Post-Merger Corporate Performance: A Case of NIB Bank Pakistan.

This study measures whether the mergers generate efficient, trustworthy and wide-ranging capital base for the bank that completely comprised mergers and to what range mergers of banks increase the confidence of the investors, the customers, the shareholders and capacity to finance the real time sector. For the purpose total 9 ratios under profitability ratios and other ratios applied on key financial figures to analyze the selected bank performance. Key figures were taken from the website of the NIB bank. Data was taken from 2004-07 before merger and 2008-12 after the merger

The power of girls\u27 schooling for young women\u27s empowerment and reproductive health

This report comprises evidence that increases our understanding of girls\u27 schooling in Pakistan. It is useful for policymakers, donors, civil society, program/intervention designers, evaluators, and researchers alike. The findings of this report should be used to guide points of influence and policies on girls\u27 education in Pakistan

Développement de stratégies innovantes de régénération parodontale via la modulation de la réponse inflammatoire

Control of periodontal infection and inflammation is crucial for optimal periodontal wound healing and regeneration. For this purpose, three different and novel strategies were developed and tested for their impact on periodontal wound healing parameters in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, an ibuprofen-functionalized polycaprolactone (IBU-PCL) membrane was developed as an anti-inflammatory barrier membrane that successfully reduced inflammatory markers expression in gingival cells in vitro and decreased soft tissue inflammation, thus, improving periodontal tissue healing in an experimental periodontitis model in vivo. Secondly, chlorhexidine and ibuprofen containing in-situ forming implant (CHX-IBU ISFI) was developed to target both infection and inflammation that successfully reduced Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and inflammatory response of gingival cells in vitro as well as improved soft tissue periodontal wound healing in vivo. Lastly, a thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel functionalized with atorvastatin encapsulated in a nano-emulsion (ATV-KELP NE) was characterized and used to treat an induced bone defect in vivo that resulted in improved soft and hard tissue healing by counteracting infection and modulation of immuno-inflammatory response.Le contrôle de l’infection et de l’inflammation est crucial dans les traitements parodontaux de régénération tissulaire. Dans cet objectif, trois stratégies novatrices ont été développées et évaluées in vitro et in vivo en se focalisant sur les paramètres associés à la cicatrisation. Dans un premier temps, une membrane de polycaprolactone (IBU-PCL) fonctionnalisée avec de l’ibuprofène a été développée. Ce nouveau biomatériau aux propriétés anti-inflammatoires et utilisé comme barrière permettant l’exclusion tissulaire a permis de réduire significativement l’expression des marqueurs de l’inflammation au niveau des cellules épithéliales gingivales in vitro et l’inflammation des tissus mous in vivo. Dans un second temps, un implant se formant in situ (ISFI) fonctionnalisé par ibuprofène et chlorhexidine a été développé pour cibler l’infection et l’inflammation. Ce biomatériau a permis de réduire la croissance bactérienne de Porphyromonas gingivalis et d’optimiser la cicatrisation des tissus parodontaux par réduction de l’inflammation. Enfin, un hydrogel thermosensible fonctionnalisé par atorvastatine encapsulée dans des nano-émulsions a été synthétisé (ATV-KELP NE) et a induit une amélioration de la néoformation osseuse dans un modèle de calvaria

Periodontal Tissues, Maxillary Jaw Bone, and Tooth Regeneration Approaches: From Animal Models Analyses to Clinical Applications

This review encompasses different pre-clinical bioengineering approaches for periodontal tissues, maxillary jaw bone, and the entire tooth. Moreover, it sheds light on their potential clinical therapeutic applications in the field of regenerative medicine. Herein, the electrospinning method for the synthesis of polycaprolactone (PCL) membranes, that are capable of mimicking the extracellular matrix (ECM), has been described. Furthermore, their functionalization with cyclosporine A (CsA), bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), or anti-inflammatory drugs’ nanoreservoirs has been demonstrated to induce a localized and targeted action of these molecules after implantation in the maxillary jaw bone. Firstly, periodontal wound healing has been studied in an induced periodontal lesion in mice using an ibuprofen-functionalized PCL membrane. Thereafter, the kinetics of maxillary bone regeneration in a pre-clinical mouse model of surgical bone lesion treated with BMP-2 or BMP-2/Ibuprofen functionalized PCL membranes have been analyzed by histology, immunology, and micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). Furthermore, the achievement of innervation in bioengineered teeth has also been demonstrated after the co-implantation of cultured dental cell reassociations with a trigeminal ganglia (TG) and the cyclosporine A (CsA)-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold in the jaw bone. The prospective clinical applications of these different tissue engineering approaches could be instrumental in the treatment of various periodontal diseases, congenital dental or cranio-facial bone anomalies, and post-surgical complications

Therapeutic Potential of Hemoglobin Derived from the Marine Worm Arenicola marina (M101): A Literature Review of a Breakthrough Innovation

Oxygen (O2) is indispensable for aerobic respiration and cellular metabolism. In case of injury, reactive oxygen species are produced, causing oxidative stress, which triggers cell damaging chemical mediators leading to ischemic reperfusion injuries (IRI). Sufficient tissue oxygenation is necessary for optimal wound healing. In this context, several hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have been developed and tested, especially as graft preservatives for transplant procedures. However, most of the commercially available O2 carriers increase oxidative stress and show some adverse effects. Interestingly, the hemoglobin derived from the marine lugworm Arenicola marina (M101) has been presented as an efficient therapeutic O2 carrier with potential anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, it has demonstrated promise as a supplement to conventional organ preservatives by reducing IRI. This review summarizes the properties and various applications of M101. M101 is an innovative oxygen carrier with several beneficial therapeutic properties, and further research must be carried out to determine its efficacy in the management of different pathologies

Development of novel therapeutic strategies for periodontal regeneration by modulation of inflammatory response

Le contrôle de l’infection et de l’inflammation est crucial dans les traitements parodontaux de régénération tissulaire. Dans cet objectif, trois stratégies novatrices ont été développées et évaluées in vitro et in vivo en se focalisant sur les paramètres associés à la cicatrisation. Dans un premier temps, une membrane de polycaprolactone (IBU-PCL) fonctionnalisée avec de l’ibuprofène a été développée. Ce nouveau biomatériau aux propriétés anti-inflammatoires et utilisé comme barrière permettant l’exclusion tissulaire a permis de réduire significativement l’expression des marqueurs de l’inflammation au niveau des cellules épithéliales gingivales in vitro et l’inflammation des tissus mous in vivo. Dans un second temps, un implant se formant in situ (ISFI) fonctionnalisé par ibuprofène et chlorhexidine a été développé pour cibler l’infection et l’inflammation. Ce biomatériau a permis de réduire la croissance bactérienne de Porphyromonas gingivalis et d’optimiser la cicatrisation des tissus parodontaux par réduction de l’inflammation. Enfin, un hydrogel thermosensible fonctionnalisé par atorvastatine encapsulée dans des nano-émulsions a été synthétisé (ATV-KELP NE) et a induit une amélioration de la néoformation osseuse dans un modèle de calvaria.Control of periodontal infection and inflammation is crucial for optimal periodontal wound healing and regeneration. For this purpose, three different and novel strategies were developed and tested for their impact on periodontal wound healing parameters in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, an ibuprofen-functionalized polycaprolactone (IBU-PCL) membrane was developed as an anti-inflammatory barrier membrane that successfully reduced inflammatory markers expression in gingival cells in vitro and decreased soft tissue inflammation, thus, improving periodontal tissue healing in an experimental periodontitis model in vivo. Secondly, chlorhexidine and ibuprofen containing in-situ forming implant (CHX-IBU ISFI) was developed to target both infection and inflammation that successfully reduced Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and inflammatory response of gingival cells in vitro as well as improved soft tissue periodontal wound healing in vivo. Lastly, a thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel functionalized with atorvastatin encapsulated in a nano-emulsion (ATV-KELP NE) was characterized and used to treat an induced bone defect in vivo that resulted in improved soft and hard tissue healing by counteracting infection and modulation of immuno-inflammatory response

Development of novel therapeutic strategies for periodontal regeneration by modulation of inflammatory response

Le contrôle de l’infection et de l’inflammation est crucial dans les traitements parodontaux de régénération tissulaire. Dans cet objectif, trois stratégies novatrices ont été développées et évaluées in vitro et in vivo en se focalisant sur les paramètres associés à la cicatrisation. Dans un premier temps, une membrane de polycaprolactone (IBU-PCL) fonctionnalisée avec de l’ibuprofène a été développée. Ce nouveau biomatériau aux propriétés anti-inflammatoires et utilisé comme barrière permettant l’exclusion tissulaire a permis de réduire significativement l’expression des marqueurs de l’inflammation au niveau des cellules épithéliales gingivales in vitro et l’inflammation des tissus mous in vivo. Dans un second temps, un implant se formant in situ (ISFI) fonctionnalisé par ibuprofène et chlorhexidine a été développé pour cibler l’infection et l’inflammation. Ce biomatériau a permis de réduire la croissance bactérienne de Porphyromonas gingivalis et d’optimiser la cicatrisation des tissus parodontaux par réduction de l’inflammation. Enfin, un hydrogel thermosensible fonctionnalisé par atorvastatine encapsulée dans des nano-émulsions a été synthétisé (ATV-KELP NE) et a induit une amélioration de la néoformation osseuse dans un modèle de calvaria.Control of periodontal infection and inflammation is crucial for optimal periodontal wound healing and regeneration. For this purpose, three different and novel strategies were developed and tested for their impact on periodontal wound healing parameters in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, an ibuprofen-functionalized polycaprolactone (IBU-PCL) membrane was developed as an anti-inflammatory barrier membrane that successfully reduced inflammatory markers expression in gingival cells in vitro and decreased soft tissue inflammation, thus, improving periodontal tissue healing in an experimental periodontitis model in vivo. Secondly, chlorhexidine and ibuprofen containing in-situ forming implant (CHX-IBU ISFI) was developed to target both infection and inflammation that successfully reduced Porphyromonas gingivalis growth and inflammatory response of gingival cells in vitro as well as improved soft tissue periodontal wound healing in vivo. Lastly, a thermosensitive chitosan-based hydrogel functionalized with atorvastatin encapsulated in a nano-emulsion (ATV-KELP NE) was characterized and used to treat an induced bone defect in vivo that resulted in improved soft and hard tissue healing by counteracting infection and modulation of immuno-inflammatory response

Therapeutic Potential of Hemoglobin Derived from the Marine Worm Arenicola marina (M101): A Literature Review of a Breakthrough Innovation

International audienceOxygen (O 2) is indispensable for aerobic respiration and cellular metabolism. In case of injury, reactive oxygen species are produced, causing oxidative stress, which triggers cell damaging chemical mediators leading to ischemic reperfusion injuries (IRI). Sufficient tissue oxygenation is necessary for optimal wound healing. In this context, several hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers have been developed and tested, especially as graft preservatives for transplant procedures. However, most of the commercially available O 2 carriers increase oxidative stress and show some adverse effects. Interestingly, the hemoglobin derived from the marine lugworm Arenicola marina (M101) has been presented as an efficient therapeutic O 2 carrier with potential anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, it has demonstrated promise as a supplement to conventional organ preservatives by reducing IRI. This review summarizes the properties and various applications of M101. M101 is an innovative oxygen carrier with several beneficial therapeutic properties, and further research must be carried out to determine its efficacy in the management of different pathologies

Orofacial manifestations and dental management of systemic lupus erythematosus: A review

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune multisystem disease with numerous clinical manifestations. There is no consensus about the ideal oral management for this group of patients to date. This review aimed to describe the broad spectrum of orofacial and clinical manifestations and their therapeutic approaches. Studies concerning orofacial manifestations of SLE and dental treatment modalities were selected by a literature search (1978-2019) using Google Scholar, PubMed/MEDLINE electronic databases. The initial search strategy provided a total of 129 articles, and of these, 30 were included for qualitative synthesis. The reviewed studies revealed that SLE patients are more at risk of compromised oral and dental health exhibiting increased risk of periodontal diseases and temporomandibular joint disorders. The use of systemic drugs especially immunosuppressive and anticoagulants in SLE patients may also influence their oral management. Results emphasize the need to carry out, at an early stage of the disease, an appropriate oral management of these patients to improve oral health-related quality of life and to prevent the need of more invasive therapeutics. A multidisciplinary approach is needed for dental and medical management of such patients

Contribution of Statins towards Periodontal Treatment: A Review

The pleiotropic effects of statins have been evaluated to assess their potential benefit in the treatment of various inflammatory and immune-mediated diseases including periodontitis. Herein, the adjunctive use of statins in periodontal therapy in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical trials was reviewed. Statins act through several pathways to modulate inflammation, immune response, bone metabolism, and bacterial clearance. They control periodontal inflammation through inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines and promotion of anti-inflammatory and/or proresolution molecule release, mainly, through the ERK, MAPK, PI3-Akt, and NF-κB pathways. Moreover, they are able to modulate the host response activated by bacterial challenge, to prevent inflammation-mediated bone resorption and to promote bone formation. Furthermore, they reduce bacterial growth, disrupt bacterial membrane stability, and increase bacterial clearance, thus averting the exacerbation of infection. Local statin delivery as adjunct to both nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapies results in better periodontal treatment outcomes compared to systemic delivery. Moreover, combination of statin therapy with other regenerative agents improves periodontal healing response. Therefore, statins could be proposed as a potential adjuvant to periodontal therapy. However, optimization of the combination of their dose, type, and carrier could be instrumental in achieving the best treatment response