Infinite-dimensional representations of the rotation group and Dirac's monopole problem

Within the context of infinite-dimensional representations of the rotation group the Dirac monopole problem is studied in details. Irreducible infinite-dimensional representations, being realized in the indefinite metric Hilbert space, are given by linear unbounded operators in infinite-dimensional topological spaces, supplied with a weak topology and associated weak convergence. We argue that an arbitrary magnetic charge is allowed, and the Dirac quantization condition can be replaced by a generalized quantization rule yielding a new quantum number, the so-called topological spin, which is related to the weight of the Dirac string.Comment: JHEP style. Extended version of hep-th/0403146. Revised version, title and some notations are changed. References and Appendix B are adde

Le travail des femmes à Frias : modèle andin et variante régionale

A Frias, dans les Andes de Piura, les femmes sont absentes des tâches de production agricole au sens strict. Une comparaison avec des études menées dans d'autres régions montre en quoi cette organisation diffère d'un modèle andin. Mais ce modèle est trompeur. Il recouvre une grande variété de situations. Entre autres facteurs, la reconstitution du passé d'un système de production est nécessaire pour comprendre son orientation actuelle. (Résumé d'auteur

Relación entre las concentraciones de polen aéreo de Artemisia, Chenopodiaceae, Plantago y Taraxacum y la prevalencia de polinosis en estudiantes universitarios de León

XV lnternational A.P.L.E. Symposium of Palynolog

Desarrollo de la Red Aerobiológica de Castilla y León (RACYL)

XV lnternational A.P.L.E. Symposium of Palynolog

One-year study of airborne sugar compounds: cross-interpretation with other chemical species and meteorological conditions

The daily evolution of seventeen sugar compounds (seven saccharides, seven alcohol-saccharides and three anhydrosaccharides) in atmospheric aerosol samples collected between 9 March 2016 and 14 March 2017 was studied in León (Spain). The main links between the concentration of sugar compounds and various chemical species, pollen, fungal spores and meteorological conditions were investigated. The results showed that, in spring, when high levels of metabolic activity of the plants occur and temperatures increase, glucose, sucrose, 2-methyl-erithritol, mannitol, arabitol and inositol, are significantly correlated with airborne pollen concentrations. Between spring and autumn, Alternaria air concentrations are significantly correlated with temperatures, arabitol and sorbitol + adonitol concentrations. Furthermore, during rainy days, Alternaria is also correlated with mannitol. In autumn, lower temperatures cause an increase in the concentrations of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan, probably due to the increased use of domestic heating devices. These anhydrosugars and arabinose, fructose and glucose, are significantly correlated with K, NO3−, EC, OC, Cu, Zn, Se, Pb, V and Ni, while mannosan also correlates with As, showing that these anhydrosaccharides can be emitted from different anthropogenic sources. Precipitation causes an increase in glucose and sucrose concentrations, due to the break of pollen particles that produce hundreds of fine size particles. Besides, precipitation causes an increase in arabitol concentrations, due to the release and growth of fungi.publishe

Modeling the Sources and Chemistry of Polar Tropospheric Halogens (Cl, Br, and I) Using the CAM-Chem Global Chemistry-Climate Model

31 pags., 12 figs., 6 tabs. -- Open Access funded by Creative Commons Atribution Licence 4.0. -- jame20925-sup-0001_Supporting_Information.pdfCurrent chemistry climate models do not include polar emissions and chemistry of halogens. This work presents the first implementation of an interactive polar module into the very short-lived (VSL) halogen version of the Community Atmosphere Model with Chemistry (CAM-Chem) model. The polar module includes photochemical release of molecular bromine, chlorine, and interhalogens from the sea-ice surface, and brine diffusion of iodine biologically produced underneath and within porous sea-ice. It also includes heterogeneous recycling of inorganic halogen reservoirs deposited over fresh sea-ice surfaces and snow-covered regions. The polar emission of chlorine, bromine, and iodine reach approximately 32, 250, and 39 Gg/year for Antarctica and 33, 271, and 4 Gg/year for the Arctic, respectively, with a marked seasonal cycle mainly driven by sunlight and sea-ice coverage. Model results are validated against polar boundary layer measurements of ClO, BrO, and IO, and satellite BrO and IO columns. This validation includes satellite observations of IO over inner Antarctica for which an iodine “leapfrog” mechanism is proposed to transport active iodine from coastal source regions to the interior of the continent. The modeled chlorine and bromine polar sources represent up to 45% and 80% of the global biogenic VSL and VSL emissions, respectively, while the Antarctic sea-ice iodine flux is ~10 times larger than that from the Southern Ocean. We present the first estimate of the contribution of polar halogen emissions to the global tropospheric halogen budget. CAM-Chem includes now a complete representation of halogen sources and chemistry from pole-to-pole and from the Earth's surface up to the stratopause.This study has been funded by the European Research Council Executive Agency under the European Union′s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation program (Project “ERC‐2016‐COG 726349 CLIMAHAL”) and supported by the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) of Spain. Computing resources, support, and data storage are provided and maintained by the Computational and Information System Laboratory from the National Center of Atmospheric Research (CISL,2017). R. P. F. would like to thank CONICET, ANPCyT (PICT 2015‐0714), UNCuyo (SeCTyP M032/3853), and UTN (PID 4920‐194/2018) for the financial support. Partial funding for this work was provided by the Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI) project (PE18200). The contributions of the University of Bremen have been supported by the State of Bremen, the German Research Foundation (DFG), the German Aerospace (DLR), and the European Space Agency (ESA). We gratefully acknowledge the funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) —Projektnummer 268020496—TRR 172, within the Transregional Collaborative Research Center “ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCe Processes,and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3 ” in subproject C03 as well as the support by the University of Bremen Institutional Strategy Measure M8 in the framework of the DFG Excellence Initiative

Present and potential erosion at Protected Landscape “El Rebollar” (Sierra de Gata – Salamanca)

Este estudio permitirá conocer la importancia de los procesos erosivos actuales y potenciales en estudios del medio físico, en zonas protegidas, lo que ayudará a tomar decisiones más adecuadas en la ordenación del territorio, y a establecer medidas de protección, con el fin de evitar la pé.rdida de suelo. Entre los muchos métodos para estudiar la erosión, se ha elegido el método USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) por erosión laminar y en regueros, al no requerir un gran volumen de datos de entrada y por haber sido aplicado a numerosos estudios ofreciendo buenos resultados, sin olvidar sus limitaciones y adaptándolo a la zona. Mediante el uso del SIG se han generado cartografías para cada uno de los parámetros de la USLE, a partir de las cuales se ha obtenido la erosión potencial y actual. Los resultados muestran que los valores potenciales de pérdida de suelo son débiles en la mayor parte, coincidiendo con los dominios geomorfológicos de pedimento y colinas y lomas. Las zonas más erosionables (erosión actual) coinciden con las de mayor altitud, en laderas con escasa vegetación en la vertiente norte de la Sierra de Francia, este de Martiago y en el escarpe e incisiones fluviales; atenuándose sensiblemente en la vertiente norte de la Sierra de Gata.This study will allow knowing the importance of present and potential erosive processes that will help to make adequate decisions in protected areas, and to establish protection measures if it would be necessary in order to avoid soil losses. Among all available methods to study soil erosion, the USLE (Universal Soil Loss Equation) one was chosen, because it is not necessary a huge volume of input data and it has been applied in several studies offering good results (it is important to know its limitations and to adapt it to the study area). Cartographies for each of the parameters in USLE equation were generated with the use of G.I.S, from which was calculated potential and present erosion. Results show that potential values of soil losses are low in the most of the area, coinciding with geomorphologic domains of pediment and hills. The areas more subject to erosion (present erosion) correspond to the ones with higher altitude, in slopes with limited vegetation in the north slope of Sierra de Francia, east of Martiago and in the fall scarp and fluvial incisions; decreasing considerably in the north slope of Sierra de Gata .Depto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN)Junta de Castilla y Leónpu

Association of STAT4 with rheumatoid arthritis:A replication study in three European populations

OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to investigate the previously reported association of the STAT4 polymorphism rs7574865 with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in 3 different European populations from Spain, Sweden, and The Netherlands, comprising a total of 2,072 patients and 2,474 controls. METHODS: Three different cohorts were included in the study: 923 RA patients and 1,296 healthy controls from Spain, 273 RA patients and 285 healthy controls from Sweden, and 876 RA patients and 893 healthy controls from The Netherlands. DNA from patients and controls was obtained from peripheral blood. Samples were genotyped for the STAT4 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs7574865 using a TaqMan 5'-allele discrimination assay. The chi-square test was performed to compare allele and genotype distributions. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. RESULTS: We observed a significantly increased frequency of the minor T allele in RA patients compared with healthy controls in the Spanish population (24.8% versus 20.8%; P = 0.001, OR 1.26 [95% CI 1.09-1.45]). This association was confirmed in both the Swedish population (P = 0.03, OR 1.35 [95% CI 1.03-1.77]) and the Dutch population (P = 0.03, OR 1.45 [95% CI 1.21-1.73]). The overall P value for all 3 populations was 9.79 x 10(-6) (OR 1.25 [95% CI 1.13-1.37]). No association between rs7574865 and the presence of rheumatoid factor or anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide autoantibodies was observed. A meta-analysis of all published STAT4 associations revealed an OR of 1.25 (95% CI 1.19-1.33) (P = 1 x 10(-5)). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate an association between the STAT4 polymorphism rs7574865 and RA in 3 different populations, from Spain, Sweden, and The Netherlands, thereby confirming previous data

Quality of life in hidradenitis suppurativa : Validation of the hsqol-24

Altres ajuts: reports grants, personal fees, non-financial support and other from Abbvie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer, Celgene, Janssen-Cilag, Leo Pharma, Lilly, MSD-Schering-Plough, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, outside the submitted work. TGC reports personal fees from Lilly and Novartis, outside the submitted work. LP reports grants and personal fees from AbbVie, Almirall, Amgen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Janssen, Leo-Pharma, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, and UCB, personal fees from Baxalta, Biogen, Fresenius-Kabi, JS Biocad, Mylan, Sandoz, Samsung-Bioepis, and Bristol Myers Squibb, outside the submitted work. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.To date, there are no disease-specific instruments in Spanish to assess quality of life of patients with hidra-denitis suppurativa. A multicentre study was pre-viously carried out in Spain between 2016 and 2017 to develop the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality of Life-24 (HSQoL-24), a disease-specific questionnaire to assess quality of life in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. The objectives of this study are to revali-date the HSQoL-24 in Spanish with a larger sample of patients, and to present the English version. In this multi centre study in Spain, patients with hidradenitis suppurativa completed the HSQoL-24, the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the Skindex-29. The Hurley staging system was used to assess the severity of the disease. Validation of the questionnaire was carried out in 130 patients, of whom 75 (57.7%) were women. This study demonstrates adequate values of reliability and validity of the HSQoL-24, confirming the previous test re-test validation and making this questionnaire one of wide clinical validity in terms of results perceiv-ed by patients