The N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist CPP alters synapse and spine structure and impairs long-term potentiation and long-term depression induced morphological plasticity in dentate gyrus of the awake rat

Long-term morphological synaptic changes associated with homosynaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and heterosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) in vivo, in awake adult rats were analyzed using three-dimensional (3-D) reconstructions of electron microscope images of ultrathin serial sections from the molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. For the first time in morphological studies, the specificity of the effects of LTP and LTD on both spine and synapse ultrastructure was determined using an N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist CPP (3-[(R)-2-carboxypiperazin-4-yl]-propyl-1-phosphonic acid). There were no differences in synaptic density 24 h after LTP or LTD induction, and CPP alone had no effect on synaptic density. LTP increased significantly the proportion of mushroom spines, whereas LTD increased the proportion of thin spines, and both LTP and LTD decreased stubby spine number. Both LTP and LTD increased significantly spine head evaginations (spinules) into synaptic boutons and CPP blocked these changes. Synaptic boutons were smaller after LTD, indicating a pre-synaptic effect. Interestingly, CPP alone decreased bouton and mushroom spine volumes, as well as post-synaptic density (PSD) volume of mushroom spines.These data show similarities, but also some clear differences, between the effects of LTP and LTD on spine and synaptic morphology. Although CPP blocks both LTP and LTD, and impairs most morphological changes in spines and synapses, CPP alone was shown to exert effects on aspects of spine and synaptic structure

The traditional and innovative technologies of vocational guidance work with pupils and students

© 2016, Econjournals. All rights reserved.Today, considering the needs of the Russian economy, the content and technology of training in career counseling from the point of view of practice is not sufficiently developed. Thus, a search for new forms, methods and means of conducting career guidance with students is necessary. This article offers a broad range of technologies and their optimal combination in career guidance work with pupils in the integrated system “School - University - Enterprise.” A leading approach to the study of this problem is an integrative approach that leads to the necessity to use both traditional and innovative technologies which contribute not only to effective assimilation of knowledge, but also early social adaptation of the prospective students to university conditions. Presented in the study traditional and innovative technologies of career guidance work with students (project method, role play, portfolio, internet technologies, comprehensive and career-oriented excursions), as well as the possibility of using information and educational potential of professional education institutions and enterprises for pupils’ vocational guidance in the context of their successive socialization contribute to the formation of professional identity, consciousness in the choice of the future profession of secondary schools’ students, as well as the selection of their own individual educational trajectories and to their adaptive abilities’ disclosure for future professional activity. The article is valuable for teachers and faculty of educational and vocational institutions in organizing and conducting of career guidance with students, applicants and students

Инструментально-программно-методический комплекс по биомедицинской инженерии

The instrumental and program system, which is a computer system of acquisition and control of data from biomedical devices, is described. The system is designed for laboratory and practical training in the disciplines of professional cycle in the framework of educational program "Biotechnical Systems and Technologies".Приведено описание инструментально-программного комплекса, который представляет собой компьютерную систему сбора и управления данными приборов медико-биологического назначения. Комплекс предназначен для проведения лабораторных и практических занятий в рамках дисциплин профессионального цикла направления подготовки «Биотехнические системы и технологии»

Развитие проекта «Образовательный портал "Биотехнические системы и технологии"»

Experience in the use of services, developed in 2011 under the first stage of the project, has demonstrated the effectiveness of the portal “Biotechnical Systems and Technology” (http://biotech.net-ustu.ru/) in education. In 2012, the project was actively developed. The resource is based on tools Google Sites and Google Docs.Опыт использования сервисов, разработанных в 2011 году в рамках первого этапа проекта, продемонстрировал эффективность применения портала «Биотехнические системы и технологии» (http://biotech.net-ustu.ru/) в образовательном процессе. В 2012 году проект активно развивался. Ресурс создан на базе инструментов Google Sites и Google Docs

Assessment of lighting levels in residential and public buildings (based on the example of Yekaterinburg)

The article describes the results of assessing lighting in residential and public building and its potential effects on workers with account for their various fields of activity. Artificial lighting was measured in various rooms taking into account the use of the main light sources. The study showed that the use of LED lamps provided a sufficient lighting level and had the most favorable effect on humans.В статье представлены результаты выполненной оценки фактора освещённости в жилых и общественных зданиях, возможного влияния на работников с учётом различных сфер деятельности. Организовано и проведено измерение искусственной освещенности в различных помещениях с учётом использования различных основных источников света. В результате исследования показано, что использование светодиодных ламп обеспечивает достаточный уровень освещённости и оказывает максимально благоприятное влияние на организм человека

Violation of the processes of peroxidation and antioxidant protection in the blood of pressers of refractory products

The analysis of the results of surveys of 15 pressers of refractory products of the Pervouralsk Dinas plant (Sverdlovsk region, Pervouralsk, Russia) was carried out. The state of lipid peroxidation (POL) and total antioxidant activity (AOA) in the blood of pressers exposed to high - and low-fibrogenic dust (with a free silicon dioxide content of more than 10%) was studied. There was an increase in the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) аnd a decrease in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase and catalase, as well as a drop in AOA indicators.Проведен анализ результатов обследований 15 прессовщиков огнеупорных изделий Первоуральского динасового завода (Свердловская область, г. Первоуральск, Россия). Изучено состояние перекисного окисления липидов (ПОЛ) и общей антиокислительной активности (АОА) в крови у прессовщиков, подвергающихся воздействия высоко - и умереннофиброгенной пыли (с содержанием свободного диоксида кремния более 10 %). Отмечено повышение интенсивности ПОЛпо накоплению малоновогодиальдегида(МДА) и снижение активности антиокислительных ферментов пероксидазы и каталазы, а также падение показателя АОА

Differential impact of chronic stress along the hippocampal dorsal–ventral axis

First published online 06 February 2014Stress impacts differently in distinct brain regions. However, so far few studies have focused on the differential responses triggered by stressful stimuli on the intrinsic functional heterogeneity of the hippocampal axis. In this study, we assessed the functional and structural alterations caused by exposure to a chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) paradigm on the dorsal-ventral axis of the hippocampus. The morphological analysis demonstrated that CUS had opposite outcomes in the structure of the dorsal (DH) and ventral hippocampus (VH): whereas in the DH, stress triggered a volumetric reduction as a result of atrophy of CA3 and CA1 apical dendrites, in the VH there was an increase in hippocampal volume concurrent with the increase of CA3 apical dendrites. In parallel, electrophysiological data revealed that stress led to a decrease in VH LTD. In summary, the present work showed that stress impacts differently on the structure and function of the DH and VH which contributes to better understand the overall spectrum of the central effects of stress.Pinto V and Mota C were supported by Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) grants (SFRH/BPD/69132/2010; SFRH/BD/81881/2011, respectively). This work was supported by an FCT grant (PTDC/SAU-NSC/120590/2010). The authors declare no competing financial interests

Long-Term Relationships between Synaptic Tenacity, Synaptic Remodeling, and Network Activity

Long term time-lapse imaging reveals that individual synapses undergo significant structural remodeling not only when driven by activity, but also when network activity is absent, raising questions about how reliably individual synapses maintain connections

Microglial Interactions with Synapses Are Modulated by Visual Experience

Microglia, the brain's immune cells, show unique interactions with nearby synaptic elements under non-pathological conditions that are sensitive to changes in sensory experience