186 research outputs found
TenâYear Secular Trends in Youth Violence: Results From the Philadelphia Youth Risk Behavior Survey 2003â2013
BACKGROUNDYouth violence reduction is a public health priority, yet few studies have examined secular trends in violence among urban youth, who may be particularly vulnerable to numerous forms of violence. This study examines 10âyear secular trends in the prevalence of violenceârelated behaviors among Philadelphia high school students.METHODSRepeated crossâsectional data were analyzed from 5 waves of the Philadelphia Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) from 2003 to 2013. Sexâspecific multivariate regression models were used to examine secular trends in multiple types of violence, accounting for age, race/ethnicity, and sampling strategy.RESULTSIn 2013, the most prevalent violent behavior was physical fighting among boys (38.4%) and girls (32.7%). Among girls, the prevalence of sexual assault and suicide attempts declined between 2003 and 2013 (ÎČ = â0.13, p = .04 and ÎČ = â0.14, p = .007, respectively). Among boys, significant declines in carrying a weapon (ÎČ = â0.31, p < .001), carrying a gun (ÎČ = â0.16, p = .01), and physical fighting (ÎČ = â0.35, p = .001) were observed.CONCLUSIONSWhereas the prevalence of some forms of violence stabilized or declined among Philadelphia youth during 2003â2013 time span, involvement in violenceârelated behaviors remains common among this population. Continued surveillance and evidenceâbased violence reduction strategies are needed to address violence among urban youth.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136403/1/josh12491_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136403/2/josh12491.pd
Ultrastaging using ex vivo sentinel lymph node mapping and one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) in gastric cancer: experiences of a European center
SIMPLE SUMMARY: In this study, the effectiveness of One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) in combination with ex vivo SLN mapping is compared with conventional histology including immunohistochemistry. OSNA lymph node evaluation has been performed in 41 gastric cancer cases. It showed a high effectiveness with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of 85.4%, 93.5%, and 92.4%, respectively The LN status could be predicted in 40 cases and led to upstaging in three cases (14%). The OSNA method proved its potential to increase the sensitivity of metastases detection. ABSTRACT: Background: In this study, the effectiveness of One-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) in combination with ex vivo SLN mapping is compared with conventional histology including immunohistochemistry. Methods: LNs were retrieved from gastrectomy specimens in an unfixed state. After ex vivo SLN mapping using methylene-blue, LNs were sliced to provide samples for histology and OSNA. Results: In total, 334 LNs were retrieved in the fresh state from 41 patients. SLN detection was intended in 40 cases but was successful in only 29, with a correct LN status prediction in 23 cases (79%). Excluding one case out of 41 with a failure likely caused by a processing error, OSNA showed a high effectiveness with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy rates of 85.4%, 93.5%, and 92.4%, respectively. The LN status could be predicted in all but one case, in which the single positive LN was not eligible for OSNA testing. Moreover, OSNA evaluation led to upstaging from N0 to N+ in three cases (14%). Conclusion: The ex vivo SLN protocol used resulted in a relatively poor detection rate. However, the OSNA method was not hampered by this detection rate and proved its potential to increase the sensitivity of metastases detection
Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 4 Number 7
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Validity and variability of center of pressure measures to quantify trunk control in stroke patients during quiet sitting and reaching tasks
In the immediate period following stroke, sitting balance is one of the most important predictors of functional recovery at discharge after rehabilitation. Thus, sitting balance determines the content of the early phase of stroke rehabilitation and an appropriate measurement tool is important
Effects of cold winters and roost site stability on population development of non-native Asian ring-necked parakeets (Alexandrinus manillensis) in temperate Central Europe â Results of a 16-year census
Asian ring-necked parakeets (Alexandrinus manillensis, formerly Psittacula krameri, hereafter RNP) first bred in Germany in 1969. Since then, RNP numbers increased in all three major German subpopulations (Rhineland, Rhine-Main, Rhine-Neckar) over the period 2003â2018. In the Rhine-Neckar region, the population increased to more than fivefold within only 15 years. Interestingly, there was no significant breeding range expansion of RNP in the period 2010â2018. In 2018, the total number of RNP in Germany amounted to >16,200 birds. Differences in RNP censuses between years were evident. Surprisingly, cold winters (extreme value, â13.7 °C) and cold weather conditions in the breeding season (coldest month average, â1.36 °C) were not able to explain between-year variation. This finding suggests that in general winter mortality is low â with exceptions for winters 2008/2009 and 2009/2010, and a population-relevant loss of broods is low in our study population. Surprisingly, the social behaviour in terms of spatio-temporal stability of roost sites could well explain positive and negative population trends. Years of spatially stable and regularly used roost sites seem to correlate with increasing population sizes. In contrast, known shifts of RNP among different roost sites or the formations of new roost sites by split are related to population stagnation or a decrease in numbers. Climate change may lead to further range expansion as cities not suitable yet for RNP may become so in the near future.
Probing scrambling using statistical correlations between randomized measurements
We propose and analyze a protocol to study quantum information scrambling
using statistical correlations between measurements, which are performed after
evolving a quantum system from randomized initial states. We prove that the
resulting correlations precisely capture the so-called out-of-time-ordered
correlators and can be used to probe chaos in strongly-interacting, many-body
systems. Our protocol requires neither reversing time evolution nor auxiliary
degrees of freedom, and can be realized in state-of-the-art quantum simulation
experiments.Comment: This version v2 (8 pages, 7 figures) includes important new results
compared to our original submission. (1) We present a protocol and
corresponding mathematical proof to access OTOCs with local operations, and
which can be realized in quantum simulation experiments with available
technology. (2) We illustrate the realization of the protocols with different
examples for Hubbard and spin model
Enhanced Spike-specific, but attenuated Nucleocapsid-specific T cell responses upon SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough versus non-breakthrough infections
SARS-CoV-2 vaccine breakthrough infections frequently occurred even before the emergence of Omicron variants. Yet, relatively little is known about the impact of vaccination on SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell and antibody response dynamics upon breakthrough infection. We have therefore studied the dynamics of CD4 and CD8 T cells targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike and the non-encoded Nucleocapsid antigens during breakthrough infections (BTI, n=24) and in unvaccinated control infections (non-BTI, n=30). Subjects with vaccine breakthrough infection had significantly higher CD4 and CD8 T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike during the first and third/fourth week after PCR diagnosis compared to non-vaccinated controls, respectively. In contrast, CD4 T cells targeting the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were of significantly lower magnitude in BTI as compared to non-BTI. Hence, previous vaccination was linked to enhanced T cell responses targeting the vaccine-encoded Spike antigen, while responses against the non-vaccine encoded Nucleocapsid antigen were significantly attenuated
Normal kidney size and its influencing factors - a 64-slice MDCT study of 1.040 asymptomatic patients
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Normal ultrasound values for pole-to-pole kidney length (LPP) are well established for children, but very little is known about normal kidney size and its influencing factors in adults. The objectives of this study were thus to establish normal CT values for kidney dimensions from a group of unselected patients, identify potential influencing factors, and to estimate their significance.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>In multiphase thin-slice MDCTs of 2.068 kidneys in 1.040 adults, the kidney length pole to pole (LPP), parenchymal (PW) and cortical width (CW), position and rotation status of the kidneys, number of renal arteries, pyelon width and possible influencing factors that can be visualized, were recorded from a volume data set. For length measurements, axes were adjusted individually in double oblique planes using a 3D-software. Analyses of distribution, T-tests, ANOVA, correlation and multivariate regression analyses were performed.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>LPP was 108.5 ± 12.2 mm for the right, and 111.3 ± 12.6 mm for the left kidney (p < 0.0001 each). PW on the right side was 15.4 ± 2.8 mm, slightly less than 15.9 ± 2.7 mm on the left side (p < 0.0001), the CW was the same (6.6 ± 1.9 mm). The most significant independent predictors for LPP, CW, and PW were body size, BMI, age, and gender (p < 0.001 each). In men, the LPP increases up to the fifth decade of life (p < 0.01). It is also influenced by the position of the kidneys, stenoses and number of renal arteries (SRA/NRA), infarctions suffered, parapelvic cysts, and absence of the contralateral kidney; CW is influenced by age, position, parapelvic cysts, NRA and SRA, and the PW is influenced in addition by rotation status (p < 0.05 each). Depending on the most important factors, gender-specific normal values were indicated for these dimensions, the length and width in cross section, width of the renal pelvis, and parenchyma-renal pyelon ratio.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Due to the complex influences on kidney size, assessment should be made individually. The most important influencing factors are BMI, height, gender, age, position of the kidneys, stenoses and number of renal arteries.</p
Bone sarcomas: ESMOâEURACANâGENTURISâERN PaedCan Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up
Production costs have been covered by ESMO from central funds
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