characterizing traditional rice varieties grown in temperate regions of italy free and bound phenolic and lipid compounds and in vitro antioxidant properties

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Detection and Characterization of Porcine Sapelovirus in Italian Pig Farms

Porcine sapelovirus (PSV) belongs to the genus Sapelovirus of the family Picornaviridae. PSV infects pigs asymptomatically, but it can also cause severe neurologic, enteric, and respiratory symptoms or reproductive failure. Sapelovirus infections have been reported worldwide in pigs. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and the prevalence of PSV in Italian swine farms in animals of different ages to clarify the occurrence of the infection and the genetic characteristics of circulating strains. In the present study, 92 pools of fecal samples, collected from pigs across three farms, were analyzed by Reverse Transcriptase-polymerase Chain Reaction-PCR (RT-PCR). Fecal pools from young growers (63/64) were found positive for Sapelovirus in all farms while detection in sows (4/28) was observed in only one farm. Phylogenetic analyses of the 19 partial capsid protein nucleotide sequences (VP1) (6\u20137 each farm) enable the classification of the virus sequences into three distinct clades and highlighted the high heterogeneity within one farm. The whole genome sequence obtained from one strain showed the highest correlation with the Italian strain detected in 2015. The study adds novel information about the circulation and heterogeneity of PSV strains in Italy and considering the movement of pigs across Europe would also be informative for other countries

Efficient methylation of anilines with methanol catalysed by cyclometalated ruthenium complexes

Cyclometalated ruthenium complexes4-10allow the effective methylation of anilines with methanol to selectively giveN-methylanilines. This hydrogen autotransfer procedure proceeds under mild conditions (60 °C) in a practical manner (NaOH as base). Mechanistic investigations suggest an active homogenous ruthenium complex and β-hydride elimination of methanol as the rate determining step. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2021

A Zinc-Mediated Deprotective Annulation Approach to New Polycyclic Heterocycles

A straightforward approach to new polycyclic heterocycles, 1H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-c][1,3]oxazin-1-ones, is presented. It is based on the ZnCl2-promoted deprotective 6-endo-dig heterocyclization of N-Boc-2-alkynylbenzimidazoles under mild conditions (CH2Cl2, 40 °C for 3 h). The zinc center plays a dual role, as it promotes Boc deprotection (with formation of the tert-butyl carbocation, which can be trapped by substrates bearing a nucleophilic group) and activates the triple bond toward intramolecular nucleophilic attack by the carbamate group. The structure of representative products has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis

Auto-Tandem Catalysis in Ionic Liquids: Synthesis of 2-Oxazolidinones by Palladium-Catalyzed Oxidative Carbonylation of Propargylic Amines in EmimEtSO4

A convenient carbonylative approach to 2-oxazolidinone derivatives carried out using an Department of Chemistry, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy; ionic liquid (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium nicola.ethyl sulfate, EmimEtSO4 ) as the solvent is presented. It is based on the sequential concatenation of two catalytic cycles, both catalyzed by the same metal species (auto-tandem catalysis): the first cycle corresponds to the oxidative monoaminocarbonylation of the triple bond of Received: propargylic 16 June 2016; amines Accepted: to give 5 July 2016; the Published: corresponding date 2-ynamide intermediates, while the second one involves the cyclocarbonylation of the latter to yield 2-(2-oxooxazolidin-5-ylidene)-acetamides. Abstract: A convenient carbonylative approach to 2-oxazolidinone derivatives carried out using an Reactions areionic carried liquid out (1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium using a simple catalytic ethyl system sulfate, EmimEtSO4) consisting as ofthe PdI solvent2 in conjunction is presented. It is with an excess of KI, and thebased catalyst/solvent on the sequential system concatenation could of two be recycled catalytic cycles, several both catalyzed times without by the same appreciable metal species loss of activity (auto-tandem catalysis): the first cycle corresponds to the oxidative monoaminocarbonylation of the after extraction of the organic product with Et2 O

New Polymeric Films with Antibacterial Activity Obtained by UV-induced Copolymerization of Acryloyloxyalkyltriethylammonium Salts with 2- Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate

- Article on the development of new polymeric films with antibacterial activity obtained by UV-induced copolymerization of some polymerizable surfactants (acryloyloxyalkyltriethylammonium bromides, in particular) with commercially available 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate - Raw data Abstract of the paper: New polymeric films with antibacterial activity have been prepared, by simple UV-induced copolymerization of readily available omega-(acryloyloxy)-N,N,N-triethylalcan-1-aminium bromides (or acryloyloxyalkyltriethylammonium bromides, AATEABs) with commercially available 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), at different relative amounts. In particular, the antibacterial activity of polymeric films derived from 11-(acryloyloxy)-N,N,N-triethylundecan-1-aminium bromide (or acryloyloxyundecyltriethylammonium bromide, AUTEAB; bearing a C-11 alkyl chain linker between the acrylate polymerization function and the quaternary ammonium moiety) and 12-(acryloyloxy)-N,N,N-triethyldodecan-1-aminium bromide (or acryloyloxydodecyltriethylammonium bromide, ADTEB, bearing a C-12 alkyl chain linker) has been assessed against Gram-negative Escherichia Coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus cells. The results obtained have shown a clear concentration-dependent activity against both bacterial strains, the films obtained from homopolymerization of pure AUTEAB and ADTEAB being the most e ective. Moreover, ADTEAB-based films showed a higher antibacterial activity with respect to the AUTEAB-based ones. Interestingly, however, both types of films presented a significant activity not only toward Gram-positive S. aureus, but also toward Gram-negative E. Coli cells

Synthesis of Imidazolidin-2-ones and Imidazol-2-ones via Base-Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroamidation of Propargylic Ureas under Ambient Conditions

The first organo-catalyzed synthesis of imidazolidin-2-ones and imidazol-2-ones via intramolecular hydroamidation of propargylic ureas is reported. The phosphazene base BEMP turned out to be the most active organo-catalyst compared with guanidine and amidine bases. Excellent chemo- and regioselectivities to five-membered cyclic ureas have been achieved under ambient conditions, with a wide substrate scope and exceptionally short reaction times (down to 1 min). A base-mediated isomerization step to an allenamide intermediate is the most feasible reaction pathway to give imidazol-2-ones, as suggested by DFT studies

A palladium iodide-catalyzed oxidative aminocarbonylation–heterocyclization approach to functionalized benzimidazoimidazoles

A novel carbonylative approach to the synthesis of functionalized 1H-benzo[d]imidazo[1,2-a]imidazoles is presented. The method consists of the oxidative aminocarbonylation of N-substituted-1-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-amines, carried out in the presence of secondary nucleophilic amines, to give the corresponding alkynylamide intermediates, followed by in situ conjugated addition and double-bond isomerization, to give 2-(1-alkyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazo[1,2-a]imidazol-2-yl)acetamides. Products were obtained in good to excellent yields (64–96%) and high turnover numbers (192–288 mol of product per mol of catalyst) under relatively mild conditions (100 °C under 20 atm of a 4:1 mixture of CO–air), using a simple catalytic system, consisting of PdI2 (0.33 mol %) in conjunction with KI (0.33 equiv)

Novel low-fouling membrane bioreactor (MBR) for industrial wastewater treatment

A novel antifouling coating of ultrafiltration (UF) commercial membranes, based on a polymerisable bicontinuous microemulsion (PBM) technique, was developed and tested for the first time in a membrane bioreactor (MBR) using an artificial model textile dye wastewater and compared with a commercial uncoated UF membrane. The results showed that the commercial MBR module faced severe fouling problems whereas the novel coated PBM MBR module reduced the fouling significantly. The analysis of fouling rate using a resistance model confirms that PBM coated membrane has a higher antifouling effect. The antimicrobial properties of the PBM membrane contributed by polymerisable cationic surfactant acryloyloxyundecyltriethylammonium bromide (AUTEAB) guaranteed an anti-biofouling effect preventing the growth of microorganisms on the membrane surface. In addition, the PBM MBR module showed 10±1% higher blue dye removal efficiency and a similar rate of COD removal efficiency of about 95±1% compared to commercial module. However, water permeability was slightly lower due to extra resistance of the PBM coating. Root mean squared (RMS) roughness measurement and analysis of AFM images confirmed that the stable novel membrane coating still existed and showed antimicrobial effect even after 105 days of operation. The results obtained demonstrated the potential of the low fouling PBM membrane.European Union within BioNexGen project (CP-FP-246039-2 EU-FP7

The Burden of NAFLD and Its Characteristics in a Nationwide Population with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective. We studied the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its clinical correlates in a population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods. Clinical data of 94,577 T2DM patients were retrieved from 160 diabetes clinics in Italy in a standardized format and centrally analyzed anonymously. After exclusion of 5967 cases (high or uncertain alcohol intake), in 38,880 the Fatty Liver Index (FLI) was used as a proxy for the diagnosis of NAFLD. Factors associated with FLI assessed NAFLD (FLI-NAFLD) were evaluated through multivariate analysis. Results. FLI-NAFLD was present in 59.6% of patients. Compared to non-NAFLD, FLI-NAFLD was associated with impairment in renal function, higher albumin excretion, HbA1c and blood pressure, lower HDL cholesterol, and poorer quality of care. ALT was within normal limits in 73.6% of FLI-NAFLD patients (45.6% if the updated reference values were used). The prevalence of FLI-NAFLD did not differ if the whole sample (94,577 cases) was examined, irrespective of alcohol intake. Conclusions. FLI-NAFLD was present in the majority of T2DM patients of our sample and metabolic derangement, not alcohol consumption, was mainly associated with the disease. FLI-NAFLD patients have a worse metabolic profile. ALT levels are not predictive of NAFLD