Caracterização de material recalcitrante de lixiviado de aterro sanitário antigo por métodos espectroscópicos

Landfill sanitary leachate is an effluent with complex characteristics that still presents some challenges for treatment. From the stabilization of the organic matter which occurs over the years in a landfill, the leachate biodegradability decreases, decreasing the biological treatment efficiency. The objective of this research was to identify the characteristics of leachate from an old landfill, located in Curitiba-BR, using conventional and spectroscopic methods. Two collects of raw leachate were carried out at the Curitiba Municipal Landfill in different periods, which were denominated P11 and P12. The analyzes performed were pH, COD, BOD, DOC, color and solids, as well as UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies. The results indicated that the leachate was influenced by precipitation taxes and it is possible to infer that this landfill is in the aging process, since the leachate presented recalcitrant characteristics. The organic matter presented a strong humification degree due to the presence of aromatic substances, such as humic and fulvic acids, indicating that physical-chemical treatment should be applied to this leachate. In addition, the spectroscopic analysis brought additional information, with a quicker and lower reagent consumption than conventional methods. Thus, these spectroscopic techniques can be considered promising tools to monitor the leachate, assist in the identification of the landfill decomposition stage, and subsidize the planning for proper leachate treatment.O lixiviado de aterro sanitário é um efluente com características complexas e que ainda apresenta desafios no seu tratamento. A partir da estabilização da matéria orgânica, que ocorre durante vários anos em um aterro, a biodegradabilidade do lixiviado diminui, dificultando o emprego do tratamento biológico. A partir disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar as características do lixiviado de um aterro sanitário antigo, localizado em Curitiba – BR, utilizando técnicas convencionais e espectroscópicas. Foram realizadas duas coletas de lixiviado no Aterro Municipal de Curitiba, na entrada do sistema de tratamento do aterro, denominadas P11 e P12, e foram realizadas análises de pH, DQO, DBO, COD, cor, série de sólidos e análises de espectroscopia de UV-Vis e de fluorescência. A partir das análises realizadas, observou-se que o lixiviado sofreu interferência das taxas de precipitação e pode inferir-se que o aterro estudado está em processo de envelhecimento, com o lixiviado apresentando características recalcitrantes. A matéria orgânica apresentou forte característica húmica, sendo constituída principalmente por substâncias aromáticas como ácidos húmicos e fúlvicos, podendo ser indicada a utilização de tratamento físico-químico para o lixiviado estudado. Além disso, as análises espectroscópicas trouxeram informações adicionais, de maneira mais rápida e com consumo mais baixo de reagentes do que as técnicas convencionais, e são ferramentas promissoras para auxiliar na identificação da etapa de decomposição em que o aterro se encontra, subsidiar o planejamento do tratamento adequado e o monitoramento do lixiviado gerado.

Single resistance training session leads to muscle damage without isometric strength decrease

Here we demonstrated that a single resistance exercise session causes muscle damage, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), higher creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and increased IL-6 concentration without changes in muscle strength. Sixteen healthy untrained subjects performed five exercises consisting of three sets of 10 maximum repetitions for each exercise and 1 minute rest period between sets and exercises. Blood samples were taken after 30 minutes, 24, 48 and 72 hours and before exercise. Muscular performance was assessed by maximum isometric strength (MIS) before, 24h, 48h and 72h exercise session. We have concluded that the single resistance exercise session, performed on this study, led to muscle damage and this variable cannot be evaluated through maximal isometric strength. Among those markers, CK was more sensitive to muscle damage. This information might be important for adequate recovery between training sessions

Tratamento do lixiviado do aterro sanitário de Maringá/PR por processos combinados de ozonização e oxidação em água supercrítica / Treatment of leachate from Maringá/PR landfill by combined processes of ozonization and supercritical water oxidation

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência dos processos de ozonização (O3) e de oxidação em água supercrítica (OASc), bem como a combinação de ambos, no tratamento do lixiviado do aterro sanitário de Maringá/PR. As condições operacionais foram: O3 por 30 minutos e OASc a 600ºC e pressão de 23 MPa. Verificou-se que o tratamento combinado (O3e OASc) resultou nas maiores taxas de remoçõesde praticamente todos os parâmetros físico-químicos analisados, mostrando-se uma tecnologia promissora para o tratamento do efluente em questão.

Tratamento do lixiviado do aterro sanitário de Maringá/PR por processos combinados de ozonização e oxidação em água supercrítica / Treatment of leachate from Maringá/PR landfill by combined processes of ozonization and supercritical water oxidation

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência dos processos de ozonização (O3) e de oxidação em água supercrítica (OASc), bem como a combinação de ambos, no tratamento do lixiviado do aterro sanitário de Maringá/PR. As condições operacionais foram: O3 por 30 minutos e OASc a 600ºC e pressão de 23 MPa. Verificou-se que o tratamento combinado (O3e OASc) resultou nas maiores taxas de remoçõesde praticamente todos os parâmetros físico-químicos analisados, mostrando-se uma tecnologia promissora para o tratamento do efluente em questão.

Bacterial RNA virus MS2 exposure increases the expression of cancer progression genes in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line

Bacteriophages effectively counteract diverse bacterial infections, and their ability to treat most types of cancer has been explored using phage engineering or phage-virus hybrid platforms. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the bacteriophage MS2 can affect the expression of genes associated with the proliferation and survival of LNCaP prostate epithelial cells. LNCaP cells were exposed to bacteriophage MS2 at a concentration of 1x10(7) plaque forming units/ml for 24-48 h. After exposure, various cellular parameters, including cell viability, morphology, and changes in gene expression, were examined. MS2 affected cell viability adversely, reducing viability by 25% in the first 4 h of treatment; however, cell viability recovered within 24-48 h. Similarly, the AKT, androgen receptor, integrin alpha 5, integrin beta 1, MAPK1, MAPK3, STAT3, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha genes, which are involved in various normal cellular processes and tumor progression, were significantly upregulated, whereas the expression levels of HSP90, ITGB5, ITGB3, HSP27, ITGAV, and PI3K genes were unchanged. Therefore, based on viability and gene expression changes, bacteriophage MS2 severely impaired LNCaP cells by reducing anchorage-dependent survival and androgen signaling. A caveolin-mediated endocytosis mechanism for MS2-mediated signaling in prostate cancer cells was proposed based on reports involving bacteriophages T4, M13, and MS2, and their interactions with LNCaP and PC3 cell lines

Bacterial RNA virus MS2 exposure increases the expression of cancer progression genes in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line

Bacteriophages effectively counteract diverse bacterial infections, and their ability to treat most types of cancer has been explored using phage engineering or phage-virus hybrid platforms. In the present study, it was demonstrated that the bacteriophage MS2 can affect the expression of genes associated with the proliferation and survival of LNCaP prostate epithelial cells. LNCaP cells were exposed to bacteriophage MS2 at a concentration of 1x10(7) plaque forming units/ml for 24-48 h. After exposure, various cellular parameters, including cell viability, morphology, and changes in gene expression, were examined. MS2 affected cell viability adversely, reducing viability by 25% in the first 4 h of treatment; however, cell viability recovered within 24-48 h. Similarly, the AKT, androgen receptor, integrin alpha 5, integrin beta 1, MAPK1, MAPK3, STAT3, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha genes, which are involved in various normal cellular processes and tumor progression, were significantly upregulated, whereas the expression levels of HSP90, ITGB5, ITGB3, HSP27, ITGAV, and PI3K genes were unchanged. Therefore, based on viability and gene expression changes, bacteriophage MS2 severely impaired LNCaP cells by reducing anchorage-dependent survival and androgen signaling. A caveolin-mediated endocytosis mechanism for MS2-mediated signaling in prostate cancer cells was proposed based on reports involving bacteriophages T4, M13, and MS2, and their interactions with LNCaP and PC3 cell lines