Pearl Millet as an Alternative to Maize or Sorghum in the Diets of Broilers in Sokoto, Nigeria

The performance of broilers fed maize, sorghum or millet as sources of energy was studied for 8 weeks using two hundred and seventy six day-old chicks. The birds were randomly allocated to three treatment groups, each replicated four times such that each replicate had 23 chicks. The study was divided into two phases i.e. starter (0-4 weeks) and finisher (5-8 weeks). Three diets were formulated for each phase. Maize, sorghum or millet was used as the major source of energy in each of the three diets for each phase. Data on daily feed intake, weight gain and mortality were recorded. Feed conversion ratio was later calculated using feed intake and weight gain records. Results showed that at the starter phase, feed intake and weight gain of broilers fed pearl millet was significantly lower (P<0.05) than those fed maize or sorghum. Feed conversion ratio was also better (P<0.05) for broilers fed the two cereal grains compared to those fed pearl millet. At the finisher phase however, there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in all parameters monitored. This indicates that pearl millet may not particularly be as suitable as source of energy for broilers at the starter phase as maize or sorghum. It is however a good alternative to maize or sorghum for broilers in the finisher phase

A Mathematical Models to Assessment Pollution of Water and Sediments of Auda Marsh

A study was carried out to investigate the quality of water and sediments of Auda marsh, Amara, southern Iraq. Used some mathematical models for assessment water and sediments quality. Values of  Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR) ranged between 2.63 to 7.31 meq.l-1. It was observed that all sites were good for irrigation (SAR˂10). The mean concentration of metals (Fe, Pb, Zn and Cu) ranged between 1365-3735, 6.00-7.70, 4.50-10.50 and 4.15-8.15 mg.kg-1 respectively. Values of Enrichment Factor (EF) varied from 12.5 to 38.0, considered to be contaminated with that particular elements (EF>5). Values of Contamination Factor (CF) ranged from 0.037 to 0.385, this mean low contamination factor and low degree of contamination at all sites (Cd˂ 7). The calculated CFs were found to fall in the following sequence Pb>Cu>Fe>Zn. Values of Pollution Load Index (PLI) and Metal Pollution Index (MPI) were ranged between 0.095 to 0.145 and 583.21 to 1333.09 respectively. The lower values of PLI indicated that it is lied between perfection and only baseline levels of pollutant present (PLI=0-1), while MPI values indicated that it is a considerable contamination (MPI>2). Values of Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo) varied from -3.42 to -1.44, these indicated that unpolluted situation for all stations (Igeo˂0). Metal enrichment index (SEF) values varied from 0.029 to 0.385 this indicated unpolluted stations (SEF˂1). Keywords: pollution, Auda marsh, contamination indices, water & sediment quality

Design and evaluation of optical laser diodes LD positioning arrangement and multiple input/ multiple output MIMO-OFDM systems

Optical communication system for the next generation of wireless communication systems are an exciting, unparalleled new technology. This paper presents a new visible light positioning algorithm system based on position by utilized neural network, which depending on directly measured received signal strength (RSS) information of 3D coordinates. This algorithm is called light positioning algorithm neural network (LPANN) which used 5 laser diodes LDs, each one consists of 5×5 LD chips. In addition, a novel multi Input multiple output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based VLC systems generalized laser diodes (LD) modulation scheme as second part of this paper that is called Zero Forcing Equalizer Neural network ZFENN algorithm which based on 4 × 4 optical MIMO-VLC. It is accomplished by using LD index modulation and spatial multiplexing. Actual and imaginary parts of the complex time domain OFDM signals are therefore separated first and then, bipolar signals are transmitted through VLC channels by encoding sign-information in LD indexes. In addition, a novel receiver configuration is also suggested for flat frequency or limited channel scenarios. Based on the results of this analysis, the positioning accuracy have been improved, so this is lead to enhance data rate. While, by using the second part of the MIMO-OFDM system that leads to enhancing the SNR and BER more than 10-4, which are introduced to eliminate multi-user interference (MUI)

Evaluation of the Contents of the Five Stars Hotel Website and Customer Orientation

The objectives of this study are multifold: to investigate the functionality of hotel websites through a content review and to gauge customer perceptions of the value of hotel website design. To conduct the study, hotel websites were combed for numerical and visual information. Providers of information are evaluated based on their unique and comprehensive expertise measurements. The research is based on two key components: a report on all 37 five-star hotels in Jordan that analyzes their website layout in terms of population, and a survey of 100 hotel guests to ascertain how they interpret hotel websites. This proposed study is the first of its kind, with the objective of establishing a methodology for evaluating all hotel measurements provided by hotel websites. The following are the findings: When the independent variable (marketing orientation) has a value of T = 7.519, the coefficient of simple linear regression has statistical significance (Customer Orientation). The fact that Aqaba Zone Advertising and Customer Oriented Classified Hotels have a statistically significant effect on their categorization is acknowledged, as Aqaba Zone Advertising and Customer Oriented Classified Hotels have a significant effect on the coefficient of simple linear regression equation (0.605). As a result, hotel management may employ a specific predictive evaluation model to analyze their hotels websites from two perspectives: that of the management team and that of the consumers. For the first time, this analysis brings together claims from both perspectives (hotel managers and clients)

Performance analysis of image transmission with various channel conditions/modulation techniques

This paper investigates the impact of different modulation techniques for digital communication systems that employ quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM and 64-QAM) to transmit images over AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels for the cellular mobile networks. In the further steps, wiener and median filters has been adopted to the simulation are used at the receiver side to remove the impulsive noise present in the received image. This work is performed to evaluate the transmission of two dimensional (2D) gray-scale and color-scale (RGB) images with different values from signal to noise ratios (SNR), such as; (5, 10 and 15) dB over different channels. The correct conclusions are made by comparing many of the observed Matlab simulation results. This was carried out through the results that measure the quality of received image, which is analyzes in terms of SNRimage peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE)

Performance analysis of image transmission with various channel conditions/modulation techniques

This paper investigates the impact of different modulation techniques for digital communication systems that employ quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM and 64-QAM) to transmit images over AWGN and Rayleigh fading channels for the cellular mobile networks. In the further steps, wiener and median filters has been adopted to the simulation are used at the receiver side to remove the impulsive noise present in the received image. This work is performed to evaluate the transmission of two dimensional (2D) gray-scale and color-scale (RGB) images with different values from signal to noise ratios (SNR), such as; (5, 10 and 15) dB over different channels. The correct conclusions are made by comparing many of the observed Matlab simulation results. This was carried out through the results that measure the quality of received image, which is analyzes in terms of SNRimage peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and mean square error (MSE)

Study of the Cure Reaction of Epoxy Resin Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol-A (DGEBA) with Meta- Phenylene Diamine

The cure process of epoxy resin diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A (DGEBA) with aromatic amine (m-PDA) as curing agent was studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) Perkin Elmer Pyris 6, at ratio (15 phr). Isothermal DSC measurements were conducted between 80 and 110 oC, at 10 oC intervals. The maximum degree of cure at isothermal cure temperature 110 oC was 0.9. The isothermal cure process was simulated with Kamal modifier with diffusion model, the model agrees well with the experimental data. For dynamic cure process, the activation energy was determined by two methods. One was based on Kissinger and Ozawa approach, given only one activation energy for the whole curing process. There was a slightly difference between the obtained activation energy and pre-exponential factor, 63.6 and 70.7 kJ mol-1 respectively. Another method was based on isoconversional, given activation energy at any conversion, and observed the Ea decrease with increment conversion (67-63) KJ/mol