Effect of benzyladenine on the abundance and quality of flower yield in the calla lily (Zantedeschia spreng.)

The soaking of rhizomes, 15–18 cm in circumference in the cultivars 'Black Magic' and 'Mango' as well as 20+ cm in 'Albomaculata', with leaf buds 0.5–2 cm in length, in solutions of benzyladenine at concentrations of 100, 350 and 600 mg × dm-3 lasted 30 and 60 minutes. After this procedure, slightly dried rhizomes were planted into 20-cm pots. Rhizome soaking in BA at concentrations of 350–600 mg × dm-3 for 60 minutes increases the yield of flowers 3–4 times in 'Black Magic', 'Mango', and 'Albomaculata'. BA at concentrations of 350–600 mg × dm-3 retards the flowering of the cultivars 'Black Magic', 'Mango', and 'Albomaculata'. However, at 100 mg × dm-3 it brings flowering forward in 'Mango' and 'Albomacu- lata'. BA at a concentration of 600 mg × dm-3 inhibits the growth of peduncles, while at a concentration of 100–600 mg × dm-3 it causes the formation of longer spathes in the cultivar 'Albomaculata'. In 'Black Magic' at a concentration of 350–600 mg × dm-3 and in 'Mango' at a concentration of 100–600 mg × dm-3, it causes the development of flowers with a smaller weight

Post-harvest longevity of ×Heucherella L. leaves after the application of benzyladenine sprayed on maternal plants

Analyses were conducted on leaves of two ×Heucherella L. cultivars: ‘Solar Power’ and ‘Kimono’. Leaves were harvested at two dates: spring (2014-05-22) and summer (2014-07-26). Prior to each leaf harvest day, the maternal plants were sprayed with benzyladenine (BA) at a concentration of 100, 300 and 600 mg dm−3. After being cut, the leaves were placed in containers with distilled water. In the cultivar ‘Solar Power’, BA at a concentration of 100–600 mg dm−3 had an advantageous effect on post-harvest longevity of leaves harvested in summer, improving it by 31.7–98.3%, while in the cultivar ‘Kimono’ BA at the above-mentioned concentrations improved post-harvest longevity of leaves harvested both in spring and summer by almost 2 months. BA at a concentration of 100–600 mg dm−3 inhibited proteolysis in leaves of the tested ×Heucherella cultivars, except for leaves of the cultivars ‘Solar Power’ and ‘Kimono’ harvested in summer from plants sprayed with BA at a concentration of 100 mg dm−3. In these leaves, the protein level was comparable to that in the control leaves. In leaves treated with BA at a concentration of 100–600 mg dm−3, the content of saccharides was higher than in the control plants harvested in the spring and summer

Psychological description at depression in combat sports - on the example of male judo

Wojdat Marta, Janowska Patrycja, Pujszo Małgorzata, Stępniak Robert, Wolska Beata. Psychological description at depression in combat sports - on the example of male judo. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2017;7(8):256-266. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.846916 http://ojs.ukw.edu.pl/index.php/johs/article/view/4723 The journal has had 7 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education parametric evaluation. Part B item 1223 (26.01.2017). 1223 Journal of Education, Health and Sport eISSN 2391-8306 7 © The Authors 2017; This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz, Poland Open Access. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted, non commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is properly cited. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper. Received: 01.08.2017. Revised: 02.08.2017. Accepted: 22.08.2017. Psychologiczne spojrzenie na depresję w sportach walki - na przykładzie judo mężczyzn Psychological description at depression in combat sports - on the example of male judo Wojdat Marta1, Janowska Patrycja1, Pujszo Małgorzata1, Stępniak Robert2, Wolska Beata3 1 Studenckie Koło Naukowe "WyKoNa", Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Bydgoszcz, Polska 2 Instytut Kultury Fizycznej, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, Bydgoszcz, Polska 3 Zakład Sportów Walki Akademia Wychowania Fizycznego i Sportu, Gdańsk, Polska Corresponding author: Stępniak Robert Ph. D Instytut Kultury Fizycznej, Uniwersytet Kazimierza Wielkiego, ul. Sportowa 2, 85-091 Bydgoszcz Polska email: [email protected] Słowa kluczowe: depresja, pozycja społeczna, zawodnicy judo Keywords: depression, social position, judo fighters Streszczenie Celem pracy było opisanie stanu depresji w środowisku osób trenujących judo w sposób profesjonalny bądź zawodowy, oraz znalezienie ewentualnych związków pomiędzy depresją a karierą sportową i funkcjonowaniem w społeczeństwie tej grupy sportowców. Badania wykazały istotnie niższy stopień depresji w środowisku judoków, związki tego zjawiska w funkcjonowaniem społecznym oraz brak związku z jakością kariery sportowej. Abstract The aim of the study was to describe the level of depression in judo practitioners - (professional and recreational) and to find possible associations between depression and sports careers and the social functioning of this group of athletes. Studies have shown a significantly lower level of depression in the judo group, and the dependence of this phenomenon with social functioning, and a lack of association depression with quality of athletic career

Comparative analysis of the level of aggression between the women practicing judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu

Aim: Comparison of the level of aggression between the women practicing judo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu against the average aggression level among Polish women. Materials and methods: A group of 30 women practicing judo and a group of 27 women practicing jiu-jitsu were tested by using a questionnaire to show the aggression level- ‘Aggression questionnaire’ by Buss, Amity Institute with Polish adaptations. Results: The total decreasing in the aggression level was observed among the group of women practicing judo and partial among women practicing Brazilian jiu-jitsu. Conclusion: A longstanding practice of Brazilian jiu-jitsu by women results in decreasing of aggression level, what can be later used during planning therapeutic schemes

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

REEMISSION OF MERCURY COMPOUNDS FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE DISPOSAL

The sewage sludge disposal and cultivation methods consist in storage, agricultural use, compost production, biogas production or heat treatment. The sewage sludge production in municipal sewage sludge treatment plants in year 2013 in Poland amounted to 540.3 thousand Mg d.m. The sewage sludge for agricultural or natural use must satisfy chemical, sanitary and environmental safety requirements. The heavy metal content, including the mercury content, determines the sewage sludge disposal method. Mercury has a high chemical activity and biological form compounds with different properties. The properties of the mercury present in sewage sludge or composts, its potential bioavailability depend on its physicochemical forms. Different forms of mercury, which are found in soil and sediments and sewage sludge, may be determined using various techniques sequential extraction. In order to assess the bioavailability the analysis of fractional of mercury in samples of sewage sludge and composts was made. For this purpose the analytical procedure based on a four sequential extraction process was applied. Mercury fractions were classified as exchangeable (EX), base soluble (BS), acids soluble (AS) and oxidizable (OX). This article presents the research results on the mercury compounds contents in sewage sludge subjected to drying process, combustion and in composted sewage sludge. During drying and combustion process of the sewage sludge, mercury transforms into volatile forms that could be emitted into the atmosphere. The mercury fractionation in composted sewage sludge proved that mercury in compost occurs mainly in an organic fraction and in a residual fraction that are scarce in the environment