Long term time-lapse imaging reveals that individual synapses undergo significant structural remodeling not only when driven by activity, but also when network activity is absent, raising questions about how reliably individual synapses maintain connections

A Holtmaat

A Inoue

A Matus

A Takamata

AE El-Husseini

AJ Holtmaat

AK Majewska

AM Craig

Amir Minerbi

C Bats

C Lang

C Lohmann

C Lois

CD Harvey

CD Kopec

CG Specht

Charles F. Stevens

CJ Wierenga

D Choquet

D Eytan

D Keith

DA Wagenaar

DB Arnold

DB Chklovskii

DD Stettler

DV Lissin

FO Morin

G Losi

G Turrigiano

GG Turrigiano

GS Marrs

GW Davis

GW Gross

I Ehrlich

I Nikonenko

J Bourne

J Grutzendler

J Van Pelt

JC Béïque

JM Mateos

JT Trachtenberg

K Ibata

K Kraszewski

K Okamoto

K Sharma

K Staras

KG Pratt

KM Harris

KO Cho

L Qin

Larissa Goldfeld

M De Roo

M London

M Matsuzaki

M Park

M Renner

M Segal

MA Merrill

MA Sutton

Maya Kaufman

MD Ehlers

MJ Kim

N Bastrikova

N Uesaka

N Yasumatsu

Noam E. Ziv

NW Gray

O Prange

P Steiner

Q Zhou

R Segev

RJ O'Brien

Roni Kahana

S Marom

S Okabe

S Tsuriel

Shimon Marom

SJ Martin

T Bresler

T Ebihara

T Furuta

T Kuriu

TA Blanpied

TM Newpher

U Kistner

UV Nägerl

V De Paola

V Stein

VA Alvarez

VN Murthy

W Wallace

X Chen

XM Zha

Y Ben-Ari

Y Takumi

English

PubMed

Minerbi Amir

Kahana Roni

Goldfeld Larissa

Kaufman Maya

Marom Shimon

Ziv Noam E.

Public Library of Science (PLOS)

Long-Term Relationships between Synaptic Tenacity, Synaptic Remodeling, and Network Activity

Crossref

Synaptic plasticity is widely believed to constitute a key mechanism for modifying functional properties of neuronal networks. This belief implicitly implies, however, that synapses, when not driven to change their characteristics by physiologically relevant stimuli, will maintain these characteristics over time. How tenacious are synapses over behaviorally relevant time scales? To begin to address this question, we developed a system for continuously imaging the structural dynamics of individual synapses over many days, while recording network activity in the same preparations. We found that in spontaneously active networks, distributions of synaptic sizes were generally stable over days. Following individual synapses revealed, however, that the apparently static distributions were actually steady states of synapses exhibiting continual and extensive remodeling. In active networks, large synapses tended to grow smaller, whereas small synapses tended to grow larger, mainly during periods of particularly synchronous activity. Suppression of network activity only mildly affected the magnitude of synaptic remodeling, but dependence on synaptic size was lost, leading to the broadening of synaptic size distributions and increases in mean synaptic size. From the perspective of individual neurons, activity drove changes in the relative sizes of their excitatory inputs, but such changes continued, albeit at lower rates, even when network activity was blocked. Our findings show that activity strongly drives synaptic remodeling, but they also show that significant remodeling occurs spontaneously. Whereas such spontaneous remodeling provides an explanation for "synaptic homeostasis" like processes, it also raises significant questions concerning the reliability of individual synapses as sites for persistently modifying network function

Noam E Ziv

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Long-Term Relationships between Synaptic Tenacity, Synaptic Remodeling, and Network Activity

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