The Dynamics of Spatial Labor Mobility in The Netherlands

The spatial mobility of labor changes over time. Both the general propensity to migrate and the spatial allocation of mobile people over regions of destination are characterized by important dynamic properties. This paper discusses several factors that may explain these dynamic properties of internal labor migration. We focus especially on the influence of labor market and housing conditions on the mobility of people. A two-stage, generation-allocation model is proposed, to investigate the role of different factors in the explanation of aggregate interregional migration flows. This model is applied to recent data on interprovincial labor migration in the Netherlands. The results indicate that housing supply seems to be an important determinant of temporal developments of spatial mobility, and also that the conditions of national and regional labor markets are associated with specific properties of recent migration patterns

Estimation and Interpretation of a Nonlinear Migration Model

This paper provides a practical guide to using a two-level logistic model to analyze macro migration data. It explains the estimation method, provides subroutines for carrying out the estimation through a program in the BMDP package, and uses an empirical example to show how the parameters are to be estimated and interpreted

Saturation Effects in Deep Inelastic Scattering at low Q2Q^2 and its Implications on Diffraction

We present a model based on the concept of saturation for small $Q^2$ and small $x$. With only three parameters we achieve a good description of all Deep Inelastic Scattering data below $x=0.01$. This includes a consistent treatment of charm and a successful extrapolation into the photoproduction regime. The same model leads to a roughly constant ratio of diffractive and inclusive cross section.Comment: 24 pages, 12 figures, Latex-fil

Geometric Scaling in Inclusive Charm Production

We show that the cross section for inclusive charm production exhibits geometric scaling in a large range of photon virtualities. In the HERA kinematic domain the saturation momentum $Q_{sat}^2(x)$ stays below the hard scale $\mu_c^2=4m_c^2$, implying charm production probing mostly the color transparency regime and unitarization effects being almost negligible. We derive our results considering two saturation models which are able to describe the DESY ep collider HERA data for the proton structure function at small values of the Bjorken variable $x$. A striking feature is the scaling on $\tau=Q_2^2/Q_{sat}^2(x)$ above saturation limit, corroborating recent theoretical studies.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Version to be published in Physical Review Letter

Dynamical steering in an electron transfer surface reaction: Oriented NO(v = 3, 0.08 < E i < 0.89 eV) relaxation in collisions with a Au(111) surface.

We report measurements of the incidence translational energy dependence of steric effects in collisions of NO(v = 3) molecules with a Au(111) surface using a recently developed technique to orient beams of vibrationally excited NO molecules at incidence energies of translation between 0.08 and 0.89 eV. Incidence orientation dependent vibrational state distributions of scattered molecules are detected by means of resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization spectroscopy. Molecules oriented with the N-end towards the surface exhibit a higher vibrational relaxation probability than those oriented with the O-end towards the surface. This strong orientation dependence arises from the orientation dependence of the underlying electron transfer reaction responsible for the vibrational relaxation. At reduced incidence translational energy, we observe a reduced steric effect. This reflects dynamical steering and re-orientation of the NO molecule upon its approach to the surface

Odderon in the Color Glass Condensate

We discuss the definition and the energy evolution of scattering amplitudes with $C$-odd ("odderon") quantum numbers within the effective theory for the Color Glass Condensate (CGC) endowed with the functional, JIMWLK, evolution equation. We explicitly construct gauge-invariant amplitudes describing multiple odderon exchanges in the scattering between the CGC and two types of projectiles: a color--singlet quark--antiquark pair (or `color dipole') and a system of three quarks in a colorless state. We deduce the energy evolution of these amplitudes from the general JIMWLK equation, which for this purpose is recast in a more synthetic form, which is manifestly infrared finite. For the dipole odderon, we confirm and extend the non--linear evolution equations recently proposed by Kovchegov, Szymanowski and Wallon, which couple the evolution of the odderon to that of the pomeron, and predict the rapid suppression of the odderon exchanges in the saturation regime at high energy. For the 3--quark system, we focus on the linear regime at relatively low energy, where our general equations are shown to reduce to the Bartels--Kwiecinski--Praszalowicz equation. Our gauge--invariant amplitudes, and the associated evolution equations, stay explicitly outside the M\"obius representation, which is the Hilbert space where the BFKL Hamiltonian exhibits holomorphic separability.Comment: 43 pages, 1 figur

Effective action for the Regge processes in gravity

It is shown, that the effective action for the reggeized graviton interactions can be formulated in terms of the reggeon fields $A^{++}$ and $A^{--}$ and the metric tensor $g_{\mu \nu}$ in such a way, that it is local in the rapidity space and has the property of general covariance. The corresponding effective currents $j^{-}$ and $j^{+}$ satisfy the Hamilton-Jacobi equation for a massless particle moving in the gravitational field. These currents are calculated explicitly for the shock wave-like fields and a variation principle for them is formulated. As an application, we reproduce the effective lagrangian for the multi-regge processes in gravity together with the graviton Regge trajectory in the leading logarithmic approximation with taking into account supersymmetric contributions.Comment: 39 page

Spin dependent structure function g_1 at low x and low Q^2

Theoretical description of the spin dependent structure function g_1(x,Q^2) in the region of low values of x and Q^2 is presented. It contains the Vector Meson Dominance contribution and the QCD improved parton model suitably extended to the low Q^2 domain. Theoretical predictions are compared with the recent experimental data in the low x, low Q^2 region

QCD analysis of the diffractive structure function F_2^{D(3)}

The proton diffractive structure function $F_2^{D(3)}$ measured in the H1 and ZEUS experiments at HERA is analyzed in terms of both Regge phenomenology and perturbative QCD evolution. A new method determines the values of the Regge intercepts in ``hard'' diffraction, confirming a higher value of the Pomeron intercept than for soft physics. The data are well described by a QCD analysis in which point-like parton distributions, evolving according to the DGLAP equations, are assigned to the leading and sub-leading Regge exchanges. The gluon distributions are found to be quite different for H1 and ZEUS. A {\it global fit} analysis, where a higher twist component is taken from models, allows us to use data in the whole available range in diffractive mass and gives a stable answer for the leading twist contribution. We give sets of quark and gluon parton distributions for the Pomeron, and predictions for the charm and the longitudinal proton diffractive structure function from the QCD fit. An extrapolation to the Tevatron range is compared with CDF data on single diffraction. Conclusions on factorization breaking depend critically whether H1 (strong violation) or ZEUS (compatibility at low $\beta$) fits are taken into account.Comment: 24 page