Children's Perceptions of Parenting Behaviors

Family Relations and Child Developmen

Absorption of Immunoglobulins from Colostrum by Newborn Calves

Animal Scienc

Acute echocardiographic effects of sotalol on ventricular systolic function in dogs with ventricular arrhythmias.

BackgroundSotalol is a commonly used antiarrhythmic drug that may alter ventricular function.ObjectiveTo determine the effect of sotalol on echocardiographic indices of ventricular systolic function in dogs with ventricular arrhythmias.AnimalsThirty-five client-owned dogs with ventricular arrhythmias.MethodsDogs with ventricular arrhythmias (n = 27) had an echocardiogram and 5-minute ECG performed at baseline and 2-4 hours post-sotalol (2-2.5 mg/kg PO once). Eight additional dogs underwent the same protocol but did not receive sotalol (within-day variability controls). Left ventricular (LV) internal dimension at end-systole normalized to bodyweight (LVIDs_N), LV ejection fraction (LV EF), LV shortening area, LV fractional shortening, tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and right ventricular systolic myocardial velocity were evaluated as indices of systolic function.ResultsAll indices except TAPSE had mild decreases in systolic function post-sotalol (all P ≤ .0007) compared with baseline but only the percent change in LVIDs_N and LV EF were significantly (P ≤ .0079) different from the percent change of the same indices in control dogs. Sinus heart rate, ventricular premature complexes/5-minutes, and arrhythmia grade also were decreased post-sotalol (all P ≤ .01) compared with baseline when assessed by a 5-minutes ECG. No dog experienced an adverse event post-sotalol, including dogs with systolic dysfunction or atrial enlargement.Conclusions and clinical importanceA single dose of sotalol may cause a mild decrease in LV systolic function in dogs with ventricular arrhythmias. Sotalol appears to be well tolerated, even in dogs with atrial enlargement or systolic dysfunction

Mechanics of the tricuspid valve: from clinical diagnosis/treatment, in vivo and in vitro investigations, to patient-specific biomechanical modeling

Proper tricuspid valve (TV) function is essential to unidirectional blood flow through the right side of the heart. Alterations to the tricuspid valvular components, such as the TV annulus, may lead to functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR), where the valve is unable to prevent undesired backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium during systole. Various treatment options are currently available for FTR; however, research for the tricuspid heart valve, functional tricuspid regurgitation, and the relevant treatment methodologies are limited due to the pervasive expectation among cardiac surgeons and cardiologists that FTR will naturally regress after repair of left-sided heart valve lesions. Recent studies have focused on (i) understanding the function of the TV and the initiation or progression of FTR using both in-vivo and in-vitro methods, (ii) quantifying the biomechanical properties of the tricuspid valve apparatus as well as its surrounding heart tissue, and (iii) performing computational modeling of the TV to provide new insight into its biomechanical and physiological function. This review paper focuses on these advances and summarizes recent research relevant to the TV within the scope of FTR. Moreover, this review also provides future perspectives and extensions critical to enhancing the current understanding of the functioning and remodeling tricuspid valve in both the healthy and pathophysiological states

Biaxial mechanical data of porcine atrioventricular valve leaflets

This dataset contains the anisotropic tissue responses of porcine atrioventricular valve leaflets to force-controlled biaxial mechanical testing. The set includes the first Piola-Kirchhoff Stress and the specimen stretches (λ) in both circumferential and radial tissue directions (C and R, respectively) for the mitral valve anterior and posterior leaflets (MVAL and MVPL), and the tricuspid valve anterior, posterior, and septal leaflets (TVAL, TVPL, and TVSL) from six porcine hearts at five separate force-controlled biaxial loading protocols. This dataset is associated with a companion journal article, which can be consulted for further information about the methodology, results, and discussion of this biaxial mechanical testing (Jett et al., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.07.024)Support from the American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant (SDG) Award (16SDG27760143) is gratefully acknowledged. CHL was in part supported by the institutional start-up funds from the School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (AME) and the research funding through the Faculty Investment Program from the Research Council at the University of Oklahoma (OU). SJ, RK, and DL were supported by the Mentored Research Fellowship from the Office of Undergraduate Research at OU. KK was supported by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program from the Honors College at OU. Open Access charges for this publication provided by University of Oklahoma Libraries Open Access Fund.Ye

Regional biaxial mechanical data of the mitral and tricuspid valve anterior leaflets

The collective data associated with this article presents the biaxial mechanical behavior for six smaller, delimited regions of the mitral valve and tricuspid valve anterior leaflets. Each data set consists of five columns of data, specifically: (i) biaxial testing protocol ID, (ii) circumferential stretch, (iii) radial stretch, (iv) circumferential membrane tension, and (v) radial membrane tension. For further elaboration regarding methodologies or results of the biaxial mechanical characterization please refer to the companion article Laurence, 2019.Support from the American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant (SDG) Award (16SDG27760143) is gratefully acknowledged. CHL was in part supported by the institutional start-up funds from the School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (AME) and the research funding through the Faculty Investment Program from the Research Council at the University of Oklahoma (OU). DL, CR, and SJ were supported by the Mentored Research Fellowship from the Office of Undergraduate Research at OU. DL and CR were supported by the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program from the Honors College at OU. We also acknowledge undergraduate researchers Jacob Richardson and Ryan Bodlak for their assistance with the biaxial mechanical testing.Ye

Load-dependent collagen fiber architecture data of representative bovine tendon and mitral valve anterior leaflet tissues as quantified by an integrated opto-mechanical system

The data presented in this article provide load-dependent collagen fiber architecture (CFA) of one representative bovine tendon tissue sample and two representative porcine mitral valve anterior leaflet tissues, and they are stored in a MATLAB MAT-file format. Each dataset contains: (i) the number of pixel points, (ii) the array of pixel's x- and y-coordinates, (iii) the three acquired pixel intensity arrays, and (iv) the Delaunay triangulation for visualization purpose. This dataset is associated with a companion journal article, which can be consulted for further information about the methodology, results, and discussion of the opto-mechanical characterization of the tissue's CFA's (Jett et al. [1]).Supports from the American Heart Association Scientist Development Grant (SDG) Award (16SDG27760143), the Presbyterian Health Foundation Team Science Grants (C5122401), and the Oklahoma Center for the Advancement of Science and Technology (OCAST) Health Research program (HR-18-002) are gratefully acknowledged. CHL was in part supported by the institutional start-up funds from the School of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering (AME) and the institutional research funding through the Faculty Investment Program from the Research Council and IBEST-OUHSC Interdisciplinary Funding at the University of Oklahoma. Open Access fees paid for in whole or in part by the University of Oklahoma Libraries.Ye

Prospective evaluation of echocardiographic parameters and cardiac biomarkers in healthy dogs eating four custom-formulated diets

IntroductionDiet-associated dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) has been suspected in breeds that have not been previously noted to have a predisposition to the DCM phenotype. This study hypothesized that over 210 days, dogs fed diets with varying amounts of animal-sourced protein and carbohydrate sources would not be negatively impacted in terms of their cardiac parameters and function.MethodsThirty-two purebred beagles and 33 mixed-breed hounds were randomized into four diet groups and studied for 210 days. The diet groups were as follows: the high-animal-protein grain-free (HAGF) group, the low-animal-protein grain-free (LAGF) group, the high-animal-protein grain-inclusive (HAGI), and the low-animal-protein grain-inclusive (LAGI) group. Cardiac-specific biomarkers, endomyocardial biopsies, and linear and volumetric echocardiographic parameters were evaluated.ResultsThere was a treatment-by-day-by-breed effect observed for the normalized left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole (p = 0.0387) and for the normalized left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole (p = 0.0178). On day 210, mixed-breed hounds fed the LAGI diet had a smaller normalized left ventricular internal diameter at end-diastole than on day 90. On day 210, beagles fed the LAGF diet had a larger normalized left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole than those fed the LAGI diet. Fractional shortening for beagles in the LAGF group was significantly lower (p = 0.007) than for those in the HAGI and LAGI groups. Cardiac-specific biomarkers and endomyocardial biopsies were not significantly different between breeds, diets, and various time points.DiscussionThis study did not detect the development of cardiac dysfunction throughout the study period through the echocardiographic parameters measured, select cardiac biomarkers, or endomyocardial biopsies. There were noted interactions of treatment, breed, and time; therefore, isolating a diet association was not possible. Future research should further investigate the other factors that may help to identify the variable(s) and possible mechanisms underlying suspected diet-associated DCM in dogs