Participação eletrônica: informação cidadã nos municípios europeus e sul-americanos

This article deals with the possibilities of citizen interaction by means of information and communication technologies (ICT). Its main purpose is to measure the supply of information in the websites of municipal governments in Europe and South America. The model adopted in the study includes the following variables, used as proxies of the supply of information on the websites, and are indicative of citizen participation: institutional information; process and legal information; interactive information and accountability information. 2.083 local legislative sites and executive sites were visited and the results of the statistical data analysis show to an important improvement in citizen interaction. The results obtained indicate sufficient information necessary to political activity, in different countries.Este artigo trata das possibilidades de interação cidadã por meio das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC). Seu principal objetivo é medir a oferta de informações nos portais de governos municipais europeus e sul-americanos. O modelo adotado na pesquisa inclui as seguintes variáveis que medem a oferta de informação nos sites e são indicativas de participação cidadã: informação institucional; informação processual; informação interativa; prestação de contas ou accountability. Foram visitados 2.083sites de legislativos e executivos locais, e os resultados do tratamento estatístico das informações obtidas apontam para uma melhoria da interação cidadã, medida pela relevante dimensão da oferta de informaçõespara a atividade política

Cerimonial público - As prefeituras municipais do Estado de Santa Catarina em paralelo com a legislação vigente

Cerimonial Público é um conjunto de formalidades praticadas em um ato solene e sua correta aplicação amplia o sucesso obtido nas relações profissionais e interpessoais, refletindo a boa imagem de dirigentes e das instituições, perante a sociedade. O presente estudo teve como objetivo identificar as formas de realização das solenidades nos municípios catarinenses, identificando as normas que os norteiam na realização de seus cerimoniais. Um questionário foi elaborado com 31 questões objetivas procurando identificar o perfil dos organizadores de eventos do estado, a forma como são realizadas as cerimônias públicas, como são tratados os símbolos nacionais, além de levantar algumas considerações gerais. O questionário foi encaminhado a todos os municípios catarinenses e obteve-se 109 respostas. A partir do material coletado, observou-se que grande parte das prefeituras municipais não possui uma preparação adequada para lidar com o cerimonial público, seja pela falta de profissionais qualificados atuantes na área, seja pela falta de uma normatização coerente e atual, consolidada na realidade cultural de cada município, ou ainda pela inobservância da importância que vem adquirindo o mercado de eventos. As prefeituras que responderam, mostramse, em sua maioria, receptivas e ansiosas em aprofundar seus conhecimentos, denotando abertura a outros estudos na área. Palavras-chave: Cerimonial Cívico, Etiqueta, Símbolos Nacionais, Relações Públicas - Administração Municipal

Differential Attraction Of Drosophilids To Banana Baits Inoculated With Saccharomyces Cerevisiae And Hanseniaspora Uvarum Within A Neotropical Forest Remnant

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Yeasts are a necessary requisite in the diet of most Drosophila species that, in turn, may vector their dispersal in natural environments. Differential attractiveness experiments and the isolation of yeasts consumed by Drosophila may be informative for characterizing this association. Hanseniaspora uvarum is among the most common yeast species isolated from Drosophila crops, with high attractiveness to drosophilids. Saccharorrtyces cerevisiae has been widely used to collect flies, and it allows broad sampling of almost. all local Drosophila species. Pronounced differences in the field concerning Drosophila attractivity to baits seeded with these yeast species have been previously reported. However, few explicit generalizations have. been. set. Since late fifties, no field experiments of. Drosophila attractivity were carried out. in.the Neotropical region, which is facing shifts in abiotic and biotic factors.. Our objective is to characterize preference behavior that mediates the interaction in the wild among Neotropical Drosophila species and yeasts associated with them. We want to set a broad generalization about drosophilids attracted to the se yeasts. Here we present the results of a differential attractiveness experiment we carried out in a natural Atlantic Rainforest fragment to assess the preferences of Drosophila species groups to baits inoculated with H. uvarum and S. cerevisiae. Methods. Both yeast species were cultured in GYMP broth and separately poured in autoclaved mashed banana that was left fermenting. In the field, we collected drosophilids over five arrays of three different baits: non-inoculated autoclaved banana and banana inoculated with each yeast. In the laboratory the drosophilids were sorted to five sets according to their external morphology and/or genitalia: tripunctata; guarani; exotic; and the remaining flies pooled in others. Results and Conclusions. Uninoculated banana baits attracted virtually no flies. We found significant departures from random distribution over the other two baits (1:1 proportion) for all sets, except the pooled others. Flies of the sets willistoni and exotic preferred H. uvarum over S. cerevisiae, while the remaining sets were more attracted to S. cerevisiae. Previously various authors reported similar patterns in attraction experiments with S. cerevisiae and H. uvarum. It is also noteworthy that both yeast species have been isolated from natural substrates and crops of Drosophila species. Taken together, these results suggest that the preferences among Drosophila species groups may be reflecting deep and stable relations with yeast species in natural environments. They can be summarized as: forest dwelling species from subgenus Drosophila (such as tripunctata and guarani groups) are attracted to banana baits seeded with S. cerevisiae; while exotic (as D. melanogaster) and subgenus Sophophora species are preferentially attracted to baits seeded with H. uvarum.5Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal do Ensino Superior (CAPES) [PRODOC 2709/2010]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico [308285/2014-0, 457499/2014-1, 312066/2014-7]Fundo de Apoio ao Ensino, a Pesquisa e Extensao da Unicamp (FAEPEX-PEC2012) [1578/12]Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [2012/03144-0, 2014/03791-1]Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) [APQ-01525-14]Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP

Institucionalidade da Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônica

Este trabalho trata da análise da institucionalidade da Organização do Tratado de Cooperação Amazônico (OTCA), a partir dos documentos oficiais da instituição, com foco no desenvolvimento sustentável. A OTCA surgiu com o intuito de fortalecer as relações entre os países-membros para cooperação em matéria de desenvolvimento regional na bacia amazônica. Nesta análise, constituem-se como objetivos específicos: a) apresentar uma nova metodologia para análise de assuntos ambientais a partir da abordagem transdisciplinar; b) revisar os documentos oficiais das instâncias superiores; e c) apresentar os resultados a partir da análise de variáveis transversais. Para alcançar tais objetivos, é essencial uma abordagem plurimetodológica, qualitativa, com base no método histórico e transdisciplinar. Espera-se, como resultado, a contextualização histórica e teórica sobre a organização, bem como a identificação dos espaços institucionais de governança participativa na OTCA

A evolução do sistema partidário brasileiro: número de partidos e votação no plano subnacional 1982-2006

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar o processo de implementação e desenvolvimento do sistema partidário. Para tanto, analisamos a oferta partidária no Brasil, nas diferentes unidades da federação, no período 1982-2006. Para essa análise serão consideradas as seguintes variáveis: idade dos partidos, número de partidos efetivos e a evolução da votação recebida pelos partidos nas eleições para Câmara Federal, Senado e Governador e Assembléias Legislativas Estaduais. Desse modo, será possível uma análise mais abrangente e comparada do desenvolvimento do sistema partidário brasileiro.The article analyzes the process of implementation and development of the Brazilian party system. In order to do so we analyze the electoral offer in the Brazilian federation from 1982-2006. The following variables will be considered: parties age, effective number of parties (ENP), and votes for Senate, Low Camber, State Governor and State Level Assembly. These procedures allow us to have a broad panorama of the Brazilian party system as well as of its development throughout almost three decades

Cataloguing Quaternary paleo-coastlines in West and Southwest Portugal. Economic, societal and geologic implications

A catalogue of paleo-coast lines in Southwest and South Portugal is presented based on direct field observation and on recent multibeam and backscatter bathymetric surveys. Above sea level, coastline classification was based on field observation of i) wave cut platforms directly associated with ii) notches and/or marine sand deposits with shell clasts, iii) speleothems interbedded with sand deposits and iv) beach rock slabs. Below sea level morphologic and archeologic criteria were used such as, i) buried cliffs under ii) prograding submarine prodeltas or littoral prisms, iii) hard rock surfaces interbedded with mobile sand deposits (possibly beach rock slabs), iv) lagoon depressions associated to coastal barriers sometimes buried by submerged river deltas and v) long wrinkled escarpments. Coastline erosive surfaces ranging from ∼30 m above present-day sea level to ∼120 m below present-day sea level were cataloged. The highest notches with beach sand and bioclasts appear to be well above Quaternary sea level high-stands within the realm of an area that is associated with Pliocene thrusting and uplift. This together with a series of close located well-preserved wave cut platforms and notches from ∼30m above sea level to ∼70 m below sea level require dating. Establishing an absolute chronology for these paleo-coastlines will contribute for understanding the different contributions from eustatic variations, littoral environments (sedimentation contributions) or vertical tectonic movements. The highly curvilinear pattern of the recently discovered paleo-coastlines in SW Portugal, between 30m to 80m below present day sea level, which mimics the present day coastline pattern, is associated with the inherited Paleozoic tectonic fabrics. These escarpments and embayments act as sand traps off the Iberian Pyrite Belt, worldwide famous for its base metals sulphide deposits. Ground truthing for characterizing these mobile deposits is in course looking for possible mineral placers. Thorough mapping of rocky outcrops is also important for habitat mapping, fisheries and diving activities in a region that is under tectonic uplift and needing artificial sand nourishment for keeping beaches attractive. This work was supported by the following projects: MINEPLAT- Assessment of the mineral resources potential in the continental shelf of Alentejo and of the environmental conditions caused by the tectonic uplift in the Pliocene-Quaternary (ALT20-03-0145-FEDER-000013), EMODnet Geology (European Marine Observation Data network, EASME/EMFF/2016/006

Differential attraction of drosophilids to banana baits inoculated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Hanseniaspora uvarum within a Neotropical forest remnant

Background. Yeasts are a necessary requisite in the diet of most Drosophila species that, in turn, may vector their dispersal in natural environments. Differential attractiveness experiments and the isolation of yeasts consumed by Drosophila may be informative for characterizing this association. Hanseniaspora uvarum is among the most common yeast species isolated from Drosophila crops, with high attractiveness to drosophilids. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been widely used to collect flies, and it allows broad sampling of almost all local Drosophila species. Pronounced differences in the field concerning Drosophila attractivity to baits seeded with these yeast species have been previously reported. However, few explicit generalizations have been set. Since late fifties, no field experiments of Drosophila attractivity were carried out in the Neotropical region, which is facing shifts in abiotic and biotic factors. Our objective is to characterize preference behavior that mediates the interaction in the wild among Neotropical Drosophila species and yeasts associated with them. We want to set a broad generalization about drosophilids attracted to these yeasts. Here we present the results of a differential attractiveness experiment we carried out in a natural Atlantic Rainforest fragment to assess the preferences of Drosophila species groups to baits inoculated with H. uvarum and S. cerevisiae. Methods. Both yeast species were cultured in GYMP broth and separately poured in autoclaved mashed banana that was left fermenting. In the field, we collected drosophilids over five arrays of three different baits: non-inoculated autoclaved banana and banana inoculated with each yeast. In the laboratory the drosophilids were sorted to five sets according to their external morphology and/or genitalia: tripunctata; guarani; willistoni; exotic; and the remaining flies pooled in others. Results and Conclusions. Uninoculated banana baits attracted virtually no flies. We found significant departures from random distribution over the other two baits (1:1 proportion) for all sets, except the pooled others. Flies of the sets willistoni and exotic preferred H. uvarum over S. cerevisiae, while the remaining sets were more attracted to S. cerevisiae. Previously, various authors reported similar patterns in attraction experiments with S. cerevisiae and H. uvarum. It is also noteworthy that both yeast species have been isolated from natural substrates and crops of Drosophila species. Taken together, these results suggest that the preferences among Drosophila species groups may be reflecting deep and stable relations with yeast species in natural environments. They can be summarized as: forest dwelling species from subgenus Drosophila (such as tripunctata and guarani groups) are attracted to banana baits seeded with S. cerevisiae; while exotic (as D. melanogaster) and subgenus Sophophora species are preferentially attracted to baits seeded with H. uvarum

Estudo comparativo da resistência à tração do peritônio (bovino, eqüino, suíno e canino) a fresco e conservado em glicerina

Inúmeras moléstias, tais como neoplasias, traumatismos, abscessos, nódulos parasitários, podem comprometer a função normal de um órgão. Isto torna necessária, muitas vezes, a correção cirúrgica com a utilização de implantes, entre eles, as membranas biológicas. A finalidade deste trabalho foi testar e analisar a influência da glicerina na resistência à tração e na elasticidade de peritônios de bovino, eqüino, suíno e canino, assim como estabelecer uma comparação entre as membranas das espécies citadas, e suas alterações histológicas. Para isso, após o sacrifício dos animais, foram retiradas amostras de peritônio,  padronizadas para cada espécie. Foram obtidos, então, os corpos de prova, padronizados nas dimensões de 6 mm de largura e 50 mm dé comprimento. Os ensaios de tração foram realizados em corpos de prova a fresco e em outros mantidos em glicerina durante 15, 30 e 60 dias. Os testes foram realizados em Máquina Universal de Ensaio. Após o teste mecânico de tração, os corpos de prova foram fixados, e cortes histológicos, corados pelo método de Hematoxilina-Eosina, foram obtidos e analisados. Os resultados da tração do peritônio a fresco bovino,  eqüino, suíno e canino, quando analisados os alongamentos em função das cargas aplicadas, mostraram comportamentos heterogêneos, e o ponto de ruptura das membranas foi bastante diferente entre as espécies