Incidência e resultados do tratamento da retinopatia da prematuridade no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil

Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity is a leading cause of blindness in children. This paper aims to evaluate the incidence, the rate of diode laser treatment and the six-month outcomes in all very low birth weight preterm infants from Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, between October 2002 and October 2006, screened for the disease according to the Brazilian recommendations. Methods: A prospective cohort was conducted on 322 premature children with birth weight ≤1.500 grams or a gestational age at birth ≤32 weeks. All patients were examined by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy with pupil’s dilation after the 6th week of life. The examination were repeated depending on the disease classification. Results: Retinopathy of prematurity occurred in 82 infants in an incidence rate of 25.47%. Threshold disease occurred in 18 of the patients (5.59%). All of them had the disease affecting posterior Zone II needing laser treatment under general anesthesia or sedation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unity. Three of the treated children needed a second laser session. One patient of the re-treated group needed scleral buckling surgery with an equatorial silicon band after progression for stage 4 of ROP. One patient missed the opportunity for laser and the disease progressed to stage 5 of ROP and blindness. Conclusions: The incidence of retinopathy at our institution was similar to international results and also the percentage of threshold disease needing treatment. Laser photocoagulation was effective to stabilize the disease among 17 treated patients. One non-treated patient had evolution for blindness

PREVALÊNCIA DA RETINOPATIA DA PREMATURIDADE NO CENTRO DE NEONATOLOGIA DO HOSPITAL DE CLÍNICAS DE PORTO ALEGRE

Objetivo: Estudar a prevalência da retinopatia da prematuridade em recém-nascidos prematuros, nascidos no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre entre outubro de 2002 e agosto de 2005. Métodos: Estudo transversal de 220 crianças prematuras nascidas com peso igual ou inferior a 1.500 gramas e/ou com idade gestacional igual ou menor do que 32 semanas, examinadas no centro de neonatologia, após dilatação das pupilas, sempre a partir da sextasemana de vida. Resultados: A retinopatia da prematuridade ocorreu em 61 (61/220) prematuros, em um percentual de 27,73%. A doença atingiu estadiamento 1 em 12,73% dos casos (28/220), estadiamento 2 em 9,55% dos casos (21/220) e estadiamento 3 em 5% dos casos (11/220). Apenas uma das crianças atingiu o estadiamento 5 da doença, em 0,45% dos casos (1/220).Conclusões: O percentual de 27,73% de retinopatia encontrado foi similar ao de outros trabalhos internacionais com o mesmo delineamento, assim como o percentual de 5% de retinopatia no estágio 3. Apenas um dos prematuros desenvolveu a doença até o estágio mais grave (5), havendo 0,45% de cegueira pela retinopatia da prematuridade no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre.Unitermos: Retinopatia da prematuridade, prevalência, cegueira, prevenção

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Incidência e resultados do tratamento da retinopatia da prematuridade no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brasil

Objetivos: Avaliar a incidência geral da Retinopatia da Prematuridade (ROP) e a incidência da ROP em forma severa necessitando tratamento, assim como a evolução aos seis meses de idade nos nascidos pretermo admitidos na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre entre outubro de 2002 e outubro de 2006. Métodos: Estudo de coorte, prospectivo, incluindo todos os pretermos com peso de nascimento *1.500 gramas ou com idade gestacional *32 semanas que sobreviveram até o momento do exame oftalmológico inicial. Todos foram examinados por oftalmoscopia binocular indireta entre a 4ª e a 6ª semana de vida com reavaliações periódicas de acordo com os achados baseados na Classificação Internacional da ROP. Resultados: A ROP afetou 82 pacientes (25,5%). A doença severa necessitando tratamento ocorreu em 18 pacientes (5,6%). Dezessete pacientes realizaram tratamento de fotocoagulação por laser diodo. Três das crianças tratadas necessitaram uma segunda sessão de tratamento. Um dos pacientes re-tratados evoluiu com progressão necessitando cirurgia de retinopexia com banda de silicone epi-escleral. Um paciente perdeu a oportunidade do tratamento e desenvolveu cegueira total bilateral. Conclusões: A incidência da doença bem como o percentual de crianças necessitando tratamento na instituição foi similar ao encontrado em outros centros internacionais. O tratamento foi eficiente para estabilizar e evitar a progressão para cegueira em 17 pacientes admitidos no hospital durante o período do estudo.Objectives: This paper aims to evaluate the overall incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), the rate of treatment in severe ROP, and the six-month outcomes in all preterm infants screened for ROP at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Brazil, between October 2002 and October 2006, Methods: A prospective cohort study included all premature children born with birth weight *1,500 grams or a gestational age at birth *32 weeks. All patients were examined by indirect binocular ophthalmoscopy between the 4th and the 6th week of life. The examinations were repeated depending on the disease classification according the International Classification of ROP. Results: Three hundred-twenty-two preterm infants were included in this study. ROP occurred in 82 infants (25.5%). Severe ROP occurred in 18 patients (5.6%). Seventeen of these were treated by diode laser photocoagulation. Three of the treated children needed a second laser session. One patient of the re-treated group needed scleral buckling surgery with an equatorial silicon band after progression for stage 4 of ROP. One patient missed the opportunity for laser and the disease progressed to stage 5 of ROP and blindness. Conclusions: The incidence of retinopathy at our institution was similar to international results as well the as percentage of severe disease needing treatment. Laser photocoagulation was effective to stabilize the disease among 17 treated patients