Review of Literature on Use of T-61 as an Euthanasic Agent

The available evidence indicates many questions about T-61 as a satisfactory euthanasia agent. The only controlled study of animal E EG\u27s after T-61 administration showed that this compound could produce rapid unconsciousness. However, the drug was administered via an indwelling catheter which is not generally used in shelters euthanizing 10,000 to 20,000 animals a year. Furthermore, the investigator compared the T-61 results against the results obtained with a weak and marginally lethal dose of sodium pentobarbital

Review of Literature on Use of T-61 as an Euthanasic Agent

The tools of evaluating the degree of distress in animals being killed include electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and measurement of blood pressure and respiration. Sound clinical and behavioral observations should also not be abandoned in the evaIuation process. There are many methods which may be employed to reach the same end results, but the ideal method should satisfy several criteria: 1. It should be painless; 2. It should cause unconsciousness instantaneously and death within minutes; 3. It should not cause undue anxiety, alarm, fear, panic, behavior, struggling, vocalization, muscle spasms or clinical signs of automatic activation (e.g., convulsions) before unconsciousness; 4. It should always cause death when properly used; 5. It should be safe for the properly trained person to use; 6. It should be easy for the properly trained person to use; 7. It should not be a drug subject to abuse in human beings; B. It should be aesthetically unobjectionable. (This criterion depends on who the observers are); 9. It should be practical to use for the particular type of animal to be killed; 10. It should not create a problem of sanitation or environmental contamination; 11. It should not cause tissue changes which will alter postmortem examination or chemical tests; and 12. It should be economical. The objective of this paper is to review the literature on the use of T-61 as an euthanasic agent and to determine to what extent it meets the above criteria

Online coherency identification and stability condition for large interconnected power systems using an unsupervised data mining technique

Identification of coherent generators and the determination of the stability system condition in large interconnected power system is one of the key steps to carry out different control system strategies to avoid a partial or complete blackout of a power system. However, the oscillatory trends, the larger amount data available and the non-linear dynamic behaviour of the frequency measurements often mislead the appropriate knowledge of the actual coherent groups, making wide-area coherency monitoring a challenging task. This paper presents a novel online unsupervised data mining technique to identify coherent groups, to detect the power system disturbance event and determine status stability condition of the system. The innovative part of the proposed approach resides on combining traditional plain algorithms such as singular value decomposition (SVD) and K -means for clustering together with new concept based on clustering slopes. The proposed combination provides an added value to other applications relying on similar algorithms available in the literature. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, two case studies are presented, where data is extracted from the large and comprehensive initial dynamic model of ENTSO-E and the results compared to other alternative methods available in the literature

Infectious Disease Transmission by Arline Travel

Improvements in aviation technology have led to considerable growth of domestic and international flights worldwide especially during the past four decades. Commercial flights have increased the movement of and have connected people from virtually all corners of the globe since the end of World War II to exceed 3 billion passengers a year since 2013: a sizable proportion of the global human population. Flight times have decreased considerably from the onset of commercial aviation and the range of airliners has extended substantially. A passenger harboring an infectious agent embarking a flight on one continent can be deplaning on another continent well within half a days’ time, in many cases, before manifesting any symptoms of disease. Furthermore, close proximity of passengers, some perhaps immunocompromised, during extended transcontinental flights, combined with relatively low air humidity (10-20%) and limited air replacements in the pressurized cabin may facilitate exchange of airborne infections. Respiratory pathogens including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, SARS coronavirus, human influenza and parainfluenza viruses and most recently SARS-CoV-2 are most likely candidates to convert aircrafts into atypical, unwitting fomites. Other infectious diseases such as enteric pathogens with an incubation time longer than the duration of any given flight may permit their asymptomatic host to rapidly disseminate an epidemic within or across continents. In this article we review documented precedents, engineering controls on commercial airliners and additional security measures employed on the ground intended to mitigate infectious disease spread and transmission potential through air travel

Comparative review of methods for stability monitoring in electrical power systems and vibrating structures

This study provides a review of methods used for stability monitoring in two different fields, electrical power systems and vibration analysis, with the aim of increasing awareness of and highlighting opportunities for cross-fertilisation. The nature of the problems that require stability monitoring in both fields are discussed here as well as the approaches that have been taken. The review of power systems methods is presented in two parts: methods for ambient or normal operation and methods for transient or post-fault operation. Similarly, the review of methods for vibration analysis is presented in two parts: methods for stationary or linear time-invariant data and methods for non-stationary or non-linear time-variant data. Some observations and comments are made regarding methods that have already been applied in both fields including recommendations for the use of different sets of algorithms that have not been utilised to date. Additionally, methods that have been applied to vibration analysis and have potential for power systems stability monitoring are discussed and recommended. � 2010 The Institution of Engineering and Technology

Waste management in the metropolitan area of the Valley of Mexico : a methodological approach

Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1995.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-248).by Ruben Barocio R.M.S

ICT: Didactic Strategy using Online Simulators for the Teaching Learning of the Law of Conservation of Matter and its Relationship to Chemical Reactions in Higher Middle Education

It is imperative that a profound transformation be carried out in the traditional way in which we teach science subjects, so it is necessary that the role of student change from being a mere recipient of information to being the main player in the construction of his knowledge. One of the strategies to achieve this is to make use of ICT, within which are educational simulators, as a support resource to facilitate the teaching-learning processes taught in the classroom. The didactic strategy developed in this work was carried out with the PhET (https://phet.colorado.edu) simulator was used to improve the learning teaching of the law of conservation of the subject matter and its relationship with chemical reactions. To evaluate the learnings acquired by students, the Hake factor was determined. In terms of the implementation of this didactic strategy, students demonstrated greater recognition, understanding and appropriation of the knowledge gained about the importance of this law in chemical reactions. This teaching strategy is useful for higher middle-level schools that do not have a school science lab

Study of Oxidative-Crosslink Reaction in Polyphenyl Sulfide (PPS) / Carbon fiber and its Influence in Additive Manufacturing

Ever since its development in 1980s, Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) has been an attractive additive manufacturing technology due to its flexibility to create intricate shapes at lower costs and faster manufacturing process than subtractive techniques. These advantages make FFF suitable for printing molds for use in traditional composites manufacturing processes. Combining FFF with high-temperature thermoplastic composites enables producing molds that not only sustain autoclave conditions but also have low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). A semi-crystalline polymer, Poly-phenylene Sulfide (PPS), with 50% by weight of carbon fiber is used as feedstock material for FFF. Nonetheless, PPS is sensitive to undergo oxidative reactions at the processing temperature and thus giving rise to changes in the polymer behavior. Hence, the effects of oxidation on crystallization kinetics and polymer architecture are investigated in the current work. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) is used first to characterize the changes in crystallization kinetics due to polymer oxidation. Subsequently, Fourier Transform Infrared-Spectroscopy (FTIR) is used to study the changes in the polymer architecture due to the oxidative reaction. From the DSC analysis, the crystallization rate was found to decrease with the oxidation, and the oxidation decreased the max crystallinity developed. On the other hand, the FTIR results revealed the formation of a carbonyl group on oxidized polymer. These results demonstrate that the changes in the polymer structure due to oxidation hinder the growth of crystalline regions and thus reducing the final crystallinity content

Relación anteroposterior de los incisivos centrales superiores con la frente en pacientes adultos latinoamericanos

Introducción: Conseguir un buen posicionamiento de los incisivos superiores es uno de los objetivos prioritarios de cualquier ortodoncista. Para el paciente supone uno de los elementos de mayor impacto estético de la región dentofacial, por su estrecha relación con la estática y dinámica labial. Objetivo: Valorar la relación anteroposterior de los incisivos centrales superiores con la frente en pacientes adultos latinoamericanos que acudieron al Posgrado de Ortodoncia de la UANL. Materiales y Método: Se seleccionaron los registros de 60 pacientes que contaban con radiografías laterales y fotografías de perfil iniciales y finales. Se realizó el análisis facial del Elemento II de Andrews a cada uno. Se compararon los resultados con las medidas finales y se determinó cuantos se encontraban dentro de la norma al final del tratamiento. Resultados: El 80% de los pacientes que terminaron su tratamiento en el posgrado de ortodoncia de la UANL cumplieron con el Elemento II de Andrews. Discusión: Existe una correlación estrecha y estable entre la forma e inclinación de la frente y la posición anteroposterior del incisivo superior. Conclusión: La posición anteroposterior del incisivo superior está correlacionada con la forma e inclinación de la frente. El posicionamiento del incisivo superior es un factor clave en la planificación ortodóntica. Es necesario realizar estudios poblacionales adicionales, con distintas variables, para certificar la utilidad clínica de este protocolo