Comparison of oxidation stability of virgin olive oils from different locations of Turkey

Ten kinds of virgin olive oil of two major cultivars (Ayvalık and Memecik) produced in several areas of Turkey (Bayındır, Edremit, Ortaklar, Burhaniye, Ezine, Tire, Havran, Ayvalık, Altınoluk, and Küçükkuyu) were analysed. The quality characteristics, fatty acid composition, total phenol, ando-diphenol content of the samples were determined. Oxidative stability and free radical scavenging activity were determined using Rancimat test, Schaal oven test, and DPPH method. It was found that while Memecik oil from Ortaklar demonstrated the strongest oxidative stability, Ayvalık oil from Ezine had the lowest oxidative stability among the samples. Fatty acid composition and especially oleic acid/linoleic acid ratio was previously defined as a parameter that can help distinguish cultivars from one another; however, this study proved that total phenol, especially o-diphenol content of the oil, has the strongest effect on oxidative stability compared to other factors including fatty acid composition

Investigation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in The Gulf of Izmit (Marmara Sea) Altinova Shipyard Region

In this study, heavy metal concentrations (Ca, Mg, Hg, As, Sb, Ag, Al, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn, Ti, Th, U, Mo, Cd) amounts were measured by examining marine sediment samples obtained from the coasts of the Izmit Bay Altınova shipyards region. The natural and anthropogenic pollution levels of the region were revealed by the analysis of sediment samples. The extent to which the marine ecosystem may have been affected by the shipyard activities that have been actively carried out in the region for the last ten years was also investigated. Heavy metal analyses of sediment samples were carried out by the XRF method. In addition, the morphological and surface features of the sediment grains were obtained by SEM analysis, and the element contents of seawater samples obtained from the region were determined with an ICP-OES device. The heavy metal pollution level of the region was revealed by evaluation of the data obtained as a result of the analysis. The results of the XRF analysis showed that the heavy metals, which are toxic for humans, such as cadmium (max 17.984 ppm), lead (max 31.302 ppm), nickel (max 71.725 ppm) and arsenic (max 13.852 ppm) were detected. According to the results of elemental analysis with ICP-OES, Hg, As, Sb, Ag, Al, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, V, Ti, U, Mo, and Cd were below the measurable limit. © 2022, Turkish Chemical Society. All rights reserved

Efficient design and evaluation of countermeasures against fault attacks using formal verification

This paper presents a formal verification framework and tool that evaluates the robustness of software countermeasures against fault-injection attacks. By modeling reference assembly code and its protected variant as automata, the framework can generate a set of equations for an SMT solver, the solutions of which represent possible attack paths. Using the tool we developed, we evaluated the robustness of state-of-the-art countermeasures against fault injection attacks. Based on insights gathered from this evaluation, we analyze any remaining weaknesses and propose applications of these countermeasures that are more robust

Growth and characterization of nanocrystalline SrTiOx films: Room temperature deposition using RF sputtering system in a pure argon environment

We report a comprehensive description of the structure, optical and electrical properties of asdeposited and annealed SrTiOx (STO) thin films. Nanocrystalline STO films were deposited on p-type Si (1 0 0) and UV-grade fused silica substrates by RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature in a pure argon environment. Well adhered and transparent films with very smooth surfaces were obtained. As-deposited films showed 70% transparency in the visible spectrum, transparency increased to 77% after annealing at 700 °C. The direct and indirect optical band gaps were found to be 2.88 eV and 2.44 eV, for as-deposited films. For annealed films, indirect band gap increased to 2.57 eV while the direct optical band gap value remained constant. Upon annealing, the refractive indices (n) of the films decreased from 2.36 to 2.32. Ag/STO/p-Si device structures were also fabricated and characterized by current-voltage, capacitance-voltage and dielectric measurements. The calculated values are compared with experimental data from the literature and discussed in terms of device performances. A butterfly loop-type hysteresis curve was observed for the voltage-dependent capacitance measurement in annealed thin film devices. Dielectric constants were calculated as 31.7 and 57.4 for as-deposited and annealed films at 100 kHz, respectively. Charge storage capacity was found to be >4.5 μC cm-2 for as-deposited and 3.5 μC cm-2 for annealed films. © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd

Correlation between the visibility of submandibular fossa and mandibular canal cortication on panoramic radiographs and submandibular fossa depth on CBCT

To identify a correlation between the submandibular fossa (SF) visibility and mandibular canal (MC) cortication on panoramic image and the depth of SF measured on CBCT and also correlation between the depth of SF and vertical and horizontal location of MC on CBCT. 500 CBCT scans and panoramic radiographs were evaluated. SF depth types were classified as type I ( 3mm) on CBCT. Visibility of SF and the cortication of MC on panoramic radiographs were compared with the depth of SF on CBCT. Distances between MC and mandibular inferior, buccal and lingual cortices were measured. No statistically significant correlation was found between radiolucent appearances of SF, cortication of MC, and depth of SF. The deepest part of the fossa was in the second molar area followed by third and first molars. Negative weak correlations were found between B-MC, L-MC distances and depth of SF. Visibility of SF and cortication of MC on panoramic radiographs did not correlate with the depth of SF. A marked radiolucent submandibular fossa on panoramic image does not undoubtedly indicate a deep fossa, which emphasizes the importance of 3-D imaging in implant planning

Anatomical characteristics of the lingual foramen in ancient skulls: a cone beam computed tomography study in an Anatolian population

Background: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anatomical features of lingual foramina and their bony canals in Anatolian ancient mandibles (9–10th century) by using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods: Fifty-eight ancient dry mandibles were scanned with CBCT. Lingual foramina were grouped into midline, paramedian, posterior foramina and combination of these groups. Midline group was also classified according to internal surface of the mandible (gonial tubercles [GTs]). The incidence, vertical distance and diameter of lingual foramina were measured according to age groups and gender. Results: The incidence of the lingual foramen was 96.6%. Midline of the symphysis had the highest incidence (34.4%) of foramina (p < 0.05), followed by both midline and paramedian type (32.8%; p < 0.05). Classification in terms of GT represented class 3 as the most encountered group (28.6%). Number of foramina observed in the mandibles ranged from 0 to 6 with the incidence of 3.4% and 32.8%, respectively. The male and < 35 years groups presented larger measurement values in midline region (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Mandibular lingual foramina and bony canals are frequently present in ancient mandibles. When compared with modern subjects, similar findings are observed according to published literatures. CBCT is also proved to be an effective imaging modality in the detection of lingual foramina and canals in anthropological studies

Structural, optical and electrical characteristics BaSrTiOx thin films: Effect of deposition pressure and annealing

Among perovskite oxide materials, BaSrTiOx (BST) has attracted great attention due to its potential applications in oxide-based electronics. However, reliability and efficiency of BST thin films strongly depend on the precise knowledge of the film microstructure, as well as optical and electrical properties. In the present work, BST films were deposited at room temperature using radio frequency magnetron sputtering technique. The impact of deposition pressure, partial oxygen flow, and post-deposition annealing treatment on film microstructure, surface morphology, refractive index, and dielectric constants were studied by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, spectrophotometry, ellipsometry, photoluminescence, as well as capacitance-voltage measurements. Well-adhered and uniform amorphous films were obtained at room temperature. For all as-deposited films, the average optical transmission was ~ 85% in the VIS-NIR spectrum. The refractive indices of BST films were in the range of 1.90–2.07 (λ = 550 nm). Post-deposition annealing at 800 °C for 1 h resulted in polycrystalline thin films with increased refractive indices and dielectric constants, however reduced optical transmission values. Frequency dependent dielectric constants were found to be in the range of 46–72. However, the observed leakage current was relatively small, about 1 μA. The highest FOM values were obtained for films deposited at 0.67 Pa pressures, while charge storage capacity values increased with increased deposition pressure. Results show that room-temperature grown BST films have potential for device applications. © 2017 Elsevier B.V

Postdeposition annealing on RF-sputtered SrTiO3 thin films

Understanding of structural, optical, and electrical properties of thin films are very important for a reliable device performance. In the present work, the effect of postdeposition annealing on stoichiometric SrTiO3 (STO) thin films grown by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at room temperature on p-type Si (100) and quartz substrates were studied. Highly transparent and well adhered thin films were obtained in visible and near infrared regions. As-deposited films were amorphous, while nanocrystalline and polycrystalline phases of the STO thin films formed as a function of annealing temperature. Films annealed at 300 �C showed nanocrystallinity with some amorphous phase. Crystallization started after 15 min annealing at 700 �C, and further improved for films annealed at 800 �C. However, crystallinity reduced for films which were annealed at 900 �C. The optical and electrical properties of STO thin films affected by postdeposition annealing at 800 �C: Eg values decreased from 4.50 to 4.18 eV, n(λ) values (at 550 nm) increased from 1.81 to 2.16. The surface roughness increased with the annealing temperature due to the increased crystallite size, densification and following void formation which can be seen from the scanning electron microscopy images. The highest dielectric constants (46 at 100 kHz) observed for films annealed at 800 �C; however, it was lower for 300 �C annealed (25 at 100 kHz) and as-deposited (7 at 100 kHz) STO films having ∼80 nm thickness. � 2017 American Vacuum Society

The Klein-Gordon equation with the Kratzer potential in d dimensions

We apply the Asymptotic Iteration Method to obtain the bound-state energy spectrum for the d-dimensional Klein-Gordon equation with scalar S(r) and vector potentials V(r). When S(r) and V(r) are both Coulombic, we obtain all the exact solutions; when the potentials are both of Kratzer type, we obtain all the exact solutions for S(r)=V(r); if S(r) > V(r) we obtain exact solutions under certain constraints on the potential parameters: in this case, a possible general solution is found in terms of a monic polynomial, whose coefficients form a set of elementary symmetric polynomials.Comment: 13 page

Any l-state improved quasi-exact analytical solutions of the spatially dependent mass Klein-Gordon equation for the scalar and vector Hulthen potentials

We present a new approximation scheme for the centrifugal term to obtain a quasi-exact analytical bound state solutions within the framework of the position-dependent effective mass radial Klein-Gordon equation with the scalar and vector Hulth\'{e}n potentials in any arbitrary $D$ dimension and orbital angular momentum quantum numbers $l.$ The Nikiforov-Uvarov (NU) method is used in the calculations. The relativistic real energy levels and corresponding eigenfunctions for the bound states with different screening parameters have been given in a closed form. It is found that the solutions in the case of constant mass and in the case of s-wave ($l=0$) are identical with the ones obtained in literature.Comment: 25 pages, 1 figur