1,017 research outputs found
The FHD/ppsilon Epoch of Reionization Power Spectrum Pipeline
Epoch of Reionization data analysis requires unprecedented levels of accuracy
in radio interferometer pipelines. We have developed an imaging power spectrum
analysis to meet these requirements and generate robust 21 cm EoR measurements.
In this work, we build a signal path framework to mathematically describe each
step in the analysis, from data reduction in the FHD package to power spectrum
generation in the ppsilon package. In particular, we focus on the
distinguishing characteristics of FHD/ppsilon: highly accurate
spectral calibration, extensive data verification products, and end-to-end
error propagation. We present our key data analysis products in detail to
facilitate understanding of the prominent systematics in image-based power
spectrum analyses. As a verification to our analysis, we also highlight a
full-pipeline analysis simulation to demonstrate signal preservation and lack
of signal loss. This careful treatment ensures that the
FHD/ppsilon power spectrum pipeline can reduce radio
interferometric data to produce credible 21 cm EoR measurements.Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures, accepted by PAS
Deep Learning for Vanishing Point Detection Using an Inverse Gnomonic Projection
We present a novel approach for vanishing point detection from uncalibrated
monocular images. In contrast to state-of-the-art, we make no a priori
assumptions about the observed scene. Our method is based on a convolutional
neural network (CNN) which does not use natural images, but a Gaussian sphere
representation arising from an inverse gnomonic projection of lines detected in
an image. This allows us to rely on synthetic data for training, eliminating
the need for labelled images. Our method achieves competitive performance on
three horizon estimation benchmark datasets. We further highlight some
additional use cases for which our vanishing point detection algorithm can be
used.Comment: Accepted for publication at German Conference on Pattern Recognition
(GCPR) 2017. This research was supported by German Research Foundation DFG
within Priority Research Programme 1894 "Volunteered Geographic Information:
Interpretation, Visualisation and Social Computing
A Spectroscopic Study of Field and Runaway OB Stars
Identifying binaries among runaway O- and B-type stars offers valuable
insight into the evolution of open clusters and close binary stars. Here we
present a spectroscopic investigation of 12 known or suspected binaries among
field and runaway OB stars. We find new orbital solutions for five single-lined
spectroscopic binaries (HD 1976, HD 14633, HD 15137, HD 37737, and HD 52533),
and we classify two stars thought to be binaries (HD 30614 and HD 188001) as
single stars. In addition, we reinvestigate their runaway status using our new
radial velocity data with the UCAC2 proper motion catalogs. Seven stars in our
study appear to have been ejected from their birthplaces, and at least three of
these runaways are spectroscopic binaries and are of great interest for future
study.Comment: 21 pages, 1 figure, 7 tables; Accepted to Ap
Wind-induced, cross-frontal exchange on Georges Bank : a mechanism for early summer on-bank biological particle transport
Author Posting. © American Geophysical Union, 2003. This article is posted here by permission of American Geophysical Union for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Journal of Geophysical Research 108, C11 (2003): 8011, doi:10.1029/2002JC001358.Water exchange across the tidal-mixing front on the southern flank of Georges Bank (GB) is examined using a two-dimensional (2D) primitive equation ocean model. The model domain features a cross-frontal transect including a June 1999 hydrographic (CTD)/ADCP study made as part of the U.S. GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank program. The model was initialized with temperature and salinity fields taken on the 15 June 1999 CTD section and run prognostically with tidal forcing, measured winds, and representative surface heat flux. The results show that fluctuations of wind plus tidal mixing can play the following essential role in the short-term transport of water and particles from the stratified region to the mixed region on GB in early summer, when stratification is just developing with a weak thermocline at a depth of about 10 m. First, a passing weather front drives a wind-induced on-bank Ekman transport of the upper part of the water column at the tidal-mixing front and associated particles in the surface mixed layer. Then, when the wind relaxes or changes direction, the water in the on-bank extension of the front (above the thermocline) mixes quickly through enhanced tidal motion in shallower depths of water. As a result, particles that are advected along the extended front stay in the previously well-mixed region of the bank. Surface heating tends to increase the strength of the thermocline and reduce the thickness of the surface mixed layer. This in turn accelerates the on-bank movement of the front under an easterly wind favorable for Ekman transport and thus enhances the on-bank, cross-frontal transport of particles. Since the wind-induced, cross-frontal on-bank transport of water can occur episodically during passages of meteorological fronts, these could produce a larger net cross-frontal flux than that produced by just tidal forcing on equivalent timescales. Therefore wind-induced processes can be important in the on-bank cross-frontal flux of copepods and other zooplankton species that exhibit shallow maxima in their vertical distributions over the southern flank of GB in early summer.This research was supported by the U.S.
GLOBEC Northwest Atlantic/Georges Bank program through NOAA
grants NA56RG0487, NA960P003, and NA960P005 to C. Chen, NOAA
support to R. Schlitz, G. R. Lough, K. Smith, and J. Manning, and NSF
grants OCE 96-32357, OCE 98-06379, and OCE 02-27679 to R. Beardsley
Zinc for the prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections in adults : a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Objective To evaluate the benefits and risks of zinc formulations compared with controls for prevention or treatment of acute viral respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in adults. Method Seventeen English and Chinese databases were searched in April/May 2020 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs), and from April/May 2020 to August 2020 for SARS-CoV-2 RCTs. Cochrane rapid review methods were applied. Quality appraisals used the Risk of Bias 2.0 and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Results Twenty-eight RCTs with 5446 participants were identified. None were specific to SARS-CoV-2. Compared with placebo, oral or intranasal zinc prevented 5 RTIs per 100 person-months (95% CI 1 to 8, numbers needed to treat (NNT)=20, moderate-certainty/quality). Sublingual zinc did not prevent clinical colds following human rhinovirus inoculations (relative risk, RR 0.96, 95% CI 0.77 to 1.21, moderate-certainty/quality). On average, symptoms resolved 2 days earlier with sublingual or intranasal zinc compared with placebo (95% CI 0.61 to 3.50, very low-certainty/quality) and 19 more adults per 100 were likely to remain symptomatic on day 7 without zinc (95% CI 2 to 38, NNT=5, low-certainty/quality). There were clinically significant reductions in day 3 symptom severity scores (mean difference, MD-1.20 points, 95% CI-0.66 to-1.74, low-certainty/quality), but not average daily symptom severity scores (standardised MD-0.15, 95% CI-0.43 to 0.13, low-certainty/quality). Non-serious adverse events (AEs) (eg, nausea, mouth/nasal irritation) were higher (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.69, NNHarm=7, moderate-certainty/quality). Compared with active controls, there were no differences in illness duration or AEs (low-certainty/quality). No serious AEs were reported in the 25 RCTs that monitored them (low-certainty/quality). Conclusions In adult populations unlikely to be zinc deficient, there was some evidence suggesting zinc might prevent RTIs symptoms and shorten duration. Non-serious AEs may limit tolerability for some. The comparative efficacy/effectiveness of different zinc formulations and doses were unclear. The GRADE-certainty/quality of the evidence was limited by a high risk of bias, small sample sizes and/or heterogeneity. Further research, including SARS-CoV-2 clinical trials is warranted
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The impact of mental health recovery narratives on recipients experiencing mental health problems: Qualitative analysis and change model.
BACKGROUND: Mental health recovery narratives are stories of recovery from mental health problems. Narratives may impact in helpful and harmful ways on those who receive them. The objective of this paper is to develop a change model identifying the range of possible impacts and how they occur. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with adults with experience of mental health problems and recovery (n = 77). Participants were asked to share a mental health recovery narrative and to describe the impact of other people's recovery narratives on their own recovery. A change model was generated through iterative thematic analysis of transcripts. RESULTS: Change is initiated when a recipient develops a connection to a narrator or to the events descripted in their narrative. Change is mediated by the recipient recognising experiences shared with the narrator, noticing the achievements or difficulties of the narrator, learning how recovery happens, or experiencing emotional release. Helpful outcomes of receiving recovery narratives are connectedness, validation, hope, empowerment, appreciation, reference shift and stigma reduction. Harmful outcomes are a sense of inadequacy, disconnection, pessimism and burden. Impact is positively moderated by the perceived authenticity of the narrative, and can be reduced if the recipient is experiencing a crisis. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions that incorporate the use of recovery narratives, such as peer support, anti-stigma campaigns and bibliotherapy, can use the change model to maximise benefit and minimise harms from narratives. Interventions should incorporate a diverse range of narratives available through different mediums to enable a range of recipients to connect with and benefit from this material. Service providers using recovery narratives should preserve authenticity so as to maximise impact, for example by avoiding excessive editing
The EoR Sensitivity of the Murchison Widefield Array
Using the final 128 antenna locations of the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA),
we calculate its sensitivity to the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) power spectrum
of red- shifted 21 cm emission for a fiducial model and provide the tools to
calculate the sensitivity for any model. Our calculation takes into account
synthesis rotation, chro- matic and asymmetrical baseline effects, and excludes
modes that will be contaminated by foreground subtraction. For the fiducial
model, the MWA will be capable of a 14{\sigma} detection of the EoR signal with
one full season of observation on two fields (900 and 700 hours).Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 1 table, Accepted for publication in MNRAS
Letters. Supplementary material will be available in the published version,
or by contacting the author
Imaging current-induced switching of antiferromagnetic domains in CuMnAs
The magnetic order in antiferromagnetic materials is hard to control with external magnetic fields. Using X-ray Magnetic Linear Dichroism microscopy, we show that staggered effective fields generated by electrical current can induce modification of the antiferromagnetic domain structure in microdevices fabricated from a tetragonal CuMnAs thin film. A clear correlation between the average domain orientation and the anisotropy of the electrical resistance is demonstrated, with both showing reproducible switching in response to orthogonally applied current pulses. However, the behavior is inhomogeneous at the submicron level, highlighting the complex nature of the switching process in multi-domain antiferromagnetic films
Multilevel information storage using magnetoelastic layer stacks
The use of voltages to control magnetisation via the inverse magnetostriction effect in piezoelectric/ferromagnet heterostructures holds promise for ultra-low energy information storage technologies. Epitaxial galfenol, an alloy of iron and gallium, has been shown to be a highly suitable material for such devices because it possesses biaxial anisotropy and large magnetostriction. Here we experimentally investigate the properties of galfenol/spacer/galfenol structures in which the compositions of the galfenol layers are varied in order to produce different strengths of the magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction constants. Based upon these layers, we propose and simulate the operation of an information storage device that can operate as an energy efficient multilevel memory cell
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