The effects of salt stress on the growth, biochemical parameter and mineral element content of some maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars

Six cultivars of maize (Zea mays L.) (Ada-523, Bora, C-955, PR 3394, Progen-1550 and Trebbia) were  subjected to 0 and 100 mM NaCl and their response to salt stress were determined by growths related to  relative shoot growth weight (RSGR), shoot and root dry weight and stress tolerance index by biochemical  parameters associated with total chlorophyll and proline contents and by mineral element contents such as Na+ and K+ contents and K+\Na+ ratio. Cultivars were grown in greenhouse in perlit supplied with a complete nutrient solution and salt treatment started 14 days after planting. The results indicate that salinity decreased RSGR, shoot and dry weight, stress tolerance index, total chlorophyll and K+ contents and K+\Na+ ratio, but increased proline and Na+ accumulations. Especially, proline accumulation appears to react to salt stress  damage rather than a plant response associated with salt tolerance. Another striking point is that the rates of increase in Na+ content were higher in shoots than in roots. According to the results, salt tolerance index,  Na+ and K+ contents are reliable criteria for preliminary selection in early growth stage of maize.Key words: Maize, salt stress, relative shoot growth rate, total chlorophyll, proline, Na+

Effect of Alternative Row Spacing and Plant Densities on Fresh Ear Yield and Quality of Second Crop Super Sweet Corn Production

This study was conducted to increase the yield and quality of super sweet corn cultivation%253B for Vega Super Sweet Corn Variety at two different row spacing (25-45 cm, 70cm) and four different plant densities (15 cm, 20 cm, 25cm, 30 cm) during 2017 and 2018 in Bursa conditions. The research was done according to split plots of randomized blocks design with three replicates. The factors are row spacings and plant densities. Plant height, ear length, ear diameter, ear row number, number of ears per plant, fresh ear yield, and marketable ear percentage were investigated in this study. In the trial ear length, ear diameter, seed number in the ear, numbers of ears per plant, and fresh ear yield are founded to important in terms of statistics for row spacing, the other specialties were founded unimportant. For plant density%253B plant height, ear diameter, number of ears per plant, fresh ear yield, and marketable ear percentage are founded important in terms of statistics, and the other traits are unimportant. Ear diameter, seed number in the ear, number of ears per plant, and fresh ear yield were founded important in terms of statistics for row spacing and also plant density. According to research results of super sweet corn production for the second crop, the most suitable plant density is 20 cm for a 70 cm row spacing modal, and the most suitable plant spacing is 25 cm plant density for a 25- 45 cm row spacing modal in Karacabey conditions

Re-evaluation of the symptoms of Hirayama disease through anatomical perspective

Hirayama disease is a rare disease of the anterior horn motor neuron caused by compression of the cervical spinal cord when the neck is flexed. Cervical myelopathy may accompany the disease. It is characterized by symmetrical or asymmetrical muscle weakness and atrophy of muscles innervated by lower cervical and upper thoracic motor neurons. We recorded two male cases of Hirayama disease between the ages of 15 and 21 based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features obtained from the cervical neutral state and from the flexion position which appeared in the right upper extremity. Loss of strength and atrophy in the right upper extremities was existent in clinical findings of these patients. When MRI was taken in the flexion position, there were dilated veins as hypointense signal void on T2 weighted series in posterior epidural area. The contrast enhancement was seen on these veins. It was observed that the posterior dura was displaced anteriorly and the anterior subarachnoid space was narrow. In cases which show clinical findings such as atrophy and loss of strength, having normal MRI results obtained in the neutral position makes it difficult to diagnose Hirayama Disease. In case of a suspicion of Hirayama disease the diagnosis can be made more easily by MRI taken in the flexion position. These case reports aim to bring Hirayama disease to mind and optimize the management of affected individuals

Cadaveric investigation of the spread of the thoracoabdominal nerve block using the perichondral and modified perichondral approaches

Interfascial plane blocks and associated nomenclature are currently popular topics in the field of anesthesia. While several novel plane blocks have been described, cadaveric studies on the spread of novel blocks are important for determining appropriate applications [1]. Recently, Tulgar et al. [2] defined the thoracoabdominal nerve block using a perichondral approach (TAPA). They reported that local anesthetic (LA) administered on the upper and lower aspect of the 9th through the 10th costal cartilages would block both the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches, thus providing abdominal analgesia. After describing the TAPA, the authors also redefined the approach, naming it the modified TAPA (M-TAPA). They reported that administering LA only to the lower surface of the costal cartilage would provide successful analgesia similar to that provided by the TAPA [3]. In the literature, there are some case reports and observational studies on the TAPA and M-TAPA [2,3]; however, to the best of our knowledge, no reliable cadaveric investigation has demonstrated the spread of these blocks. Therefore, in this cadaveric investigation, we aimed to evaluate the areas of spread associated with the TAPA and M-TAPA. This study was approved by the Istanbul Medipol University Ethics and Research Committee (Decision No. 36, 06.01.2022)

An investigation on the effects of aeration and application of organic and commercial fertilizer on the hay yield, hay quality and botanical composition of a seconder pasture under the ecological conditions of Bursa

Bu araştırma, uygulanan havalandırma ile ticari ve organik gübrelerin ot verimi, otun kalitesi ve botanik kompozisyonuna etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla Uludağ Üniversitesi Görükle Kampüsü sekonder mera vejetasyonunda 2002–2004 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Araştırma şerit parseller deneme desenine göre iki faktörlü dört tekrarlamalı olarak kurulmuştur. Doğal vejetasyon yüksekliği, yeşil ot verimi, kuru ot verimi, bitki ile kaplı alan, botanik kompozisyon, ham protein içeriği, ham protein verimi, ham kül içeriği, ham selüloz içeriği ve ham yağ içeriği gibi özellikler incelenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Güney Marmara Bölgesi’nde sekonder merada bitki örtüsünün güçlendirilmesi ve verimliliğinin devamlılığı için organik ve ticari gübrelerin uygulanması önerilebilir. Ancak ticari gübrelerin ot verimi artışında organik gübrelere göre daha etkili olduğu için, bu gübrelere öncelik verilmesi düşünülebilir. Kesin önerilerde bulunabilmek için farklı lokasyonlarda ve daha uzun süreli araştırmalarla bu çalışma desteklenmelidir. Ayrıca, araştırmanın ana konularından olan havalandırma uygulamalarında kullanılan gerek yaylı kültüvatör gerekse dişli tırmık meraların ıslahı üzerinde etkili olmamıştır. Ancak, yaylı kültüvatörün uygulandığı y ıl olumsuz etkisi olmasına rağmen, ikinci yıl olumsuz etkisinin ortadan kalktığı görülmüştür. Yaylı kültüvatörle havalandırmanın çok kısa sürede olumsuz etkisini kaybetmesi bu uygulamanın ileriki yıllarda vejetasyonun iyileşmesi üzerinde olumlu etki yaratabileceğini göstermektedir.This research was carried out in order to investigate the effects of aeration and organic and commercial fertilizer on the hay yield, hay quality and botanical composition of seconder pasture at Görükle Campus, Uludağ University in 2002-2004. The experiments were established in strip plot design with four replications. Natural vegetation height, forage yield, dry matter yield, cover percentage, botanic composition, crude protein content, crude protein yield, crude cellulose content, crude ash content and crude oil content were determined in this experiment. According to results, both commercial fertilizers and organic fertilizers can be recommended to obtain high hay yield and hay quality from a seconder pasture encountered in Southern Marmara Region or similar regions. However, the commercial fertilizers may be thought to be given priority because of their high effectiveness on hay yield increase of pasture. In order to give definite decision, it requires experiments which were conducted in different locations with long periods. Aeration of pasture with different methods such as springed cultivator and tined harrow was not effective on hay yield and hay quality. In first year of experiment, both of the aeration methods had negative effect on pasture, but in the second year the negative effect of springed cultivator began to lose and produced the same amount of hay as control plots did. This result indicates that this improvement method of pasture may increase yield and quality of pasture after the second year of the application

Research on mixture rates and effects of nitrogen fertilizer on weed yield and weed quality in oat (avena sativa l.) And common vetch (vicia sativa l.) Mixed cultivation

Bu araştırma, Bursa kıraç koşullarında yulaf (Avena sativa L.) + adi fiğ (Vicia sativa L.) karışımlarında karışım oranlan ve azotlu gübre seviyelerinin ot verimi ve kalitesine etkilerini saptamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırma 1995 ve 1996 yıllarında tesadüf bloklarında faktöriyel düzende birinci yıl üç tekrarlamalı, ikinci yıl dört tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Genel olarak ikinci deneme yılında yaş ot, kuru ot verimleri ilk yıl verimlerinden daha fazla olmuştur. Karışım oranlan, yaş ve kuru ot verimlerine, botanik kompozisyondaki fiğ oranına, ham protein oranı ve verimine istatistiki anlamda önemli etki yapmıştır. En yüksek yaş ve kuru ot verimi %100Y ile %75Y+%25F karışımından alınmıştır. Karışımlar içerisindeki fiğ oram arttıkça yaş ve kuru ot verimi azalmıştır. Ekimdeki fiğ oram arttıkça botanik kompozisyondaki fiğ oram ve ham protein oram artarken, ham protein verimi azalmıştır. En yüksek ham protein verimi (121.8 kg/da) %50Y+%50F karışımından alınmış, bu kanşımı %75Y+%25F ve %25Y+%75F karışımları izlemiştir. Karışımlarda yulaf oranı arttıkça, hem yulaf bitki boyunda hem de fiğ bitki boyunda artışlar olmuştur. Denemede uygulanan azotlu gübre dozları ilk araştırma yılında yaş ot ve kuru ot verimlerine önemli ölçüde etki yapmıştır. En yüksek yaş ve kuru ot verimi 12 ve 18 kg/da azot seviyelerinde alınmıştır. İkinci yılda gübre uygulamalarının ot verimi üzerine etkisi görülmemiştir. Yine ikinci yılda tespit edilen ham protein oram ve ham protein verimleri de azotlu gübrelerden etkilenmemiştir. Ancak rakamsal olarak azotsuz koşullarda üretilen otun ham protein oram (%10.2) azotlu koşullara göre biraz yüksek olmuştur. İki yıllık araştırma sonuçlarına bakarak, Bursa veya benzeri ekolojik koşullarda adi fîğ+yulaf karma ekimlerinde, eğer birim alandan fazla miktarda ot alınması isteniyorsa, %75Y+%25F karışımı, eğer birim alandan fazla miktarda ham protein alınması arzu ediliyorsa, %50Y+%50F karışımı önerilebilir. Yine aynı ekolojik şartlarda ve önerilen fiğ+yulaf karışımlarında gübre olarak dekara 12 veya 18 kg N uygulanması önerilebilir.This research was designed to determine the effects of seed rates in mixtures of oat (Avena sativa L.) and vetch (Vicia sativa L.) and the levels of nitrogen fertilizer on the hay yield and its quality, under dry conditions of Bursa. Treatments of the experiment were factorially designed in randomized bloks with three replication in 1995 and with four replications in 1996. In general average, green herbage and dry matter yields in second experiment year were higher than those of the first experiment year. Green herbage, dry matter yield, vetch percent in botanical composition, crude protein content and yield were affected by the seed rates in the mixtures. The highest green herbage and dry matter yields were obtained from mixture of % 100 oat and %75 oat+%25 vetch. As the seed rate of vetch in mixture increased, green herbage and dry matter yield, and crude protein yield decreased. However, the vetch percent of botanical composition and the crude protein content increased by the increasing rates of vetch in the mixture. The highest crude protein yield (121.8 kg/da) was obtained from mixture of %50 oat+%50 vetch, being followed by %75 oat+%25 vetch and %25 oat+%75 vetch mixtures. As the seed rate of oat in mixture increased, both oat plant and vetch plant heights increased. Green herbage and dry matter yields were affected by nitrogen fertilizers applied in first experiment year. The highest green herbage and dry matter yield were obtained at 12 and 18 kg/da nitrogen fertilizer levels. On the other hand, the effects of nitrogen fertilizer in second year were found insignificant on the green herbage and dry matter yields. However, in the second year, the crude protein content (%10.2) of the herbage produced in the check plots (or without nitrogen) was found a little bit numerically higher than those of the nitrogen-applied plots. According to the two year experimental results, if it is desired to obtain higher hay from a unit area, then it is suggested that the mixture of %75 oat+%25 vetch could be grown under the condition of Bursa or the similar conditions. If it is desired to obtain higher protein yield per dekare, then the mixture of %50 oat+%50 vetch may be suggested to be grown for the same conditions. As to the nitrogen fertilization 12 and 18 kg/da amounts of nitrogen can be applied to the mixtures of oat+vetch proposed above under the same conditions

UASB reaktörde anammox prosesi ile nutrient giderimi

Anaerobik amonyak oksidasyonu (Anammox) atıksulardan yüksek konsantrasyonlu azotun_x000B_gideriminde yeni bir yöntemdir. Bu çalısmada, altı farklı hidrolik alıkonma süresinde (HRT)_x000B_'de ve anaerobik amonyak giderim verimleri ve giderim kinetiği incelenmistir. KO?_x000B_konsantrasyonu 300 ve 1000 mg/l arasına, hidrolik alıkonma süresi 4,4 günden 0,73 güne_x000B_azalan, debisi 0,5 l/günden 3 L/güne artacak sekilde ayarlandı._x000B_UASB reaktörde farklı amonyum, nitrit, nitrat ve KO? konsantrasyonlarındaki sentetik_x000B_atıksuyun amonyum, nitrit, nitrat ve KO?, giderim verimleri arastırıldı toplam azot gazı,_x000B_hidrojen sülfür gazı, metan gazı üretimi ve metan yüzdesi oranları hesaplandı. Maksimum_x000B_amonyum giderim verimi, KO? konsantrasyonu 600 mg /L, nitrit konsantrasyonu 131 mg/ L,_x000B_nitrat konsantrasyonu 0,1 mg/L iken % 55 olarak bulunmustur. Hidrolik bekleme süreleri bu_x000B_esnada 4.4 gündür. Giris atık suyu için COD/NH4-N/NO3-N/NO2-N oranları 20/2/2.6/1 ve_x000B_15/1.25/1/2.5 arasında iken Maksimum nitrit-azotu giderimi %100 dür . Hidrolik bekleme_x000B_süreleri bu esnada 2.2 gün ,1.1 gün ve 0.73 gündür. Maksimum KOI giderimi % 90 olarak_x000B_bulunmustur. Bu esnada giris amonyum, nitrit, nitrat ve KO?, oranları 6:1:1.3, hidrolik_x000B_bekleme süresi 4.4 gündür. Sürekli çalısmalarda, maksimum azot gazı üretimi 130,4 l/gün,_x000B_olarak bulunmustur, bu durum bize UASB reaktörde anaerobik kosullarda amonyak_x000B_gideriminin olustuğunu (anammox) göstermistir. UASB rektörde yapılan kinetik çalısmalar_x000B_amonyak azotu ve KOI' nin Stevor Kin-Cannon and Grau Second order Kinetic modellerine_x000B_göre giderildiğini göstermistir. UASB reaktörde anammox prosesi için uygun bulunmustur. Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (ANAMMOX) is a novel process in which is a new_x000B_powerful tool especially for remove the strong nitrogenous wastewaters. In this study, the_x000B_anaerobic ammonia removal efficiencies was investigated in an UASB RECTOR and_x000B_ammonia and COD removal kinetics was researched at six different hydraulic retention times_x000B_(HRT). The COD concentrations were adjusted between 300 and 1000 mg/L and HRTs were_x000B_decreased from 4,4 to 0,73 days by adjusting the up-flow rates from 0,5 to 3 l/d. Thought_x000B_continuous operation of anammox -UASB reactor using synthetic wastewater for 294 days._x000B_Ammonium, nitrit, nitrat and chemical oxygen demand (COD), removal efficiencies, total,_x000B_nitrogen gas, hydrogen sulfide gas, metan gas productions and methane percentage ratios_x000B_were investigated in UASB reactor at different Ammonium, nitrit, nitrat and chemical oxygen_x000B_demand (COD) concentration, and decreasing HRTs. The maximum ammonium removal_x000B_efficiency was found as 55 % when the influent nitrit, nitrat and chemical oxygen demand_x000B_(COD)concentrations were 600 mg/l 131 mg/L, 0,1 mg/L, respectively in run 1 at a HRT of_x000B_4,4 days. The maximum nitrit removal efficiency was 100 % when the influent COD/NH4-_x000B_N/NO3-N/NO2-N ratios were between 20/2/2.6/1 and 15/1.25/1/2.5 in runs 3,4 and 5 at_x000B_HRTs of 2, 1,1 and 0,73 days. The maximum COD removal efficiency was obtained as %90_x000B_when the COD/NH4-N/NO3-N ratios were 6:1:1,3 in runs 1 and 2 at a HRT of 4.4 days._x000B_The maximum nitrogen gas production was found as 130,4 l/day, in continuous operation of_x000B_the UASB reactor indicating the anaerobic ammonia removal process (anammox process)_x000B_occurred. The kinetic studies performed in the UASB reactor showed that Stover Kin-cannon_x000B_and Grau kinetic models were meaningful for ammonia and COD removal in the UASB_x000B_rector

Mobil cihaz kullanıcıları için bağlam farkındalıklı uygulama öneri sistemi.

Development of smartphones and applications has opened a whole new world for mobile device users. Although this new world has many benefits due to a large diversity, regarding specific application domains, it is getting more complex day by day. In this study, a context-aware application recommendation system that recognizes the situation of users, predicts, and recommends the interactions that are likely to happen by the users in their specific context is developed. The proposed system is based on a hybridization of the Case-Based Reasoning and a Rule Based Reasoning approach that is derived from traditional association rule mining algorithms. Evaluation of the proposed model is done by using a real life dataset collected from individual records of four subjects. These four people were kept track for varying durations from approximately eight months to fourteen months. Results are encouraging when compared to that of previous studies in this domain. Therefore combining these two approaches provides an effective solution to the domain of recommendation systems. To the best of our knowledge, this kind of a hybrid approach has not been utilized in this domain.M.S. - Master of Scienc