Winter Grazing and Feeding Systems in Western Canada

Beef cow calf producers in Western Canada are looking for methods of extending the grazing season into the winter in order to lower winter feed costs. Dry beef cows were early or late weaned and grazed during the early months of winter on late seeded barley swaths (Hardlum vulgare L.) and compared to cows fed barley silage and free choice barley straw in a feeding yard. The swath grazed barley was late seeded in June and swathed in the silage stage in mid September. Cows successfully swath grazed for three winters from mid November until mid to late February with no major differences in animal performance The swath grazing system has less labour, less stored feeding and handling costs and less manure hauling costs than cows wintered on stored feeds in a feeding yard

Local and nonlocal solvable structures in ODEs reduction

Solvable structures, likewise solvable algebras of local symmetries, can be used to integrate scalar ODEs by quadratures. Solvable structures, however, are particularly suitable for the integration of ODEs with a lack of local symmetries. In fact, under regularity assumptions, any given ODE always admits solvable structures even though finding them in general could be a very difficult task. In practice a noteworthy simplification may come by computing solvable structures which are adapted to some admitted symmetry algebra. In this paper we consider solvable structures adapted to local and nonlocal symmetry algebras of any order (i.e., classical and higher). In particular we introduce the notion of nonlocal solvable structure

New results on group classification of nonlinear diffusion-convection equations

Using a new method and additional (conditional and partial) equivalence transformations, we performed group classification in a class of variable coefficient $(1+1)$-dimensional nonlinear diffusion-convection equations of the general form $f(x)u_t=(D(u)u_x)_x+K(u)u_x.$ We obtain new interesting cases of such equations with the density $f$ localized in space, which have large invariance algebra. Exact solutions of these equations are constructed. We also consider the problem of investigation of the possible local trasformations for an arbitrary pair of equations from the class under consideration, i.e. of describing all the possible partial equivalence transformations in this class.Comment: LaTeX2e, 19 page

Bacterial factors of cariogenicity (literature review)

Introduction: According to the 2003 WHO report, dental caries affects from 60% to 90% of school-age children and adults that makes it one of the most common diseases worldwide. The aim was to systematize data about the modern conception of plaque formation and role of microorganisms in its development.Materials and methods: Biblosemantic, 50 medical literature sources were systematically reviewed as the material for the research.Review: According to Miller's theory, oral microorganisms can decompose dietary carbohydrates into acids, which in turn dissolve the calcium phosphates found in the enamel, causing it demineralisation Along with Streptococcus mutans, nowadays some other bacteria as Streptococcus sorbinus, Lactobacillus spp. and Actinomyces spp. have been well studied as caries contributors. However, the disease is related to plaque-mediated, because a much larger number of normal oral microflora representatives are involved in creating favourable preconditions for its development. There are a lot of original research papers about a role of bacteria in caries decay but compositions and characters of oral microflora are changing nowadays. Therefore, authors show the main cariogenic bacteria and their factors of pathogenicity which create special conditions for caries lesions. Modern concepts of dental plaque formation and pathogenesis of plaque-assosiative diseases are presented according to the new actual dental research. A lot of attention is paid to the biochemical properties of cariogenic bacteria and chemical process in biofilm. Role of acid and alkali production by oral bacteria in caries decay are shown in this article. Moreover, mechanisms of bacterial acid-fast and acid-tolerance are presented.Conclusions: Analysis of literature demonstrates a lot of bacterial pathogenicity factors which play key role in caries development

Realizations of Real Low-Dimensional Lie Algebras

Using a new powerful technique based on the notion of megaideal, we construct a complete set of inequivalent realizations of real Lie algebras of dimension no greater than four in vector fields on a space of an arbitrary (finite) number of variables. Our classification amends and essentially generalizes earlier works on the subject. Known results on classification of low-dimensional real Lie algebras, their automorphisms, differentiations, ideals, subalgebras and realizations are reviewed.Comment: LaTeX2e, 39 pages. Essentially exetended version. Misprints in Appendix are correcte

Group Analysis of Variable Coefficient Diffusion-Convection Equations. I. Enhanced Group Classification

We discuss the classical statement of group classification problem and some its extensions in the general case. After that, we carry out the complete extended group classification for a class of (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear diffusion--convection equations with coefficients depending on the space variable. At first, we construct the usual equivalence group and the extended one including transformations which are nonlocal with respect to arbitrary elements. The extended equivalence group has interesting structure since it contains a non-trivial subgroup of non-local gauge equivalence transformations. The complete group classification of the class under consideration is carried out with respect to the extended equivalence group and with respect to the set of all point transformations. Usage of extended equivalence and correct choice of gauges of arbitrary elements play the major role for simple and clear formulation of the final results. The set of admissible transformations of this class is preliminary investigated.Comment: 25 page

ЩОДО ДІЄВОСТІ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ МЕТОДИЧНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ В НАВЧАЛЬНОМУ ПРОЦЕСІ НА КАФЕДРІ МІКРОБІОЛОГІЇ, ВІРУСОЛОГІЇ ТА ІМУНОЛОГІЇ

The aim of the study – to improve the mastery of the topic "Salmonella. Microbiological diagnosis of typhoid fever" in the educational process at the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology.Materials and Methods. Development by the Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology a table which identified a correlation between clinical course, peculiarities of pathogenesis and clinical material, and development schemes of microbiological diagnosis of typhoid and paratyphoid.Results and Discussion. Students get training and methodological support such as convenient tables and diagrams of microbiological diagnosis of typhoid and paratyphoid for efficient acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical skills.Conclusions. The table that introduces the principles of microbiological diagnostics of infectious diseases according to the pathogenesis and clinical disease for students can be used by teacher at a practical class on the topic “Salmonella. Microbiological diagnosis of typhoid and paratyphoid fever”. Such teaching at the present stage will facilitate the development of these topics at the Department of Infectious Diseases and orient future doctors in choosing appropriate methods of microbiological diagnostics in the making of the final clinical diagnosis. Thus, students get one more training and methodological support for qualitative acquisition of theoretical knowledge and practical skills.Мета дослідження – поліпшення опанування теми «Сальмонели. Мікробіологічна діагностика черевного тифу» в навчальному процесі на кафедрі мікробіології, вірусології та імунології.Матеріали та методи дослідження. Розробка кафедрою мікробіології, вірусології та імунології таблиці, в якій визначена кореляція між клінічним перебігом, особливостями патогенезу і видом клінічного матеріалу, та розробка схеми мікробіологічної діагностики черевного тифу і паратифів.Результати й обговорення.Студенти отримують навчально-методичну підтримку у вигляді зручної таблиці і схеми мікробіологічної діагностики черевного тифу та паратифів для якісного набуття теоретичних знань і практичних навичок.Висновки. Під час розгляду теми «Сальмонели. Мікробіологічна діагностика черевного тифу та паратифів» на практичному занятті викладачем може бути використана таблиця, яка ознайомить студентів із принципами мікробіологічної діагностики інфекційних захворювань, що залежать від патогенезу та клінічної картини захворювання. Таке викладання матеріалу на сучасному етапі буде сприяти опануванню цих тем на кафедрі інфекційних хвороб та орієнтує майбутніх лікарів в обранні адекватних методів мікробіологічної діагностики при постановці кінцевого клінічного діагнозу. Таким чином, студенти отримують ще одну навчально-методичну підтримку для якісного набуття теоретичних знань і практичних навичок

Neutrophil bactericidal activity through the stages of placement of different dental implants depending on their chemical composition

Introduction: The analysis of data provided by implant system manufacturers has demonstrated that implants, i.e. parts screwed into the bone, are of different chemical composition of the implant. Sometimes they have little amount of metal contaminants,which are not biologically passive. The aim: To explore the effects produced by dental titanium implants containing metal contaminants on the stimulation of antimicrobial properties of neutrophils. Material and Methods: A total of 24 patients who had from 1 to 4 titanium implants with different chemical compositions were subjected to the comprehensive check-up to this end. The functional activity of neutrophils was evaluated by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. It was dynamically in 5-7 days after the implant fitting into the bone, and in 3 months after the procedure of implant placement. Results: On the 5-7th day following the placement of implants with weight percentage of titanium (Ti) in the composition from 25 to 50%, the share of active neutrophils significantly increased compared with share of active neutrophils prior the surgical procedure. However, after 3 months, this parameter in patients with implants, whose titanium content was low, remained significantly high. Conclusions: The placement of dental implants systems led to an increase in the share of active neutrophils in the peripheral blood of the patients in 5-7 days following the procedure of implant insertion. However, this indicator for implant systems with a higher content of Ti in the remote period returned to its original value, which indicates their higher biocompatibility with the tissues of the human body

Consensus-based antimicrobial resistance and stewardship competencies for UK undergraduate medical students.

BACKGROUND: In the UK there is limited coverage of antimicrobial stewardship across postgraduate curricula and evidence that final year medical students have insufficient and inconsistent antimicrobial stewardship teaching. A national undergraduate curriculum for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship is required to standardize an adequate level of understanding for all future doctors. OBJECTIVES: To provide a UK national consensus on competencies for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship for undergraduate medical education. METHODS: Using the modified Delphi method over two online survey rounds, an expert panel comprising leads for infection teaching from 25 UK medical schools reviewed competency descriptors for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship education. RESULTS: There was a response rate of 100% with all 28 experts who agreed to take part completing both survey rounds. Following the first-round survey, of the initial 55 descriptors, 43 reached consensus (78%). The second-round survey included the 12 descriptors from the first round in which agreement had not been reached, four amended descriptors and 12 new descriptors following qualitative feedback from the panel members. Following the second-round survey, a total of 58 consensus-based competency descriptors within six overarching domains were identified. CONCLUSIONS: The consensus-based competency descriptors defined here can be used to inform standards, design curricula, develop assessment tools and direct UK undergraduate medical education