIA STATE UNIVERSITY, CHICO Women\u27s Studies at Chico developed from courses offered by women in their different departments, gathered to form a minor degree program in spring, 1973. Two specifically women\u27s studies courses were designed at that time: a team-taught Introduction to Women\u27s Studies (draws around 80 students a semester, changes women students\u27 expectations and horizons by projecting models of achieving women) and a Senior Research Seminar designed to integrate the students\u27 major and minor. Both are taught by the Women\u27s Studies Coordinator. Student demand has led to the development of new courses whose content received a great deal of student input: Women\u27s Health, Women in the Working World, Women in Art, Minority Women and the Re-Entry Program for Mature Women. There are now 20 courses offered through the Women\u27s Studies Program. Students are designing special degrees on the B.A. and M.A. level in areas such as Women and Counseling, Psychology and Art. ...from the CITY COLLEGE OF THE CITY UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK... ...from FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY... ...from the JERSEY CITY STATE COLLEGE... ...from the UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND... ...from UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS/AMHERST... ...from the UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA... ...from the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH FLORIDA..

Health literacy interventions for secondary prevention of coronary artery disease : a scoping review

Deficits in health literacy are common in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and this is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In this scoping review, we sought to identify health literacy interventions that aimed to improve outcomes in patients with CAD, using a contemporary conceptual model that captures multiple aspects of health literacy. We searched electronic databases for studies published since 2010. Eligible were studies of interventions supporting patients with CAD to find, understand and use health information via one of the following: building social support for health; empowering people with lower health literacy; improving interaction between patients and the health system; improving health literacy capacities of clinicians or facilitating access to health services. Studies were assessed for methodological quality, and findings were analysed through qualitative synthesis. In total, 21 studies were included. Of these, 10 studies aimed to build social support for health; 6 of these were effective, including those involving partners or peers. Five studies targeted interaction between patients and the health system; four of these reported improved outcomes, including through use of teach-back. One study addressed health literacy capacities of clinicians through communication training, and two facilitated access to health services via structured follow-up-all reporting positive outcomes. Health literacy is a prerequisite for CAD patients to self-manage their health. Through use of a conceptual framework to describe health literacy interventions, we identified mechanisms by which patients can be supported to improve health outcomes. Our findings warrant integration of these interventions into routine clinical practice. [Abstract copyright: © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.

Analysis of the OSSEs with multi-platform in situ data and impact on fine-scale structures

This report includes recommendations for the planification of in situ experiments aimed to reconstruct fine-scale ocean currents (~20 km), such as those that will be conducted to validate SWOT satellite observations

A classification system for teachers’ motivational behaviors recommended in self-determination theory interventions

Teachers’ behavior is a key factor that influences students’ motivation. Many theoretical models have tried to explain this influence, with one of the most thoroughly researched being self-determination theory (SDT). We used a Delphi method to create a classification of teacher behaviors consistent with SDT. This is useful because SDT-based interventions have been widely used to improve educational outcomes. However, these interventions contain many components. Reliably classifying and labeling those components is essential for implementation, reproducibility, and evidence synthesis. We used an international expert panel (N = 34) to develop this classification system. We started by identifying behaviors from existing literature, then refined labels, descriptions, and examples using the Delphi panel’s input. Next, the panel of experts iteratively rated the relevance of each behavior to SDT, the psychological need that each behavior influenced, and its likely effect on motivation. To create a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of behaviors, experts nominated overlapping behaviors that were redundant, and suggested new ones missing from the classification. After three rounds, the expert panel agreed upon 57 teacher motivational behaviors (TMBs) that were consistent with SDT. For most behaviors (77%), experts reached consensus on both the most relevant psychological need and influence on motivation. Our classification system provides a comprehensive list of TMBs and consistent terminology in how those behaviors are labeled. Researchers and practitioners designing interventions could use these behaviors to design interventions, to reproduce interventions, to assess whether these behaviors moderate intervention effects, and could focus new research on areas where experts disagreed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved

A classification system for teachers’ motivational behaviors recommended in self-determination theory interventions.

Teachers’ behavior is a key factor that influences students’ motivation. Many theoretical models have tried to explain this influence, with one of the most thoroughly researched being self-determination theory (SDT). We used a Delphi method to create a classification of teacher behaviors consistent with SDT. This is useful because SDT-based interventions have been widely used to improve educational outcomes. However, these interventions contain many components. Reliably classifying and labeling those components is essential for implementation, reproducibility, and evidence synthesis.We used an international expert panel (N = 34) to develop this classification system. We started by identifying behaviors from existing literature, then refined labels, descriptions, and examples using the Delphi panel’s input. Next, the panel of experts iteratively rated the relevance of each behavior to SDT, the psychological need that each behavior influenced, and its likely effect on motivation. To create a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of behaviors, experts nominated overlapping behaviors that were redundant, and suggested new ones missing from the classification. After three rounds, the expert panel agreed upon 57 teacher motivational behaviors (TMBs) that were consistent with SDT. For most behaviors (77%), experts reached consensus on both the most relevant psychological need and influence on motivation. Our classification system provides a comprehensive list of TMBs and consistent terminology in how those behaviors are labeled. Researchers and practitioners designing interventions could use these behaviors to design interventions, to reproduce interventions, to assess whether these behaviors moderate intervention effects, and could focus new research on areas where experts disagreed

Ethical issues relating to the banking of umbilical cord blood in Mexico

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Umbilical cord banks are a central component, as umbilical cord tissue providers, in both medical treatment and scientific research with stem cells. But, whereas the creation of umbilical cord banks is seen as successful practice, it is perceived as a risky style of play by others. This article examines and discusses the ethical, medical and legal considerations that arise from the operation of umbilical cord banks in Mexico.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>A number of experts have stated that the use of umbilical cord goes beyond the mere utilization of human tissues for the purpose of treatment. This tissue is also used in research studies: genetic studies, studies to evaluate the effectiveness of new antibiotics, studies to identify new proteins, etc. Meanwhile, others claim that the law and other norms for the functioning of cord banks are not consistent and are poorly defined. Some of these critics point out that the confidentiality of donor information is handled differently in different places. The fact that private cord banks offer their services as "biological insurance" in order to obtain informed consent by promising the parents that the tissue that will be stored insures the health of their child in the future raises the issue of whether the consent is freely given or given under coercion. Another consideration that must be made in relation to privately owned cord banks has to do with the ownership of the stored umbilical cord.</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Conflicts between moral principles and economic interests (non-moral principles) cause dilemmas in the clinical practice of umbilical cord blood storage and use especially in privately owned banks. This article presents a reflection and some of the guidelines that must be followed by umbilical cord banks in order to deal with these conflicts. This reflection is based on the fundamental notions of ethics and public health and seeks to be a contribution towards the improvement of umbilical cord banks' performance.</p

Food parenting practices for 5 to 12 year old children: a concept map analysis of parenting and nutrition experts input

Abstract Background Parents are an important influence on children’s dietary intake and eating behaviors. However, the lack of a conceptual framework and inconsistent assessment of food parenting practices limits our understanding of which food parenting practices are most influential on children. The aim of this study was to develop a food parenting practice conceptual framework using systematic approaches of literature reviews and expert input. Method A previously completed systematic review of food parenting practice instruments and a qualitative study of parents informed the development of a food parenting practice item bank consisting of 3632 food parenting practice items. The original item bank was further reduced to 110 key food parenting concepts using binning and winnowing techniques. A panel of 32 experts in parenting and nutrition were invited to sort the food parenting practice concepts into categories that reflected their perceptions of a food parenting practice conceptual framework. Multi-dimensional scaling produced a point map of the sorted concepts and hierarchical cluster analysis identified potential solutions. Subjective modifications were used to identify two potential solutions, with additional feedback from the expert panel requested. Results The experts came from 8 countries and 25 participated in the sorting and 23 provided additional feedback. A parsimonious and a comprehensive concept map were developed based on the clustering of the food parenting practice constructs. The parsimonious concept map contained 7 constructs, while the comprehensive concept map contained 17 constructs and was informed by a previously published content map for food parenting practices. Most of the experts (52%) preferred the comprehensive concept map, while 35% preferred to present both solutions. Conclusion The comprehensive food parenting practice conceptual map will provide the basis for developing a calibrated Item Response Modeling (IRM) item bank that can be used with computerized adaptive testing. Such an item bank will allow for more consistency in measuring food parenting practices across studies to better assess the impact of food parenting practices on child outcomes and the effect of interventions that target parents as agents of change