A simple and cost-effective method for cable root detection and extension measurement in estuary wetland forests

This work presents the development of a low-cost method to measure the length cable roots of black mangrove (Avicennia germinans) trees to define the boundaries of central part of the anchoring root system (CPRS) without the need to fully expose root systems. The method was tested to locate and measure the length shallow woody root systems. An ultrasonic Doppler fetal monitor (UD) and a stock of steel rods (SR) were used to probe root locations without removing sediments from the surface, measure their length and estimate root-soil plate dimensions. The method was validated by comparing measurements with root lengths taken through direct measurement of excavated cable roots and from root-soil plate radii (exposed root-soil material when a tree tips over) of five up-rooted trees with stem diameters (D130) ranging between 10 and 50 cm. The mean CPRS radius estimated with the use of the Doppler was directly correlated with tree stem diameter and was not significantly different from the root-soil plate mean radius measured from up-rooted trees or from CPRS approximated by digging trenches. Our method proved to be effective and reliable in following cable roots for large amounts of trees of both black and white mangrove trees. In a period of 40 days of work, three people were capable of measuring 648 roots belonging to 81 trees, out of which 37% were found grafted to other tree roots. This simple method can be helpful in following shallow root systems with minimal impact and help map root connection networks of grafted trees

INNOVACIÓN PARA COMERCIALIZACIÓN DE QUESOS ARTESANALES EN UNA MICROEMPRESA EN SAN ANDRÉS TUXTLA, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO / INNOVATION FOR MARKETING OF HANDMADE CHEESES IN MICRO-COMPANY IN SAN ANDRÉS TUXTLA, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO

Hoy en día muchas microempresas familiares por temor y/o desconocimiento al cambio se resisten a innovar, lo cual es muy común en estas organizaciones si no poseen una asesoría adecuada. Hay que reconocer el aumento de la competencia en el mercado de bienes, no solo exigente sino también complejo que invita a innovar en muchos ámbitos, como sería el de la comercialización y la forma de llevar el producto al consumidor, es decir innovar en empaque y envase, en la forma de distribución, embalaje y etiquetado, no solo para sobresalir sino también para mantenerse y posicionarse en el mercado de interés. La presente investigación surgió de la siguiente interrogante ¿qué procesos de innovación pueden favorecer la comercialización de quesos artesanales elaborados en la microempresa familiar “La Flor del Río” en San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz, México? Éste estudio de caso presenta en sus resultados un diagnóstico, identificando los problemas del esquema de comercialización de quesos artesanales de la microempresa en el mercado donde actualmente vende. A partir del estudio, se expone la propuesta a la microempresa para la innovación y comercialización de sus quesos artesanales en el mercado, el cual se ha mantenido hasta hoy en día, gracias a la calidad de sus procesos de producción artesanal (ventaja competitiva) y poder extenderse a nuevos mercados en los que tiene interés de incursionar

Envelhecimento na terceira idade

A população portuguesa é caracterizada pela sua maioria idosa, sendo esta uma realidade com tendência crescente nos próximos anos. Envelhecer é um processo natural e gradual do ser humano, caracterizado pela alteração no funcionamento do organismo, pela debilidade do sistema imunológico e maiores necessidades nutricionais. Estas transformações fisiológicas são frequentemente associadas ao aparecimento de doença. Na perspetiva de promover o envelhecimento ativo, este trabalho terá como alvo de estudo a alimentação e a sua influência no aparecimento e desenvolvimento de doença. Para tal, propomo-nos a contextualizar a saúde do idoso, as suas necessidades nutricionais com as doenças mais frequentas apresentadas pelo idoso, nomeadamente: as cardiovasculares, oncológicas, diabetes, neurodegenerativas, osteoporose e a desidratação. A incidência do estudo na alimentação tem como finalidade a consciencialização da sua prática como medida preventiva à doença, promovendo um envelhecimento ativo, qualidade de vida e o aumento da esperança média de vida.The elderly characterize the majority of the Portuguese population, a reality with an increasing trend for the coming years. Ageing is a natural and gradual process of the human being, characterized by changes in the functioning of the body, the weakness of the immune system and greater nutritional needs. Consequently, these physiological transformations are often associated with the onset of disease. In a perspective of promoting active ageing, this study will focus on nutrition and its influence on the onset and development of disease. To this end, we propose to contextualize the health of the elderly, their nutritional needs with the most frequent diseases presented by the elderly, namely: cardiovascular, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, osteoporosis and dehydration. The focus on diet aims to raise awareness of its practice as a preventive measure against the disease, promoting active ageing, quality of life and increased average life expectancy.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Propuesta de estrategia de coaching caso de estudio: Hotel del perímetro “A” de la ciudad de Veracruz / Proposta de estratégia de coaching caso de estudo: Hotel do perímetro "A" da cidade de Veracruz

Buscando ou desenvolvendo talentos organizacionais, várias empresas pelo mundo, desde Micro Pequenas e Médias Empresas (MiPymes) até grandes corporações, correm ou despenha-se de ter profissionais (Coach chamados) especializados para treinar seus gerentes, executivos e colaboradores, com o objetivo de gerar ou melhor skills neles. Portanto, o objetivo da investigação é fornecer uma estratégia de coaching para os funcionários de um hotel familiar na área "A" do Centro Histórico da Cidade de Veracruz. A metodologia utilizada foi a mesma, a técnica utilizada com base em inquéritos e entrevistas em profundidade, ou seja, o período aberto foi o primeiro semestre de 2017, evidenciado com base em 21 colaboradores do hotel Baluarte, uma vez que permitiu às instalações a realização do referido estudo . Nossos resultados são destacados pela falta de atitude pró-ativa por parte de alguns dirigentes hoteleiros, ocasionada pela desmotivação de seus gestores de área; Considera-se que as contribuições deste documento nos direcionarão a identificar quais serão as exigentes competências que os colaboradores precisarão fortalecer nas futuras demandas trabalhistas. O documento apresenta uma estratégia de coaching para ou acompanhando executivos, gestores e colaboradores

Prevalencia de diversos serovares de Leptospira interrogans en vacas no vacunadas en los estados de Puebla, Tabasco y Veracruz, México

The objective was to compare the prevalences of antibodies against different serovars of Leptospira interrogans among the states of Puebla, Tabasco and Veracruz, as well as among some of their municipalities, and to determine if the health status of the cows influences their fertility. Blood samples were taken from 423 cows (Bos taurus x Bos indicus and Bos indicus) from 24 ranches in 11 municipalities in the aforementioned states. The prevalences of the Hardjo and Inifap serovars were higher (P0.05). The number of serovars in the state of Veracruz was higher (P0.05); however, vaccination of cattle against Leptospira interrogans is recommended in order to decrease the risks associated with this bacterium in cattle and humans.El objetivo fue comparar las prevalencias de anticuerpos contra diferentes serovares de Leptospira interrogans entre los estados de Puebla, Tabasco y Veracruz, así como entre algunos de sus municipios, y determinar si el estatus sanitario de las vacas influye en su fertilidad. Se tomaron muestras de sangre de 423 vacas (Bos taurus x Bos indicus y Bos indicus) de 24 ranchos de 11 municipios de los estados mencionados. Las prevalencias de los serovares Hardjo e Inifap fueron mayores (P0.05). El número de serovares en el estado de Veracruz fue mayor (P0.05); sin embargo, se recomienda la vacunación del ganado contra Leptospira interrogans, con el fin de disminuir los riesgos asociados con esta bacteria en bovinos y humanos

Treatment of vinasse from tequila production using polyglutamic acid

Vinasse, the wastewater from ethanol distillation, is characterised by high levels of organic and inorganic matter, high exit process temperature (ca. 90 _C) and low pH (3.0e4.5). In this study, the treatment of tequila vinasse was achieved by a flocculationecoagulation process using poly-g-glutamic acid (PGA). Results showed that the use of PGA (250e300 ppm) combined with sodium hypochlorite and sand filtration managed to remove about 70% of the turbidity and reduced chemical oxygen demand (COD) by 79.5% with the extra benefit of colour removal. PGA showed its best flocculating activity at pH 2.5e3.5 and a temperature of 30e55 _C. Such a treatment may be a solution for small tequila companies for which other solutions to deal with their vinasse may not be economically affordable

Hibiscus sabdariffa L., roselle calyx, from ethnobotany to pharmacology

Using MEDLINE and SCOPUS databases, a review of the literature from the pioneering study of 1991 until 2010 was performed on the effects on biological models of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. roselle calyx, its extracts mainly in polar solvents, or pure components found in extracts, as well as their possible relationship to these effects. Three relevant effects on lipid metabolism, antihypertensive activity, and apoptosis were observed. Our chronological review of the studies mentioned in the literature provides another opportunity to see how humans compile scientific knowledge of a chemical structure–physiological activity relationship starting from an ethnobotanical–ethnopharmagognosy contribution. The chemical components that are the main active principles in the physiological activities of Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx are anthocyanins and polyphenols (protocatechuic acid and quercetin). Advances have also been made in the elucidation of action mechanisms. Additionally, it has become clear that the lack of standardization in terms of chemical components of the material arising from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. used in testing on biological models imposes limits on the possibility of carrying out comparative analyses between studies. Fortunately, more recent studies are overcoming this obstacle by reporting component concentrations of assumed active principles; however, complete analysis of the extract, if this is to be considered as a therapeutic agent, is not commonly reported in the aforesaid studies. If one of the eventual scenarios for Hibiscus sabdariffa L. calyx is as a therapeutic agent in communities with economic limitations, then studies of a pharmacological nature should guarantee the effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of this material, which is widely accepted to be associated with chemical complexity, thus making this knowledge necessary

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI <18·5 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2). For schoolaged children and adolescents, we report thinness (BMI <2 SD below the median of the WHO growth reference) and obesity (BMI >2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining underweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesit

Soil water, nutrient availability and sapling survival under organic and polyethylene mulch in a seasonally dry tropical forest

We examine the effect of mulches on the soil volumetric water content (SVWC), pH, carbon (C), total and mineral (NH4 and NO3) nitrogen (N), total and bicarbonate phosphorus (P), and on the survival and relative growth rate of three species, Ipomea wolcottiana Rose, Lonchocarpus eriocarinalis Micheli and Caesalpinia eriostachys Benth, in a degraded seasonally dry tropical forest (SDTF) area. Our study year was unusually dry, with only half of the mean annual rainfall. Sixteen plots (5 × 6 m) for each of our four treatments, mulches with alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) straw, forest litter (SDTF litter), polyethylene and bare soil (control), were used. In each plot, 20 tree saplings were planted of each species. The SVWC was higher in plots mulched with polyethylene than in bare soil plots. The soil pH did not change with mulching, and there were no differences between treatments in the concentrations of soil organic C, total N, NO3 and total P. However, soil concentrations of NH4 were highest in plots with alfalfa straw and of bicarbonate P in plots with polyethylene. Sapling survival was higher in polyethylene mulch plots than in other mulching treatments, in the order I.?wolcottiana > C. eriostachys > L. eriocarinalis. Sapling survival under organic mulches, alfalfa straw and forest litter were similar, and lowest in bare soil. The relative growth rate followed the order L. eriocarinalis < C. eriostachys < I. wolcotiana, and the growth rate of all species was greatest under polyethylene mulch. We conclude that a combination of polyethylene mulch with species of high growth rate is best for restoring seasonally dry tropical areas