Wildfire profile from the perspective of the public records in the APA do Alto do Mucuri

The Fire Occurrence Record (ROI) is a public instrument for collecting information that can assist in regional environmental decision-making, such as, for example, planning efficient actions to prevent, raise awareness, apply penalties and fight forest fires. Given this relevance, the present study aimed to trace the profile of Forest Fire Records in the Alto do Mucuri Environmental Protection Area (APA) in Minas Gerais. For this purpose, through descriptive statistics, 213 ROIs were analyzed from 2014 to 2018 of the aforementioned conservation unit, obtained through the Law on Access to Information, which allowed a glimpse of the potential of analysis of these records from the public environmental management perspective. The main results found were: an estimate of environmental damage in an area equivalent to 22,537 soccer fields in the analyzed period; higher incidences of forest fires in the vegetation of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest type; greater occurrence of forest fires in the municipalities of Ladainha and Itaipé and verification of a pattern in the increase of fires between July to November. In this sense, it was found that access to public data in the environmental area allows us to understand the efforts and consequences of these environmental crimes from the perspective of public administration.O Registro de Ocorrência de Incêndio (ROI) é um instrumento público de coleta de informações que pode auxiliar na tomada de decisões ambientais regionais, como, por exemplo, o planejamento de ações eficientes de prevenção, conscientização, aplicação de penalidades e combate a incêndios florestais. Diante dessa relevância, realizou-se o presente estudo com o objetivo de traçar o perfil dos Registros de Incêndios Florestais na Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) do Alto do Mucuri, em Minas Gerais. Para tanto, por meio da estatística descritiva, analisaram-se 213 ROIs, relativos ao período de 2014 a 2018, da referida unidade de conservação, obtidos por meio da Lei de Acesso à Informação, os quais permitiram vislumbrar o potencial de análise desses registros sob a ótica da gestão pública ambiental. Os principais resultados encontrados foram: estimativa de dano ambiental em área equivalente a 22.537 campos de futebol no período analisado; maiores incidências de incêndios florestais na vegetação do tipo Floresta Estacional Semidecidual; maior ocorrência de incêndios florestais nos municípios de Ladainha e Itaipé e constatação de um padrão no aumento das queimadas entre os meses de julho a novembro. Nesse sentido, constatou-se que o acesso a dados públicos da área ambiental permite compreender os esforços e as consequências desses crimes ambientais, na perspectiva da administração pública

Cyclic Fatigue Resistance of Mtwo Rotary Instruments with two Different Instrumentation Techniques

Introduction: The objective of this in vitro study was to evaluate whether cervical preparation with Mtwo files in a crown-down technique influences instrumentation time and the cyclic fatigue resistance of these instruments. Methods and Materials: Two instrumentation techniques were evaluated (manufacturer and crown-down). Each group consisted of 10 kits containing four Mtwo instruments (10/0.04, 15/0.05, 20/0.06, and 25/0.06), which were used to prepare three standard simulated curved resin canals. The mean instrumentation time and the corresponding number of cycles for each instrumentation (NCI) were recorded. The instruments were rotated at a constant speed of 300 rpm in a stainless-steel canal (diameter of 1.5 mm) at a 90° angle of curvature and 5-mm radius. The center of the curvature was 5 mm from the tip of the instrument. The cyclic fatigue resistance of the files was determined by counting the number of cycles to failure (NCF). Data were analyzed by the Mann-Whitney test. Results: The mean instrumentation time and NCI of files 10/0.04 and 15/0.05 were significantly lower (P<0.05) when the crown-down technique was used compared to the manufacturer’s method for the same tip size/taper file. There was no significant difference in the mean NCF between the two techniques. Conclusion: The crown-down technique did not interfere with resistance to cyclic fatigue. However, the shorter instrumentation time of files 10/0.04 and 15/0.05 could reduce the fracture risk in the case of reuse of these instruments.Keywords: Crown Down; Cycles to Failure; Cyclic Fatigue; Instrument Fracture; Root Canal Instrumentation

O conceito de unidades de informação:: uma revisão sistemática na Ciência da Informação

Aware that information units are essential for the dissemination of informational data, especially in an information-driven society, this research aimed to explore what are the concepts, definitions, objectives, functions and perspectives that have been used in the context of informational environments, since the term "information unit" is profusely used in the area of Information Science, and alludes to physical environments such as libraries, archives, museums, and information and documentation centers. The methodological procedures employed were based on a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) with a qualitative approach, analyzed from descriptive research. The data collection was carried out in 47 Brazilian journals in the field of Information Science, between the years 2000 and 2021, available on the Sucupira platform. The results indicated 21 articles selected based on the research protocol and showed that there is no consensus in the area about the definition of information units and their typologies. As a contribution of this study around the term, a new concept for information units is proposed.Consciente de que las unidades de información son esenciales para la difusión de datos informativos, especialmente en una sociedad impulsada por la información, esta investigación se propuso explorar cuáles son los conceptos, definiciones, objetivos, funciones y perspectivas que se han utilizado en el contexto de los entornos informativos, ya que el término "unidad de información" es profusamente utilizado en el ámbito de la Ciencia de la Información, y alude a entornos físicos como bibliotecas, archivos, museos y centros de información y documentación. Los procedimientos metodológicos empleados se basaron en una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL) con un enfoque cualitativo, analizado desde una investigación descriptiva. La recolección de datos se realizó en 47 revistas brasileñas del área de Ciencias de la Información, entre los años 2000 y 2021, disponibles en la plataforma Sucupira. Los resultados señalaron 21 artículos seleccionados con base en el protocolo de investigación y mostraron que no hay consenso en el área sobre la definición de unidades de información y sus tipologías. Como aportación de este estudio en torno al término, se propone un nuevo concepto de unidades de información.Consciente de que as unidades de informação são essenciais para a disseminação dos dados informacionais, especialmente em uma sociedade pautada pela informação, a pesquisa objetivou explorar quais são os conceitos, as definições, os objetivos, as funções e as perspectivas que vêm sendo utilizados no âmbito dos ambientes informacionais, uma vez que o termo “unidade de informação” é profusamente empregado na área da Ciência da Informação, e alude à ambientes físicos, tais como: bibliotecas, arquivos, museus e centros de informação e documentação. Os procedimentos metodológicos empregados foram baseados em uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL) com uma abordagem qualitativa, analisada a partir de uma pesquisa descritiva. A coleta de dados foi realizada em 47 revistas brasileiras da área da Ciência da Informação, entre os anos 2000 e 2021, dispostas na plataforma Sucupira. Os resultados apontaram 21 artigos selecionados com base no protocolo de pesquisa e mostraram que não há um consenso na área acerca da definição de unidades de informação e de suas tipologias. Como contribuição deste estudo em torno do termo, propõe-se um novo conceito para unidades de informação

Estratégia de difusão da nanotecnologia: Ensino interdisciplinar aos professores do ensino fundamental

The objective of the research was to disseminate nanotechnology concepts, applications, and benefits among educators from different Costa Rican provinces to increase their acceptance and dissemination of the subject to elementary students. Teachers from different areas of the country were called to participate.  Five training workshops were held in Turrialba, Cahuita, Alajuela, Buenos Aires, and Nicoya covering fundamental nanotechnology concepts and applications, as well as the contributions offered from an educational point of view. The workshops were held in person two full days including talks, practical activities, and discussions. In addition, educational materials were prepared, such as a poster and an information brochure, and two educational videos on nanotechnology. A total of 98 teachers, 87% men and 13% women, from different provinces were trained. Workshop evaluations were positive in terms of the knowledge acquired with an average of 57.30%, compared to 5.10% before starting the training. This project contributed to strengthen teachers’ knowledge about nanotechnology and its applications. In addition, national and international nanotechnology research projects were made known. The above will help teachers disseminate new knowledge to the student population, thus becoming knowledge multipliers.El objetivo de la investigación fue socializar los conceptos, aplicaciones y beneficios de la nanotecnología entre personal educador de las diferentes provincias de Costa Rica, para incrementar su aceptación y difusión del tema a los niños y niñas de educación primaria. Se realizó una convocatoria para seleccionar a sujetos educadores de distintas zonas del país. Se impartieron 5 talleres de capacitación en las siguientes localidades: Turrialba, Cahuita, Alajuela, Buenos Aires y Nicoya. En estos se abordaron temas fundamentales de la nanotecnología y sus aplicaciones, así como los aportes que se pueden ofrecer desde el punto de vista educativo. Los talleres se impartieron de manera presencial durante dos días completos, con exposición de charlas, actividades prácticas y discusiones. Además, se preparó material didáctico, como un afiche y un folleto informativo, y dos videos educativos alusivos a la nanotecnología. Se logró capacitar a 98 sujetos educadores, 87 % hombres y 13 % mujeres, de distintas provincias del país. Los resultados de las evaluaciones de los talleres fueron buenos, en términos del conocimiento adquirido con un promedio de calificación de un 57,30 %, comparado con un 5,10 % alcanzado antes de iniciar la capacitación. Este proyecto, contribuyó a fortalecer el conocimiento de los educadores sobre la nanotecnología y sus aplicaciones; además, se dieron a conocer proyectos de investigación nacionales e internacionales relativos a la nanotecnología. Lo anterior permitirá que los educadores sean capaces de transmitir los nuevos conocimientos a la población estudiantil, y se conviertan en multiplicadores del conocimiento.Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo socializar os conceitos, aplicações e benefícios da nanotecnologia entre os educadores dos diferentes municípios da Costa Rica, para aumentar a aceitação e difusão do tema nos estudantes do ensino fundamental. Foi realizada uma convocatória para escolher sujeitos educadores de distintas zonas do país. Foram ministradas 5 oficinas de capacitação nas seguintes localidades: Turrialba, Cahuita, Alajuela, Buenos Aires e Nicoya. Foram abordados temas fundamentais da nanotecnologia e suas aplicações, assim como as contribuições que podem ser dadas desde o ponto de vista educativo. Essas oficinas foram ministradas presencialmente durante dois dias completos, com exposição de palestras, atividades práticas e discussões. Além disso, foi preparado material didático, como um cartaz e um folheto informativo, e dois vídeos educativos alusivos à nanotecnologia. Foi possível capacitar 98 sujeitos educadores, 87 % homens e 13 % mulheres, de distintos municípios do país. Os resultados das avaliações das oficinas foram bons, em termos do conhecimento adquirido com uma média de nota de 57,30 %, comparado aos 5,10 % alcançados antes de iniciar a capacitação. Este projeto contribuiu para a consolidação do conhecimento dos educadores sobre a nanotecnologia e suas aplicações; além disso, divulgaram projetos de pesquisas nacionais e internacionais relativos à nanotecnologia. Isso permitirá que os educadores sejam capazes de transmitir os novos conhecimentos à população estudantil e de se transformar em multiplicadores do conhecimento

Prevalência e fatores de risco da infecção por Leptospira sp. em cães atendidos em clínicas veterinárias em João Pessoa, Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with Leptospira sp. in dogs attended at veterinary clinics in the city of João Pessoa, State of Paraíba, Northeast Brazil.  A total of 384 blood samples from dogs from 34 veterinary clinics were used from April 2015 to May 2016. The diagnosis of Leptospira sp. was carried out through Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), using a collection of 20 pathogenic antigens and adopting a 1: 100 dilution as cutoff point. An epidemiological questionnaire was applied to the owners of the animals to obtain data to be used in the analysis of risk factors. The prevalence of seropositive animals was 11.7% (45/384), with reactions for serogroups Icterohaemorrhagiae (62.3%), Grippotyphosa (22.2%), Canicola (13.3%), Djasiman 2%) and Pomona (2.2%). The following risk factors were identified: age from 49 to 72 months (odds ratio = 2.74), Age > 72 months (odds ratio = 3.22), and monthly cleaning of the environment where the animals are kept (odds ratio = 10,70). It is concluded that dogs attended at veterinary clinics in João Pessoa are exposed to infection by Leptospira sp., with predominance of serogroups kept by wild animals, and it is suggested that the periodic cleaning of the environment where the animals are kept.  O presente trabalho investigou a prevalência e os fatores de risco associados à infecção por Leptospira sp. em cães atendidos em clínicas veterinárias da cidade de João Pessoa, Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil. Foram utilizadas 384 amostras sanguíneas de cães provenientes de 34 clínicas veterinárias no período de abril de 2015 a maio de 2016. O diagnóstico da infecção por Leptospira sp. foi realizado com o emprego reação de Soroaglutinação Microscópica (SAM), utilizando uma coleção com 20 antígenos patogênicos e adotando como ponto de corte a diluição 1:100. Foi aplicado um questionário epidemiológico aos proprietários dos animais para obtenção de dados a serem utilizados na análise de fatores de risco. A prevalência de animais soropositivos foi de 11,7% (45/384), com reações para os sorogrupos Icterohaemorrhagiae (62,3%), Grippotyphosa (22,2%), Canicola (13,3%), Djasiman (2,2%) e Pomona (2,2%). Foram identificados os seguintes fatores de risco: idade entre 49 e 72 meses (odds ratio = 2,74), idade maior que 72 meses (odds ratio = 3,22), e limpeza mensal do ambiente onde os animais permanecem (odds ratio = 10,70). Conclui-se que cães atendidos em clínicas veterinárias de João Pessoa estão expostos à infecção por Leptospira sp., com predominância de sorogrupos mantidos por animais selvagens, e foi sugerida a realização da limpeza periódica do ambiente ocupado pelos animais

Cu2O nanoparticles synthesized by green and chemical routes, and evaluation of their antibacterial and antifungal effect on functionalized textiles

The potential for the application of metal-containing nanomaterials at the nanoscale promotes the opportunity to search for new methods for their elaboration, with special attention to those sustainable methods. In response to these challenges, we have investigated a new method for green synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) using Myrciaria dubia juice as an organic reductant and, comparing it with chemical synthesis, evaluating in both cases the influence of the volume of the organic (juice) and chemical (ascorbic acid) reductants, for which a large number of techniques such as spectrophotometry, EDX spectrometry, TEM, SEM, DLS, FTIR spectroscopy have been used. Likewise, the nanomaterial with better morphological characteristics, stability, and size homogeneity has been applied in the functionalization of textiles by means of in situ and post-synthesis impregnation methods. The success of the synthesis process has been demonstrated by the antimicrobial activity (bacteria and fungi) of textiles impregnated with Cu2O NPs

Biogenic production of silver, zinc oxide, and cuprous oxide nanoparticles, and their impregnation into textiles with antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2

Nanotechnology is being used to fight off infections caused by viruses, and one of the most outstanding nanotechnological uses is the design of protective barriers made of textiles functionalized with antimicrobial agents, with the challenge of combating the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the causal agent of COVID-19. This research is framed within two fundamental aspects: the first one is linked to the proposal of new methods of biogenic synthesis of silver, cuprous oxide, and zinc oxide nanoparticles using organic extracts as reducing agents. The second one is the application of nanomaterials in the impregnation (functionalization) of textiles based on methods called "in situ" (within the synthesis), and "post-synthesis" (after the synthesis), with subsequent evaluation of their effectiveness in reducing the viral load of SARS-CoV-2. The results show that stable, monodisperse nanoparticles with defined geometry can be obtained. Likewise, the "in situ" impregnation method emerges as the best way to adhere nanoparticles. The results of viral load reduction show that 'in situ' textiles with Cu2O NP achieved a 99.79% load reduction of the SARS-CoV-2 virus

"Cu2O nanoparticles synthesized by green and chemical routes, and evaluation of their antibacterial and antifungal effect on functionalized textile"

"The potential for the application of metal-containing nanomaterials at the nanoscale promotes the opportunity to search for new methods for their elaboration, with special attention to those sustainable methods. In response to these challenges, we have investigated a new method for green synthesis of cuprous oxide nanoparticles (Cu2O NPs) using Myrciaria dubia juice as an organic reductant and, comparing it with chemical synthesis, evaluating in both cases the influence of the volume of the organic (juice) and chemical (ascorbic acid) reductants, for which a large number of techniques such as spectrophotometry, EDX spectrometry, TEM, SEM, DLS, FTIR spectroscopy have been used. Likewise, the nanomaterial with better morphological characteristics, stability, and size ho- mogeneity has been applied in the functionalization of textiles by means of in situ and post-synthesis impreg- nation methods. The success of the synthesis process has been demonstrated by the antimicrobial activity (bacteria and fungi) of textiles impregnated with Cu2O NPs.

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO