The effect of organizational responsibility in attitudes toward hiring individuals with disadvantages

La presente investigación estudia el cambio de actitudes en el contexto laboral hacia la contratación de personas con discapacidad. Fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente 80 trabajadores de distintas empresas para participar de forma voluntaria y anónima en esta investigación. Se examinó el efecto de la responsabilidad organizacional de los participantes sobre el procesamiento de mensajes persuasivos y las actitudes hacia la incorporación de trabajadores de este colectivo minoritario. Mediante un análisis de varianza, se encontró que los participantes que informaron tener (vs. no tener) responsabilidad sobre otras personas en sus empresas discriminaron en mayor medida entre los argumentos fuertes y débiles de la propuesta persuasiva. En línea con la investigación previa sobre responsabilidad personal y persuasión, estos resultados sugieren que la responsabilidad organizacional influye sobre la cantidad de procesamiento o sobre la validez de los pensamientos generados en respuesta a la propuesta.The present research studies how to promote attitudes toward hiring more people with disabilities in the job market. Eighty workers of different companies were selected randomly to take part voluntarily and anonymously in this study. We examined the effect of organizational responsibility on the processing of persuasive messages and attitudes toward incorporating more workers pertaining to this minority group. By means of an analysis of variance, we found that the participants who reported to have (vs. not to have) responsibility over other employees in their organizations were more likely to discriminate between the strong and weak arguments of the persuasive proposal. In line with previous research on personal responsibility and persuasion, these results suggest that organizational responsibility can influence the amount of processing or the perceived validity of the thoughts generated in response to the proposal

El componente eudaimónico de la satisfacción con la vida y el bienestar psicológico en culturas hispanas

In the study of well-being there are two partially overlapping traditions that have been developed in parallel. Subjective well-being (SWB) has been associated with the hedonistic approach of well-being, and psychological well-being (PWB) with the eudaimonistic one. However, satisfaction with life, the most common SWB indicator, is not strictly a hedonic concept and contains many eudaimonic components. The objective of this research is to examine whether a Eudaimonic Well-being G-Factor of Satisfaction with Life (SWLS) and Psychological Well-being Scales (PWBS) emerges. Method: 400 people from the general population of Colombia (Study 1) and 401 from Spain (Study 2), recruited via advertisement, voluntarily participated and fi lled in a booklet containing, in order of appearance, the PWBS and the SWLS. Results: According to our hypothesis, parallel analysis, eigenvalues, scree plot graphs and exploratory factor analysis (Study 1) suggested the existence of a one-factor structure. Confirmatory factor analysis (Study 2) indicated that this one-factor model provided excellent data fi t. Results of a multi-group confi rmatory factor analysis confi rmed cross-cultural factor invariance. Conclusions: These results question the view that the satisfaction with life indicator is uniquely hedonic and point to the need for a greater integration between hedonic and eudaimonic traditionsEn el estudio del bienestar existen dos tradiciones parcialmente solapadas que se han desarrollado en paralelo. El bienestar subjetivo (BS) se ha asociado tradicionalmente con la aproximación hedonista y el bienestar psicológico (BP) con la eudaimonista. Sin embargo, la satisfacción con la vida, el indicador más empleado de BS, incluye componentes claramente eudaimónicos. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar si emerge un Factor G-Bienestar Eudaimónico de la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (ESV) y las Escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff (EBP). Método: 400 personas de población general de Colombia (estudio 1) y 401 de España (estudio 2) completaron, en este orden, las EBP y las ESV. Resultados: el Análisis Paralelo de Horn y el Análisis Factorial Exploratorio (estudio 1) indicaron la existencia de una estructura de un factor. El Análisis Factorial Confi rmatorio (estudio 2) demostró que el modelo de un factor se ajustaba de forma excelente a los datos. Mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio multi-grupo se confirmó la invarianza factorial transcultural. Conclusiones: estos resultados cuestionan que la satisfacción con la vida sea un indicador únicamente hedónico y señalan la necesidad de que se produzca una mayor integración entre la tradición hedónica y eudaimónicaThis research was supported by Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness - Government of Spain (PSI2012-37808) and Spanish Agency for International Development Cooperation (C03070610

Promocionando la alimentación saludable a través de la mejora en la relación entre actitudes e intenciones conductuales.

Background: Healthy eating campaigns are not always successful in changing food-related attitudes. Even when interventions produce the desired outcomes in attitudes, it is often challenging to translate those psychological changes into subsequent behaviors. Previous research has shown that elaboration (amount of thinking) is a critical construct for understanding the ability of attitudes to guide behavior. Instead of looking directly at objective elaboration, this study examined attitudebehavior correspondence as a function of subjective elaboration. Method: Participants were fi rst randomly assigned to generate positive or negative arguments with regard to taxing junk food. After this experimental manipulation, participants reported their subjective elaboration (as an additional predictor), and their attitudes and behavioral intentions regarding the proposal (as dependent measures). Results: As hypothesized, the results showed that the greater perceived elaboration, the larger the ability of attitudes to guide behavioral intentions. That is, attitudes were more predictive of behavioral intentions in participants with higher levels of perceived elaboration compared to those with relatively lower levels of subjective thinking. Conclusion: Health initiatives can benefi t from considering the extent to which participants perceive thinking about persuasive proposalsAntecedentes: las campañas que promocionan una alimentación saludable no siempre consiguen cambiar las actitudes de las personas. Incluso cuando se cambian las actitudes, a menudo esos cambios no se traducen en los correspondientes comportamientos saludables. La investigación llevada a cabo hasta este momento demuestra que la cantidad de elaboración sobre una propuesta persuasiva constituye un constructo esencial a la hora de entender la relación entre actitudes e intenciones conductuales. En la presente investigación se estudia el papel de la elaboración subjetiva en la relación entre actitudes e intenciones conductuales dentro del contexto de la evaluación de la comida saludable. Método: los participantes del estudio fueron asignados aleatoriamente a generar pensamientos positivos o negativos sobre la posibilidad de aumentar los impuestos a la comida basura. Después de esta manipulación experimental, se midió la elaboración subjetiva (predictor) y las actitudes e intenciones conductuales con respecto a la propuesta persuasiva (medidas dependientes). Resultados: se encontró que cuanto mayor fue la elaboración percibida, mayor resultó la capacidad de las actitudes para guiar las intenciones conductuales. Conclusión: las iniciativas de salud pueden beneficiarse de forma significativa al incluir una medida sencilla de la elaboración percibidaThis work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy Grant PSI2017-83303-C2-1-

Attitude change as a function of the number of words in which thoughts are expressed

This research examines whether varying the number of words in which thoughts are expressed can influence subsequent evaluations. Across six studies, keeping the number of thoughts constant, we tested to what extent the length of the thoughts, the personal importance of the topic, and the extent of practice in short versus long thought expression influenced attitude change. In the first two studies, expressing thoughts in one word (vs. many words) led to less thought use when the topic was high in importance (Experiment 1) but to more thought use when topic was low in importance (Experiment 2). In a third study, the number of words used was manipulated along with the perceived importance of the experimental task. As predicted, expressing thoughts was perceived to be easier with one vs. many words when the task was low in importance but the opposite held when it was high in importance. In Experiment 4, attitudes were more influenced by thoughts when one word was used in a task that was framed to low importance task but many words were used on the task framed with high importance. Experiment 5 included a direct manipulation of ease and extended these results from a motivational framework to an ability setting by using a paradigm in which familiarity (based on prior training) interacted with thought length to affect attitudes. A final study replicated the key effect with more real-world materials, and extended the contribution from an experimental approach to testing process to a measurement approach to mediationThis work was supported in part by the Spanish Government [grant number PSI2014-58476-P] to the second author and to NSF [grant 0847834] to the third autho

Validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the revised Self-Monitoring scale

This article has been published in a revised form in The Spanish Journal of Psychology http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2015.64. This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative worksSelf-Monitoring (SM) is a concept that refers to individual differences in this orientation toward regulation of social behavior. The goal of the present research was to provide a Spanish adaptation of Snyder and Gangestad’s (1986) Revised SM Scale. After conducting an initial pilot study, results showed that the Spanish version of the scale had good internal reliability and adequate factor structure. In Study 1, analyses support a unidimensional structure of the scale (χ2/df = 2.64; GFI = .97; IFI = .97; TLI = .96; RMSEA = .06). In Study 2, the scale showed discriminant validity from other individual differences measures, such as Need for Cognition (r = 0.12 p = 0.14), Social Desirability (r = 0.06, p > .45) and Extraversion (r = 0.28 p = .001). In Study 3, the scale showed adequate test-retest reliability (r = 0.71, p < .001). Finally, using a paradigm of attitude-behavior consistenty, Study 4 showed that the validated scale also had good predictive validity (B = –0.819, p = .035

Effect of regulatory focus on performance and evaluation of training in organizations context

La formación empresarial no siempre consigue los objetivos deseados. Con el propósito de evaluar este problema, el presente estudio examinó en qué medida el rendimiento y la satisfacción en una tarea de formación en idiomas podían cambiar en función del foco regulatorio con el que se afronta dicha tarea. Se manipuló sutilmente el enfoque con el que los empleados de una empresa grande abordaron la tarea de formación, con lo que se crearon tres tipos de instrucciones: planteamiento de promoción, planteamiento de prevención y grupo control. Se evaluó la influencia de esta variable independiente (el foco regulatorio) en relación con el rendimiento y las percepciones de los trabajadores en la tarea. Los resultados mostraron que el foco regulatorio influyó en la satisfacción y el rendimiento percibido, pero no en el rendimiento objetivo. Este trabajo muestra que el efecto de la formación en un contexto organizacional varía en función del enfoque motivacionalTraining programs are not always successful in achieving desired goals. In order to address this issue, the present research examined the extent to which performance and satisfaction in a language training task could change as a function of regulatory focus for task coping. The approach with which employees from a large company addressed the training task was subtly manipulated, creating three types of instructions: promotion approach, prevention approach, and control group. The influence of this independent variable (regulatory focus) was evaluated with regard to employees’ performance and perceptions. Results showed that regulatory focus affected satisfaction and perceived performance, but not objective performance. Th is work reveals that the training effect in an organizational context varies as a function of motivational focu

DNA damage triggers squamous metaplasia in human lung and mammary cells via mitotic checkpoints

Epithelial transdifferentiation is frequent in tissue hyperplasia and contributes to disease in various degrees. Squamous metaplasia (SQM) precedes epidermoid lung cancer, an aggressive and frequent malignancy, but it is rare in the epithelium of the mammary gland. The mechanisms leading to SQM in the lung have been very poorly investigated. We have studied this issue on human freshly isolated cells and organoids. Here we show that human lung or mammary cells strikingly undergo SQM with polyploidisation when they are exposed to genotoxic or mitotic drugs, such as Doxorubicin or the cigarette carcinogen DMBA, Nocodazole, Taxol or inhibitors of Aurora-B kinase or Polo-like kinase. To note, the epidermoid response was attenuated when DNA repair was enhanced by Enoxacin or when mitotic checkpoints where abrogated by inhibition of Chk1 and Chk2. The results show that DNA damage has the potential to drive SQM via mitotic checkpoints, thus providing novel molecular candidate targets to tackle lung SCC. Our findings might also explain why SCC is frequent in the lung, but not in the mammary gland and why chemotherapy often causes complicating skin toxicity

El efecto de la responsabilidad organizacional sobre las actitudes hacia la contratación de personas con discapacidad

The present research studies how to promote attitudes toward hiring more people with disabilities in the job market. Eighty workers of different companies were selected randomly to take part voluntarily and anonymously in this study. We examined the effect of organizational responsibility on the processing of persuasive messages and attitudes toward incorporating more workers pertaining to this minority group. By means of an analysis of variance, we found that the participants who reported to have (vs. not to have) responsibility over other employees in their organizations were more likely to discriminate between the strong and weak arguments of the persuasive proposal. In line with previous research on personal responsibility and persuasion, these results suggest that organizational responsibility can influence the amount of processing or the perceived validity of the thoughts generated in response to the proposal.La presente investigación estudia el cambio de actitudes en el contexto laboral hacia la contratación de personas con discapacidad. Fueron seleccionados aleatoriamente 80 trabajadores de distintas empresas, para participar de forma voluntaria y anónima en esta investigación. Se examinó el efecto de la responsabilidad organizacional de los participantes, sobre el procesamiento de mensajes persuasivos y las actitudes hacia la incorporación de trabajadores de este colectivo minoritario. Mediante un análisis de varianza, se encontró que los participantes que informaron tener (vs. no tener) responsabilidad sobre otras personas discriminaron en mayor medida entre los argumentos fuertes y débiles de la propuesta persuasiva. En línea con la investigación previa sobre responsabilidad personal y persuasión, estos resultados sugieren que la responsabilidad organizacional influye sobre la cantidad de procesamiento o sobre la validez de los pensamientos generados en respuesta a la propuesta

Validity and Reliability of the Spanish Version of the Revised Self-Monitoring Scale

Self-Monitoring (SM) is a concept that refers to individual differences in this orientation toward regulation of social behavior. The goal of the present research was to provide a Spanish adaptation of Snyder and Gangestad’s (1986) Revised SM Scale. After conducting an initial pilot study, results showed that the Spanish version of the scale had good internal reliability and adequate factor structure. In Study 1, analyses support a unidimensional structure of the scale (χ2/df = 2.64; GFI = .97; IFI = .97; TLI = .96; RMSEA = .06). In Study 2, the scale showed discriminant validity from other individual differences measures, such as Need for Cognition (r = 0.12 p = 0.14), Social Desirability (r = 0.06, p > .45) and Extraversion (r = 0.28 p = .001). In Study 3, the scale showed adequate test-retest reliability (r = 0.71, p < .001). Finally, using a paradigm of attitude-behavior consistenty, Study 4 showed that the validated scale also had good predictive validity (B = –0.819, p = .035)